Competency-based gastrointestinal endoscopy training is concerned with outcomes of the learning experience. Feedback allows for trainees to achieve the expected outcomes. However, little is known ...about trainees' experience of receiving feedback. Gaining understanding of their experience could help improve feedback practices. The study was conducted to explore what it means for adult gastroenterology trainees to receive feedback on their performance of endoscopy in the workplace.
An interpretative phenomenological approach was used. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with six trainees from three Canadian adult gastroenterology residency programs. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis. Analysis was conducted to identify the phenomenological themes across participants' accounts of lived experience to provide an insight into the meaning of experiencing the studied phenomenon.
Three phenomenological themes of experience were identified:
and
. Taking pauses allowed for participants to receive feedback on their performance of endoscopy. Participants needed to negotiate attending gastroenterologists' different understandings of gastrointestinal endoscopy while carrying their own whenever feedback was provided. They had to accept the asymmetry between the roles of care provider and learner as well.
The study has captured the uniqueness and the complexity of the lived experience of receiving feedback on the performance of endoscopy in the workplace from the perspective of study participants. The gained understanding of this experience has enabled the authors to suggest how attending gastroenterologists' feedback practices may be improved.
In dairy goat kids, weaning is often associated with poor growth leading to a decline in welfare and performance; however, little is known about optimal weaning practices. This study aimed to ...determine the optimal weaning age for dairy goat kids to maximize outcome measures of welfare related to growth, feed intake, and behavior. Thirty-six newborn female Alpine kids were blocked by weight and birth date, paired with a similar male companion and randomly allocated to one of the three weaning age treatments: 6 (6W), 8 (8W), and 10 wk (10W). Kids had ad libitum access to acidified milk replacer refilled twice daily, concentrates, hay, and water. Milk consumption was measured daily, and concentrate consumption, weekly. Ten behaviors were live observed on days -8, -4, 0, 6, and 12 relative to weaning (i.e., weaning day = 0). Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess differences from baseline between the 6W, 8W, and 10W treatments. Post hoc analysis using the Dwass, Steel, Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) multiple comparison analysis was used to evaluate pairwise treatment differences based on two-sample Wilcoxon comparisons. Kids weaned at 10 wk had the greatest increase compared to baseline in concentrate consumption (P = 0.0160), and greatest decrease compared to baseline in vocalization (P = 0.0008) while both 8- and 10- wk kid's groups had the greatest increase compared to baseline in self-grooming time (P < 0.0001), and cross-sucking time (P = 0.0006). Kids weaned at 6 wk of age were found to have the smallest increase compared to baseline in concentrate consumption (P = 0.0160) and self-grooming time (P < 0.0001), and the greatest increase compared to baseline in allogrooming time (P = 0.0032) and in redirected behaviors aimed towards the environment (biting and licking time P = 0.0173; displacement at the nipple frequency P = 0.0236). No negative impact of weaning on growth of either group was identified. Overall, our results tend towards a higher degree of discomfort behaviors (allogrooming, biting/licking, displacement, and vocalizations) in kids weaned earlier compared to later weaning, while kids weaned later showed higher levels of positive behaviors (lying time and self-grooming).
South Africa's economy is confronted by the triple threat of poverty, unemployment, and inequality, all of which have been exacerbated by the country's inability to maintain a positive growth rate. ...The rising globalisation of the world has increased the attractiveness of Foreign Direct Investment for emerging markets. To determine the success of FDI in improving economic growth in the South African economy, a modified Cobb-Douglas function was created using data from 1970 to 2019, with capital disaggregated into a foreign and a domestic component. Domestic investment had a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth when an Autoregressive Distributed Lag model was used;however,FDI and labour productivity had a negative effect, with labour productivity being statistically significant. However, when the lagged values are analysed, FDI produces statistically significant results, demonstrating that foreign capital may take time to materialise completely. Additional application of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test demonstrates that one-way causation exists between FDI and economic growth. This suggests that while FDI has the potential to be a long-termsolution to South Africa's stunted growth, the concerns of an untrained workforce and inadequate infrastructure must be addressed for FDI to be effectively utilised.
The intracellular accumulation of microtubule-associated protein tau is a characteristic feature of tauopathies, a group of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. Formation of ...insoluble tau aggregates is initiated by the abnormal hyperphosphorylation and oligomerization of tau. Over the past decades, multiple transgenic rodent models mimicking tauopathies have been develop, showcasing this neuropathological hallmark. The biochemical analysis of insoluble tau in these models has served as a valuable tool to understand the progression of tau-related pathology. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive review of the two primary methods for isolating insoluble tau, namely, sarkosyl and formic acid extraction (and their variants), which are employed for biochemical analysis in transgenic mouse models of tauopathy. We also analyze the strengths and limitations of these methods.
Despite the use of various integrated pest management strategies to control the honey bee mite, Varroa destructor, varroosis remains the most important threat to honey bee colony health in many ...countries. In Canada, ineffective varroa control is linked to high winter colony losses and new treatment options, such as a summer treatment, are greatly needed. In this study, a total of 135 colonies located in 6 apiaries were submitted to one of these 3 varroa treatment strategies: (i) an Apivar® fall treatment followed by an oxalic acid (OA) treatment by dripping method; (ii) same as in (i) with a summer treatment consisting of formic acid (Formic Pro™); and (iii) same as in (i) with a summer treatment consisting of slow-release OA/glycerin pads (total of 27 g of OA/colony). Treatment efficacy and their effects on colony performance, mortality, varroa population, and the abundance of 6 viruses (acute bee paralysis virus ABPV, black queen cell virus BQCV, deformed wing virus variant A DWV-A, deformed wing virus variant B DWV-B, Israeli acute paralysis virus IAPV, and Kashmir bee virus KBV) were assessed. We show that a strategy with a Formic Pro summer treatment tended to reduce the varroa infestation rate to below the economic fall threshold of 15 daily varroa drop, which reduced colony mortality significantly but did not reduce the prevalence or viral load of the 6 tested viruses at the colony level. A strategy with glycerin/OA pads reduced hive weight gain and the varroa infestation rate, but not below the fall threshold. A high prevalence of DWV-B was measured in all groups, which could be related to colony mortality.
Honeybees have been used in Europe as environmental bioindicators for heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, their potential has been little explored in North America, ...especially between environments which have similar pollution levels. Many urban residents and stakeholders are concerned with air quality, mainly in regard to gradients of exposure to industrial pollution between deprived and privileged subpopulation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the use of honeybees as bioindicators to assess exposure to heavy metals and PAHs in Québec City, Canada, in different socioeconomic districts of Quebec City (deprivation index). Honeybees were sampled over a 5-month period (May to September) at six locations distributed in two urban areas that are distinct geomorphologically and socioeconomically (lower town socio-economically deprived and upper town socioeconomically privileged) and two control rural locations. Six PAHs were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), while four heavy metals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Arsenic was the only measured pollutant that showed a significant gradient of exposure between rural and urban environments, but also between the two urban areas. Furthermore, we were able to detect significant differences at certain sampling times for heavy metals and PAHs. Overall, the results show that honeybees are sensitive enough to detect differences between the differential urban environments of a city presumed to have similar pollution levels and therefore could be used when potential socio-environmental inequalities are present.
Abstract
Kid rearing is the foundation of goat milk production, yet little is known about how to raise replacement does efficiently to make healthy and productive dairy animals. This study aimed to ...identify the common rearing practices of Canadian commercial dairy goat farms (≥40 goats/farm), from birth to weaning, and to determine best management practices to improve herd performances. A survey was sent to dairy goat producers across Canada by post or email, and 104 respondents were selected for analysis. The 70-questions survey collected information regarding kidding management, care of the newborn, feeding in the preweaning period, housing, weaning and herd performances. Respondents were from Ontario (69%), Quebec (22%) and the Western provinces (9%). Farm sizes ranged from 42 to 2,500 (median: 190) goats, and most producers (64%) were relatively new to goat milk production (≤10 yrs). A large amount of variation in rearing practices was seen across farms. Ad libitum milk was offered on 55% of farms, and there was no consistency as to when concentrates, forages and water were first offered to kids. Weaning criteria was predominantly a mix of age and weight of the kid (36%), followed by age only (27%) and weight only (22%). Weaning age varied between 4.5 and 20 (median: 8) wks and weaning weight varied between 9 and 35 (median: 15) kg. Weaning methods ranged from abrupt (37%) to different progressive strategies (20% skipping milk feedings, 19% reducing milk quantity, and 10% diluting milk with water). This research provides the dairy goat industry with information concerning current common kid rearing practices used on Canadian goat farms, and the lack of consensus indicates that further research is necessary to determine and refine the best kid rearing practices for Canadian farms.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with a complex origin, thought to involve a combination of genetic, biological and environmental factors. Insulin dysfunction ...has emerged as a potential factor contributing to AD pathogenesis, particularly in individuals with diabetes, and among those with insulin deficiency or undergoing insulin therapy. The intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (STZ) is widely used in rodent models to explore the impact of insulin deficiency on AD pathology, although prior research predominantly focused on young animals, with no comparative analysis across different age groups. Our study aimed to fill this gap by analyzing the impact of insulin dysfunction in 7 and 23 months 3xTg-AD mice, that exhibit both amyloid and tau pathologies. Our objective was to elucidate the age-specific consequences of insulin deficiency on AD pathology.
STZ administration led to insulin deficiency in the younger mice, resulting in an increase in cortical amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau aggregation, while tau phosphorylation was not significantly affected. Conversely, older mice displayed an unexpected resilience to the peripheral metabolic impact of STZ, while exhibiting an increase in both tau phosphorylation and aggregation without significantly affecting amyloid pathology. These changes were paralleled with alterations in signaling pathways involving tau kinases and phosphatases. Several markers of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity declined with age in 3xTg-AD mice, which might have facilitated a direct neurotoxic effect of STZ in older mice.
Overall, our research confirms the influence of insulin signaling dysfunction on AD pathology, but also advises careful interpretation of data related to STZ-induced effects in older animals.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
On 25 July 2022, the Continuing Professional Development (CPD) Special Interest Group of the Association for Medical Education in Europe came together to open up discussions during a live webinar on ...'Exploring the Evolution of CPD'. The objective was to bring together global medical educators to consider perspectives of CPD from the role of global lifelong learners, the role of educators and the role of education providers and health regulators. The landscape of CPD is evolving, and the roles of each key player must include specific actions for facilitated change. Delivering competency outcomes-based learning, fit for purpose, to lifelong learners in health will require (1) learner agency, (2) leadership from educators and (3) providers of lifelong learning to come together to improve delivery of CPD that leads to meaningful change in practice care delivery.
Combined evidence from neuroimaging and neuropathological studies shows that signs of vascular pathology and brain hypoperfusion develop early in Alzheimer's disease (AD). To investigate the ...functional implication of these abnormalities, we have studied the cerebrovascular volume and selected markers of blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity in 11-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice, using the in situ brain perfusion technique. The cerebrovascular volume of distribution of two vascular space markers, 3H-inulin and 14C-sucrose, was significantly lower (−26% and −27%, respectively; p<0.01) in the brain of 3×Tg-AD mice compared to non-transgenic littermates. The vascular volume reduction was significant in the hippocampus (p<0.01), but not in the frontal cortex and cerebellum. However, the brain transport coefficient (Clup) of 14C-d-glucose (1μM) and 3H-diazepam was similar between 3×Tg-AD mice and controls, suggesting no difference in the functional integrity of the BBB. We also report a 32% increase (p<0.001) in the thickness of basement membranes surrounding cortical microvessels along with a 20% increase (p<0.05) of brain collagen content in 3×Tg-AD mice compared to controls. The present data indicate that the cerebrovascular space is reduced in a mouse model of Aβ and tau accumulation, an observation consistent with the presence of cerebrovascular pathology in AD.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
