Hand photography has been used in a number of studies to determine the presence and severity of hand osteoarthritis (HOA). The aim of this study was to present age and gender specific prevalences of ...HOA diagnosed by this method.
Six thousand three hundred forty three photographs (from 3676 females and 2667 males aged 40-96) were scored for hand osteoarthritis by a 0-3 grade (0 = no evidence of OA, 1 = possible OA, 2 = definite OA and 3 = severe OA) for each of the three main sites, distal interphalangeal joints (DIP), proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP) and thumb base (CMC1). An aggregate score of 0-9 was thus obtained (HOASCORE) to reflect the severity of HOA in each case.
DIP joints were most commonly affected, followed by the thumb base and the PIP joints. Having definite DIP joint OA starts at a younger age compared with the other two sites, and there is a marked female preponderance in the age groups from 55 to 69, but after 70 the gender differences are less marked and the prevalence is fairly stable. PIP joint prevalence also indicates a female preponderance from 60 to 79. Thumb base OA has a more marked female preponderance and a rising prevalence thoughout life. The prevalence of individuals with no evidence of photographic OA (HOASCORE = 0) drops from 88% to 57% between the age categories 40-49 and 50-54 and decreased to 33% in the 70-74 age group with a slower decline after that age. DIP and PIP prevalence were strongly associated with each other with an OR of 16.6(12.8-21.5),p < 0.001 of having definite OA at the other site. This was less marked for the thumb base with an OR of 2.2(1.8-2.7, p < 0.001), and 2.7(2.0-3.5, p < 0.001) of having definite DIP or PIP HOA respectively.
The prevalence of hand OA in DIP, PIP and thumb base joints obtained by the photographic HOASCORE method is higher in women and increases after the age of fifty. These results are in line with those obtained by clinical examination and radiography. The advantage of the method lies in easy applicability and low cost.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Five pairs of novel chiral alcohol functionalised gold(
i
) and gold(
iii
) NHC complexes derived from chiral amino alcohols, were synthesized and characterised (NMR, IR, HRMS). Single crystal X-ray ...diffraction data of gold(
i
) and gold(
iii
) complexes are reported and discussed. The chiral imidazolium preligands were readily synthesized
via
the oxalamides, subsequent reduction and final orthoformate condensation. An improved method was used for generation of gold(
i
) NHC complexes (up to 92%) and further oxidation afforded the corresponding gold(
iii
) NHC complexes (up to 99%). All the Au(
i
) and Au(
iii
) NHC complexes proved far more catalytically active in a 1,6-enyne alkoxycyclization test reaction than our previously tested
N
,
N
- and
P
,
N
-ligated Au(
iii
) complexes. Comparative gold(
i
) and gold(
iii
) catalytic studies demonstrated different catalytic ability, depending on the NHC ligand flexibility and bulkiness. Excellent yields (92-99%) of target alkoxycyclization product were obtained with both gold(
i
) and gold(
iii
) complexes with the bulky
N
1
-Mes-
N
2
-ethanol based NHC ligand.
The studies cover synthesis of chiral NHC pre-ligands; generation of Au(
i
)/Au(
iii
) NHC complexes; screening of catalytic ability and XRD characterization.
Detailed knowledge of how diversity in the sequence of the human genome affects phenotypic diversity depends on a comprehensive and reliable characterization of both sequences and phenotypic ...variation. Over the past decade, insights into this relationship have been obtained from whole-exome sequencing or whole-genome sequencing of large cohorts with rich phenotypic data
. Here we describe the analysis of whole-genome sequencing of 150,119 individuals from the UK Biobank
. This constitutes a set of high-quality variants, including 585,040,410 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, representing 7.0% of all possible human single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and 58,707,036 indels. This large set of variants allows us to characterize selection based on sequence variation within a population through a depletion rank score of windows along the genome. Depletion rank analysis shows that coding exons represent a small fraction of regions in the genome subject to strong sequence conservation. We define three cohorts within the UK Biobank: a large British Irish cohort, a smaller African cohort and a South Asian cohort. A haplotype reference panel is provided that allows reliable imputation of most variants carried by three or more sequenced individuals. We identified 895,055 structural variants and 2,536,688 microsatellites, groups of variants typically excluded from large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies. Using this formidable new resource, we provide several examples of trait associations for rare variants with large effects not found previously through studies based on whole-exome sequencing and/or imputation.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Bone area is one measure of bone size that is easily derived from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. In a GWA study of DXA bone area of the hip and lumbar spine (N ≥ 28,954), we find ...thirteen independent association signals at twelve loci that replicate in samples of European and East Asian descent (N = 13,608 - 21,277). Eight DXA area loci associate with osteoarthritis, including rs143384 in GDF5 and a missense variant in COL11A1 (rs3753841). The strongest DXA area association is with rs11614913T in the microRNA MIR196A2 gene that associates with lumbar spine area (P = 2.3 × 10
, β = -0.090) and confers risk of hip fracture (P = 1.0 × 10
, OR = 1.11). We demonstrate that the risk allele is less efficient in repressing miR-196a-5p target genes. We also show that the DXA area measure contributes to the risk of hip fracture independent of bone density.
Since publication of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for management of hand osteoarthritis (OA) in 2007 new evidence has emerged. The aim was to update these ...recommendations. EULAR standardised operating procedures were followed. A systematic literature review was performed, collecting the evidence regarding all non-pharmacological, pharmacological and surgical treatment options for hand OA published to date. Based on the evidence and expert opinion from an international task force of 19 physicians, healthcare professionals and patients from 10 European countries formulated overarching principles and recommendations. Level of evidence, grade of recommendation and level of agreement were allocated to each statement. Five overarching principles and 10 recommendations were agreed on. The overarching principles cover treatment goals, information provision, individualisation of treatment, shared decision-making and the need to consider multidisciplinary and multimodal (non-pharmacological, pharmacological, surgical) treatment approaches. Recommendations 1-3 cover different non-pharmacological treatment options (education, assistive devices, exercises and orthoses). Recommendations 4-8 describe the role of different pharmacological treatments, including topical treatments (preferred over systemic treatments, topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) being first-line choice), oral analgesics (particularly NSAIDs to be considered for symptom relief for a limited duration), chondroitin sulfate (for symptom relief), intra-articular glucocorticoids (generally not recommended, consider for painful interphalangeal OA) and conventional/biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (discouraged). Considerations for surgery are described in recommendation 9. The last recommendation relates to follow-up. The presented EULAR recommendations provide up-to-date guidance on the management of hand OA, based on expert opinion and research evidence.
Studies on gold-nitrone systems Jónsson, Helgi Freyr; Fiksdahl, Anne
Dalton transactions : an international journal of inorganic chemistry,
2019, Volume:
48, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A series of novel Au(i)-nitrone complexes with specific catalytic properties were prepared. Furthermore, Au(i)- and Au(iii)-oxadiazole complexes were formed by a novel Au-generated nitrile-nitrone 3 ...+ 2 cycloaddition, and the crystal structures of Au(i)-nitrones as well as the Au(i)- and Au(iii)-oxadiazole complexes were studied (X-ray). A useful one-pot Au(iii)-mediated cycloaddition method was developed for the formation of a number of dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, involving in situ formation of Au(iii)-oxadiazole complexes. The observed Au(i) and Au(iii) dual selective reactivity gives new understanding about the Au(i)- and Au(iii)-nitrone chemistry.
We describe a simple two-phase flow reactor which allows for the rapid synthesis of several Au(
i
)-NHC complexes in high yields (>88%), under mild conditions, and with minimal workup. Translation of ...the standard weak base method to a two-phase flow reaction prevents the common problem of decomposition to Au(0). The reaction can be scaled up more than ten-fold without loss in conversion efficiency. An optional second stage allows for direct synthesis of Au(
iii
)-NHC complexes, without isolation of the Au(
i
)-NHC intermediate, with a two-step isolated yield of 82%.
We demonstrate a flow reactor capable of synthesising Au-NHC complexes rapidly and with minimal workup.
Recent research in northern Iceland has highlighted a significant period of rock slope instability during the early Holocene due to the combined effects of postglacial rebound, relative sea-level ...fall, and glacially oversteepened mountain slopes. Using the Vatn landslide (Skagafjörður, central northern Iceland) as an example, this paper focuses on this period and describes the sequence of events that led to landsliding. Geomorphic mapping, stratigraphical evidence, and both radiocarbon and tephra dating were applied. Collectively, the data acquired indicate that the landslide occurred between 11,400 and 10,790 cal. yr BP. However, while rock slope failure represents a significant disintegration of mountain slopes, this study suggests that large postglacial landslides might also play a role in arresting sediment transport from other hillslope processes rather than contributing large volumes of sediment.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
