Abstract
We study the uncertainties of quantum mechanical observables, quantified by the standard deviation (square root of variance) in Haar-distributed random pure states. We derive analytically ...the probability density functions (PDFs) of the uncertainties of arbitrary qubit observables. Based on these PDFs, the uncertainty regions of the observables are characterized by the support of the PDFs. The state-independent uncertainty relations are then transformed into the optimization problems over uncertainty regions, which opens a new vista for studying state-independent uncertainty relations. Our results may be generalized to multiple observable cases in higher dimensional spaces.
Objectives
Adult stem cells uphold a delicate balance between quiescent and active states, which is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Whereas many signalling pathways that regulate epithelial stem ...cells have been reported, many regulators remain unidentified.
Materials and Methods
Flies were used to generate tissue‐specific gene knockdown and gene knockout. qRT‐PCR was used to assess the relative mRNA levels. Immunofluorescence was used to determine protein localization and expression patterns. Clonal analyses were used to observe the phenotype. RNA‐seq was used to screen downstream mechanisms.
Results
Here, we report a member of the chloride channel family, ClC‐c, which is specifically expressed in Drosophila intestinal stem/progenitor cells and regulates intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation under physiological conditions and upon tissue damage. Mechanistically, we found that the ISC loss induced by the depletion of ClC‐c in intestinal stem/progenitor cells is due to inhibition of the EGFR signalling pathway.
Conclusion
Our findings reveal an ISC‐specific function of ClC‐c in regulating stem cell maintenance and proliferation, thereby providing new insights into the functional links among the chloride channel family, ISC proliferation and tissue homeostasis.
Our findings show that ClC‐c (the homologous gene of ClC‐3 in Drosophila) is expressed in adult intestinal stem cells and is essential for proliferation during homeostasis and after tissue damage. This study demonstrates that ClC‐c regulates ISC proliferation through the EGFR signalling pathway.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Ternary metal sulfides represent a new class of faradaic electrode material outperforming their oxide counterparts. In this work, a hierarchically structured electrode is fabricated via a two-step ...hydrothermal reaction. By in situ growth of CuCo2S4 arrays on a nickel foam substrate (NF) and subsequent cladding with Ni2(CO3)(OH)2, the optimized electrode, NF/CuCo2S4-200@Ni2(CO3)(OH)2, exhibits a specific capacity of 343.9 C g−1 (5159 mF cm−2 at the current density of 2 mA cm−2) along with an excellent cycling stability (96.7% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles) in aqueous KOH electrolyte. Assembled by using NF/CuCo2S4-200@Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 nanosheets as the positive electrode and commercial activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, the hybrid supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 44.0 W h kg−1 at a power density of 139.3 W kg−1 and 17.7 W h kg−1 at 2733 W kg−1. Moreover, a satisfactory cycling stability (capacity retention of 93.0% after 10 000 cycles) is attained. The series circuit made up of a yellow LED and a pair of hybrid electrodes can power the LED bulb at 3 V for 30 minutes. These outstanding performances of the NF/CuCo2S4@Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 electrode are attributed to the binder-free design and oriented growth of CuCo2S4 arrays by wrapping with Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 nanosheets, which enhances the conductivity of the electrode material and successfully prevents CuCo2S4 from undergoing structure collapse in the alkaline electrolyte solution during the charging/discharging process. With large specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, the hierarchical NF/CuCo2S4@Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 electrode may hold great potential for practical application in hybrid supercapacitors.
Ternary metal sulfides represent a new class of faradaic electrode material outperforming their oxide counterparts. In this work, a hierarchically structured electrode is fabricated via a two-step ...hydrothermal reaction. By in situ growth of CuCo 2 S 4 arrays on a nickel foam substrate (NF) and subsequent cladding with Ni 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 , the optimized electrode, NF/CuCo 2 S 4 -200@Ni 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 , exhibits a specific capacity of 343.9 C g −1 (5159 mF cm −2 at the current density of 2 mA cm −2 ) along with an excellent cycling stability (96.7% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles) in aqueous KOH electrolyte. Assembled by using NF/CuCo 2 S 4 -200@Ni 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 nanosheets as the positive electrode and commercial activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, the hybrid supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 44.0 W h kg −1 at a power density of 139.3 W kg −1 and 17.7 W h kg −1 at 2733 W kg −1 . Moreover, a satisfactory cycling stability (capacity retention of 93.0% after 10 000 cycles) is attained. The series circuit made up of a yellow LED and a pair of hybrid electrodes can power the LED bulb at 3 V for 30 minutes. These outstanding performances of the NF/CuCo 2 S 4 @Ni 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 electrode are attributed to the binder-free design and oriented growth of CuCo 2 S 4 arrays by wrapping with Ni 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 nanosheets, which enhances the conductivity of the electrode material and successfully prevents CuCo 2 S 4 from undergoing structure collapse in the alkaline electrolyte solution during the charging/discharging process. With large specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, the hierarchical NF/CuCo 2 S 4 @Ni 2 (CO 3 )(OH) 2 electrode may hold great potential for practical application in hybrid supercapacitors.
Ternary metal sulfides represent a new class of faradaic electrode material outperforming their oxide counterparts. In this work, a hierarchically structured electrode is fabricated
via
a two-step ...hydrothermal reaction. By
in situ
growth of CuCo
2
S
4
arrays on a nickel foam substrate (NF) and subsequent cladding with Ni
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
, the optimized electrode, NF/CuCo
2
S
4
-200@Ni
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
, exhibits a specific capacity of 343.9 C g
−1
(5159 mF cm
−2
at the current density of 2 mA cm
−2
) along with an excellent cycling stability (96.7% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles) in aqueous KOH electrolyte. Assembled by using NF/CuCo
2
S
4
-200@Ni
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
nanosheets as the positive electrode and commercial activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode, the hybrid supercapacitor delivers an energy density of 44.0 W h kg
−1
at a power density of 139.3 W kg
−1
and 17.7 W h kg
−1
at 2733 W kg
−1
. Moreover, a satisfactory cycling stability (capacity retention of 93.0% after 10 000 cycles) is attained. The series circuit made up of a yellow LED and a pair of hybrid electrodes can power the LED bulb at 3 V for 30 minutes. These outstanding performances of the NF/CuCo
2
S
4
@Ni
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
electrode are attributed to the binder-free design and oriented growth of CuCo
2
S
4
arrays by wrapping with Ni
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
nanosheets, which enhances the conductivity of the electrode material and successfully prevents CuCo
2
S
4
from undergoing structure collapse in the alkaline electrolyte solution during the charging/discharging process. With large specific capacity and excellent cycling stability, the hierarchical NF/CuCo
2
S
4
@Ni
2
(CO
3
)(OH)
2
electrode may hold great potential for practical application in hybrid supercapacitors.
Ternary metal sulfides represent a new class of faradaic electrode material outperforming their oxide counterparts.
Objective
To ascertain the pressure ulcer prevalence in secondary and tertiary general hospitals in different areas of Guangdong Province in China and explore the possible risk factors that are ...related to pressure ulcers.
Background
Few multicentre studies have been conducted on pressure ulcer prevalence in Chinese hospitals.
Design
A cross‐sectional study design was used.
Methods
Data from a total of 25,264 patients were included in the analysis at 25 hospitals in China. The investigators were divided into two groups. The investigators in group 1 examined the patients' skin. When a pressure ulcer was found, a pressure ulcer assessment form was completed. The investigators in group 2 provided guidance to the nurses, who assessed all patients and completed another questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between the possible risk factors and pressure ulcer.
Results
The overall prevalence rate of pressure ulcers in the 25 hospitals ranged from 0%–3.49%, with a mean of 1.26%. The most common stage of the pressure ulcers was stage II (41.4%); most common anatomical locations were sacrum (39.5%) and the feet (16.4%). Braden score (p < .001), expected length of stay (p < .001), incontinence (p < .001), care group (p = .011), hospital location (p < .001), type of hospitals (p = .004), ages of patients (p < .001) were associations of pressure ulcers from the multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Conclusions
The overall prevalence rate of pressure ulcers in Chinese hospitals was lower than that reported in previous investigations. Specific characteristics of pressure ulcer patients were as follows: low Braden score, longer expected length of stay, double incontinence, an ICU and a medical ward, hospital location in the Pearl River Delta, a university hospital and an older patient.
Relevance to clinical practice
The survey could make managers know their prevalence level of pressure ulcers and provide priorities for clinical nurses.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Large grid impedance is the main characteristic of weak grid, and its accurate detection can improve the inverter control performance. However, traditional impedance detection method based on current ...harmonic injection usually causes a large increase in harmonics, which weakens the power quality. In order to solve this problem, an improved multiple harmonic injection method based on QPR (Quasi Proportional Resonance) parameter-adaptive control strategy is proposed in this paper. By analyzing the impedance detection results and the power quality of the inverter output, the impedance detection results are sent to the adaptive control system, which is used to correct the quality of the grid-connected current waveform after calculating each parameter of the QPR controller. The final simulation results show that the proposed improved control strategy can improve the inverter output waveform quality and enhance the anti-interference capability of the weak grid without changing the impedance detection accuracy of the wind power grid-connected inverter under weak power conditions.
The
ARF
(Auxin response factor),
GH3
(Gretchen Hagen 3), and
Aux/IAA
(Auxin/indole-3-acetic acid) gene families are key components in auxin signaling pathway and function as regulators of growth in ...plants. However, this research is rarely reported in jute, which severely limits the understandings of mechanisms involved in fiber development. In this study, 13
ARF
, 12
GH3
and 20
Aux/IAA
putative genes were identified in the whole genome of jute. Exon-intron structures revealed the high conservation among these auxin-related gene family members. Chromosomal localization and synteny analysis showed that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of
CcARF
,
CcGH3
and
CcIAA
gene families. Phylogenetic and conserved motif analysis revealed that they have distinct functional and
CcARF
,
CcGH3
and
CcIAA
-specific domains, respectively. The expression pattern analysis based on RNA-seq and qRT-PCR indicated that 7
CcARF
, 5
CcGH3
, and 14
CcIAA
genes showed higher expression in stem barks than leaves at the vigorous vegetative growth stage in an elite cultivar Huangma 179 with normal plant height, respectively, suggesting they might regulate the development of bast fiber. Moreover, the expression of 5
CcARF
, 4
CcGH3
, and 12
CcIAA
genes was differentially expressed in stem barks of a typical GA
3
sensitive dwarf germplasm in comparison to Huangma 179. The cis-element analysis showed that promoters of 4
CcARF
, 3
CcGH3
, and 7
CcIAA
genes had 1 to 3 cis-elements involved in gibberellin-responsiveness, giving a hint that they could respond to endogenous gibberellin accumulation in Huangma 179 and form a complicated network to regulate hormone regulatory network and plant height. This study provides useful information for functional analysis of
ARF
,
GH3
, and
Aux/IAA
genes, which would be taken as candidates for genetic improvement of bast fiber quality in jute.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The increasing demand for maintenance-free, cost-effective, and high-stability flexible electrodes is highly anticipated for the research of marine electric-field sensors, and various carbon fibers ...(CFs) are considered the most suitable carbon-based electrode for the purpose. Nevertheless, the conventional fabrication of acidified or nitrogenized CF electrodes did not attract great attention for commercial application, which has limitations in the case of simultaneous cost-effectiveness and long-term stability. In this study, with homemade reduced graphene oxide (rGO) load, the prepared double carbon substrate Ag-rGO-CF composite electrodes have a honeycomb rGO conductive skeleton and the dispersed Ag nanoparticles via a facile hermetic oxidation process and hydrothermal method. The prepared Ag-rGO-CF composite electrode demonstrated an outstanding electrode performance, including low resistance, high electrochemical reaction rate, and stable potential with long-term stability and low cost. The electric double-layer (EDL) structure theory from the Gouy–Chapman–Stern model and double carbon substrate mechanism between CFs and rGO with the help of Ag were clarified, whose principle is to strengthen the adsorption force and electrostatic attraction of the electrode and to offset the residual charge while reducing the thickness of the electric double layer to achieve the purpose of potential balance. The Ag-rGO-CF composite electrode has presented long-term stability and high sensitivity, especially a wide application bandwidth. The Ag-rGO-CF composite electrode made in this study is a competitive candidate material as a flexible marine electrode field sensor.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A series of single-phase broadband white-light-emitting Sr
5
(PO
4
)
3
F:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
phosphors were prepared by a solid state reaction. The luminescence property, and the crystal and electronic ...structures of the fluorophosphates were studied by photoluminescence analysis, XRD Rietveld refinement and density functional theory calculation (DFT), respectively. Under near ultraviolet excitation in the 250 to 430 nm wavelength range, the phosphors exhibit two emission bands centered at 440 and 556 nm, caused by the Eu
2+
and Mn
2+
ions. By altering the relative ratios of Eu
2+
and Mn
2+
in the compounds, the emission color could be modulated from blue to white. The efficient energy transfer from the Eu
2+
to Mn
2+
ions could be ascribed to the well crystallized host lattice and the facile substitution of Eu
2+
and Mn
2+
for Sr
2+
sites due to similar ionic radii. A series of fluxes were investigated to improve the photoluminescence intensity. When KCl was used as flux in the synthesis, the photoluminescence intensity of Sr
5
(PO
4
)
3
F:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
was enhanced by 85% compared with no fluxes added. These results demonstrate that the single-phase Sr
5
(PO
4
)
3
F:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
with enhanced luminescence efficiency could be promising as a near UV-convertible direct white-light-emitting phosphor for WLED applications.
Single-phase Sr
5
(PO
4
)
3
F:Eu
2+
,Mn
2+
phosphors are prepared, showing white-light emission under near UV excitation. The photoluminescence intensity is enhanced by 85% by using KCl as flux. The relationship between photoluminescence and the crystal and electronic structures is studied.
PDF
