Complex watershed simulation models are powerful tools that can help scientists and policy-makers address challenging topics, such as land use management and water security. In the Western Lake Erie ...Basin (WLEB), complex hydrological models have been applied at various scales to help describe relationships between land use and water, nutrient, and sediment dynamics. This manuscript evaluated the capacity of the current Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT2012) to predict hydrological and water quality processes within WLEB at the finest resolution watershed boundary unit (NHDPlus) along with the current conditions and conservation scenarios. The process based SWAT model was capable of the fine-scale computation and complex routing used in this project, as indicated by measured data at five gaging stations. The level of detail required for fine-scale spatial simulation made the use of both hard and soft data necessary in model calibration, alongside other model adaptations. Limitations to the model's predictive capacity were due to a paucity of data in the region at the NHDPlus scale rather than due to SWAT functionality. Results of treatment scenarios demonstrate variable effects of structural practices and nutrient management on sediment and nutrient loss dynamics. Targeting treatment to acres with critical outstanding conservation needs provides the largest return on investment in terms of nutrient loss reduction per dollar spent, relative to treating acres with lower inherent nutrient loss vulnerabilities. Importantly, this research raises considerations about use of models to guide land management decisions at very fine spatial scales. Decision makers using these results should be aware of data limitations that hinder fine-scale model interpretation.
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•NHDPlus data were conducted for flow and water quality in Western Lake Erie Basin.•Practicable conservation scenarios were implemented to NHDPlus watershed project.•Projected cost among different conservation scenarios was compared and investigated.•Model responses by spring/summer seasons were identified by stream order.•Improved biological conditions were studied by investment of conservation practices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Oxysterols (i.e., oxidized cholesterol species) have complex roles in biology. 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a product of the activity of cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (CH25H) on cholesterol, has ...recently been shown to be broadly antiviral, suggesting therapeutic potential against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, 25HC can also amplify inflammation and be converted by CYP7B1 (cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily B member 1) to 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol, a lipid with chemoattractant activity, via the G protein-coupled receptor EBI2 (Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2)/GPR183 (G protein-coupled receptor 183). Here, using
studies and two different murine models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we investigate the effects of these two oxysterols on SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. We show that although 25HC and enantiomeric-25HC are antiviral
against human endemic coronavirus-229E, they did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2; nor did supplemental 25HC reduce pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 titers in the K18-human ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) mouse model
. Treatment with 25HC also did not alter immune cell influx into the airway, airspace cytokines, lung pathology, weight loss, symptoms, or survival but was associated with increased airspace albumin, an indicator of microvascular injury, and increased plasma proinflammatory cytokines. Conversely, mice treated with the EBI2/GPR183 inhibitor NIBR189 displayed a modest increase in lung viral load only at late time points but no change in weight loss. Consistent with these findings, although
and 25HC were upregulated in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-infected wild-type mice, lung viral titers and weight loss in
and
mice infected with the β variant were similar to those in control animals. Taken together, endogenous 25HCs do not significantly regulate early SARS-CoV-2 replication or pathogenesis, and supplemental 25HC may have proinjury rather than therapeutic effects in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.
Selinexor, a covalent XPO1 inhibitor, is approved in the USA in combination with dexamethasone for penta‐refractory multiple myeloma. Additional XPO1 covalent inhibitors are currently in clinical ...trials for multiple diseases including hematologic malignancies, solid tumor malignancies, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is important to measure the target engagement and selectivity of covalent inhibitors to understand the degree of engagement needed for efficacy, while avoiding both mechanism‐based and off‐target toxicity. Herein, we report clickable probes based on the XPO1 inhibitors selinexor and eltanexor for the labeling of XPO1 in live cells to assess target engagement and selectivity. We used mass spectrometry‐based chemoproteomic workflows to profile the proteome‐wide selectivity of selinexor and eltanexor and show that they are highly selective for XPO1. Thermal profiling analysis of selinexor further offers an orthogonal approach to measure XPO1 engagement in live cells. We believe these probes and assays will serve as useful tools to further interrogate the biology of XPO1 and its inhibition in cellular and in vivo systems.
Target engaged? We report clickable probes based on the XPO1 inhibitors selinexor and eltanexor for the labeling of XPO1 in live cells to assess target engagement and selectivity. We used mass spectrometry‐based chemoproteomic workflows to profile the proteome‐wide selectivity of selinexor and eltanexor and show that they are highly selective for XPO1.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
34.
Correction: Adipic acid production from lignin Vardon, Derek R; Franden, Mary Ann; Johnson, Christopher W ...
Energy & environmental science,
08/2022, Volume:
15, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Correction for 'Adipic acid production from lignin' by Derek R. Vardon
et al.
,
Energy Environ. Sci.
, 2015,
8
, 617-628,
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4EE03230F
.
CONTEXT Cigarette smoking is associated with some anxiety disorders, but the
direction of the association between smoking and specific anxiety disorders
has not been determined. OBJECTIVE To ...investigate the longitudinal association between cigarette smoking
and anxiety disorders among adolescents and young adults. DESIGN The Children in the Community Study, a prospective longitudinal investigation. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community-based sample of 688 youths (51% female) from upstate New York
interviewed in the years 1985-1986, at a mean age of 16 years, and in the
years 1991-1993, at a mean age of 22 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Participant cigarette smoking and psychiatric disorders in adolescence
and early adulthood, measured by age-appropriate versions of the Diagnostic
Interview Schedule for Children. RESULTS Heavy cigarette smoking (≥20 cigarettes/d) during adolescence was
associated with higher risk of agoraphobia (10.3% vs 1.8%; odds ratio OR,
6.79; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.53-30.17), generalized anxiety disorder
(20.5% vs 3.71%; OR, 5.53; 95% CI, 1.84-16.66), and panic disorder (7.7% vs
0.6%; OR, 15.58; 95% CI, 2.31-105.14) during early adulthood after controlling
for age, sex, difficult childhood temperament; alcohol and drug use, anxiety,
and depressive disorders during adolescence; and parental smoking, educational
level, and psychopathology. Anxiety disorders during adolescence were not
significantly associated with chronic cigarette smoking during early adulthood.
Fourteen percent and 15% of participants with and without anxiety during adolescence,
respectively, smoked at least 20 cigarettes per day during early adulthood
(OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.36-2.14). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that cigarette smoking may increase risk of certain
anxiety disorders during late adolescence and early adulthood.
Based upon Damasio's “convergence zone” model of semantic memory, we predicted that epilepsy surgical patients with anterior temporal lobe (TL) seizure onset would exhibit a pattern of ...category-specific naming and recognition deficits not observed in patients with seizures arising elsewhere.
We assessed epilepsy patients with unilateral seizure onset of anterior TL or other origin (n=22), pre- or post-operatively, using a set of category-specific items and a conventional measure of visual naming (Boston Naming Test: BNT).
Category-specific naming deficits were exhibited by patients with dominant anterior TL seizure onset/resection for famous faces and animals, while category-specific recognition deficits for these same categories were exhibited by patients with nondominant anterior TL onset/resection. Patients with other seizure onset did not exhibit category-specific deficits. Naming and recognition deficits were frequently not detected by the BNT, which samples only a limited range of stimuli.
Consistent with the “convergence zone” framework, results suggest that the nondominant anterior TL plays a major role in binding sensory information into conceptual percepts for certain stimuli, while dominant TL regions function to provide a link to verbal labels for these percepts. Although observed category-specific deficits were striking, they were often missed by the BNT, suggesting that they are more prevalent than recognized in both pre- and post-surgical epilepsy patients. Systematic investigation of these deficits could lead to more refined models of semantic memory, aid in the localization of seizures, and contribute to modifications in surgical technique and patient selection in epilepsy surgery to improve neurocognitive outcome.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Television viewing and aggressive behavior were assessed over a 17-year interval in a community sample of 707 individuals. There was a significant association between the amount of time spent ...watching television during adolescence and early adulthood and the likelihood of subsequent aggressive acts against others. This association remained significant after previous aggressive behavior, childhood neglect, family income, neighborhood violence, parental education, and psychiatric disorders were controlled statistically.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Many aquatic ecosystems are experiencing multiple anthropogenic stressors that threaten their ability to support ecologically and economically important fish species. Two of the most ubiquitous ...stressors are climate change and non‐point source nutrient pollution.
Agricultural conservation practices (ACPs, i.e. farming practices that reduce runoff, prevent erosion, and curb excessive nutrient loading) offer a potential means to mitigate the negative effects of non‐point source pollution on fish populations. However, our understanding of how ACP implementation amidst a changing climate will affect fish production in large ecosystems that receive substantial upstream sediment and nutrient inputs remains incomplete.
Towards this end, we explored how anticipated climate change and the implementation of realistic ACPs might alter the recruitment dynamics of three fish populations (native walleye Sander vitreus and yellow perch Perca flavescens and invasive white perch Morone americana) in the highly productive, dynamic west basin of Lake Erie. We projected future (2020–2065) recruitment under different combinations of anticipated climate change (n = 2 levels) and ACP implementation (n = 4 levels) in the western Lake Erie catchment using predictive biological models driven by forecasted winter severity, spring warming rate, and Maumee River total phosphorus loads that were generated from linked climate, catchment‐hydrology, and agricultural‐practice‐simulation models.
In general, our models projected reduced walleye and yellow perch recruitment whereas invasive white perch recruitment was projected to remain stable or increase relative to the recent past. Our modelling also suggests the potential for trade‐offs, as ACP implementation was projected to reduce yellow perch recruitment with anticipated climate change.
Overall, our study presents a useful modelling framework to forecast fish recruitment in Lake Erie and elsewhere, as well as offering projections and new avenues of research that could help resource management agencies and policy‐makers develop adaptive and resilient management strategies in the face of anticipated climate and land‐management change.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: To identify demographic, family, parent, and child factors prospectively associated with risk for child abuse and neglect among families in the community, using data on child maltreatment ...obtained from both official records and youth self-reports.
Method: Surveys assessing demographic variables, family relationships, parental behavior, and characteristics of parents and children were administered to a representative sample of 644 families in upstate New York on four occasions between 1975 and 1992. Data on child abuse and neglect were obtained from New York State records and retrospective self-report instruments administered when youths were ≥ 18 years old.
Results: Logistic regression analyses indicated that different patterns of risk factors predicted the occurrence of physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect, although maternal youth and maternal sociopathy predicted the occurrence of all three forms of child maltreatment. In addition, the prevalence of child abuse or neglect increased from 3% when no risk factors were present to 24% when ≥ 4 risk factors were present. State records and self-reports of child maltreatment did not correspond in most cases when maltreatment was reported through at least one data source, underlining the importance of obtaining data from both official records and self-reports.
Conclusions: Assessment of a number of risk factors may permit health professionals to identify parents and children who are at high risk for child maltreatment, facilitating appropriate implementation of prevention and treatment interventions.
Objectif: Identifier les facteurs démographiques, et ceux liés à la famille, aux parents et à l’enfant, associés de façon prospective au risque de maltraitance et de négligence parmi les familles de la communauté, à partir des données sur la maltraitance à partir des sources officielles et des auto-signalements de jeunes.
Méthode: Un échantillon représentatif de 644 familles à New York a fait l’objet à 4 reprises entre 1975 et 1992 d’études évaluant les variables démographiques, les relations familiales, le comportement parental, les caractéristiques des parents et des enfants. Les données sur la maltraitance ont été obtenues à partir des données de l’Etat de New York et de tests rétrospectifs auto-administrés appliqués à des jeunes de 18 ans ou plus.
Résultats: Les analyses logistiques régressives indiquent que différents types de facteurs de risque prédisent la maltraitance physique, l’abus sexuel et la négligence, bien que le jeune ǎge et la sociopathie des mères étaient des facteurs prédictifss pour les 3 formes de maltraitance. La prévalence de la maltraitance ou de la négligence augmente de 3% sans facteur de risque à 24% lorsque 4 facteurs de risque ou plus sont présents. Les données de l’Etat et les auto-signalements de maltraitance ne correspondaient pas dans la plupart des cas où la maltraitance avait été signalée à partir d’une source au moins, soulignant l’importance de la récolte de données à partir de sources officielles et d’auto-signalements.
Conclusion: L’évaluation d’un certain nombre de facteurs de risque peut aider les professionels de la santé à identifier les parents et les enfants qui présentent un risque élevé de maltraiter leur enfant, facilitant ainsi l’organisation d’interventions préventives et thérapeutiques.
Objetivo: Identificar factores infantiles, demográficos, familiares y parentales, asociados prospectivamente con riesgo de abuso y negligencia a los niños de familias en la comunidad; utilizando datos sobre maltrato infantil obtenidos tanto de récords oficiales como de auto-reportes juveniles.
Método: Se les administró en cuatro ocasiones entre 1975 y 1992, a una muestra representativa de 644 familias del estado de Nueva York encuestas evaluandovariables demográficas, de las relaciones familiares, la conducta parental y las caracterı́sticas de los padres y los hijos. Los datos sobre el abuso y la negligencia a los niños se obtuvieron de los nuevos récords del estado de Nueva York e instrumentos de auto-reportes retrospectivos administrados cuando los jóvenes tenı́an 18 años de edad o mayores.
Resultados: Análisis logı́sticos de regresión indicaron que los diferentes patrones en los factores de riesgo predecı́an la ocurrencia de abuso fı́sico, abuso sexual y negligencia; a pesar de que la maternidad joven, la maternidad y la sociopatı́a maternal predecı́an la ocureencia de todas las tres formas de maltrato a los niños. Además, la prevalencia del abuso o la negligencia a los niños aumentaba en 3% cuando estaban presente factores de riesgo al 24% cuando estaban presente cuatro o más de los factores de riesgo. En la mayorı́a de los casos los récords del estado y los auto-reportes de maltrato a los niños no correspondı́an cuando el maltrato habı́a sido reportado a través de por lo menos una fuente de datos, subrayando la importancia de obtener datos tanto de récords oficiales como de auto-reportes.
Conclusiones: La evaluación de un número de factores de riesgo puede permitirle a los profesionales de la salud identificar los padres e hijos que están en alto riesgo de maltrato a los niños, facilitando la implementación de intervenciones adecuadas de prevención y tratamiento.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
To retrospectively examine the association between the inclusion of epidemiologic information in lumbar spine magnetic resonance (MR) imaging reports regarding findings in asymptomatic individuals ...and the rates of subsequent cross-sectional imaging and treatments in patients with low back pain or radiculopathy referred for imaging by primary care providers.
Institutional review board approval was received for a retrospective chart review, with waiver of informed consent and HIPAA authorization. During 3 years, an epidemiologic statement was routinely but arbitrarily included in lumbar spine MR imaging reports. Two hundred thirty-seven reports documenting uncomplicated degenerative changes on initial lumbar spine MR images were identified, 71 (30%) of which included the statement (statement group) and 166 (70%) did not (nonstatement group). The rates of repeat cross-sectional imaging and treatments within 1 year were compared between groups by using logistic regression controlling for severity of MR imaging findings.
Patients in the statement group were significantly less likely to receive a prescription for narcotics for their symptoms than patients in the nonstatement group (odds ratio = 0.29, P = .01). Repeat cross-sectional imaging and physical therapy referrals were also less common in the statement group than in the nonstatement group (odds ratio = 0.22 and 0.55, respectively), but these differences were not statistically significant (P = .14 and .06, respectively). Rates of steroid injections, surgical consultations, and surgeries were similar between groups.
Patients were less likely to receive narcotics prescriptions from primary care providers when epidemiologic information was included in their lumbar spine MR imaging reports.
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