Harris hawks optimization (HHO) algorithm inspired by the cooperative behavior and chasing style of harris’ hawks in nature called surprise pounce is a relatively novel swarm intelligent optimization ...algorithm. Due to its simplicity and efficiency, the canonical HHO has displayed promising performance on a large number of continuous optimization problems and real-world optimization problems. However, how to balance contradictions between the exploration and exploitation capabilities and alleviate the premature convergence are two critical concerns that need to be dealt with in the HHO study. To address these two drawbacks, improve the optimization performance, and broaden its application domain, a dynamic multi-swarm differential learning Harris hawks optimizer (DMSDL-HHO) is proposed in this paper. To efficiently maintain the population diversity, the whole population is divided into many small sub-swarms, which are regrouped periodically, and information is exchanged among the swarms. In each generation, the differential evolution operator (including mutation, crossover, and selection operators) based on the personal historical best position is merged into each sub-swarm to augment the exploration capability, while the Quasi-Newton method as a local searcher is used to enhance the exploitation capability. Besides, aiming to prevent the algorithm from falling into local optima to some extent, the differential mutation operator candidate pool strategy is introduced into the late stage of the search process. Thus, different individuals in the same population can conduct distinct search behaviors in each generation, and the same individual can perform various search behaviors in different generations. The proposed algorithm is tested on 23 classic test functions and 30 CEC2014 benchmark functions and is compared with quite a few state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of often-used performance metrics with the help of statistical analysis, diversity measurement, exploration–exploitation investigations, ranking statistics, and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test (WSRT). The experimental results verify the superior performance of the embedded strategies on balancing the exploration capability and the exploitation capability. In addition, the DMSDL-HHO is applied to the optimal dispatch problem of cascade hydropower stations (ODPCHS) based on a novel constraints handling method designed in this paper to demonstrate its good practicability and performance. The experimental results of a case study on the optimal dispatch problem of China’s Wujiang cascade hydropower stations show that DMSDL-HHO can obtain better and more reliable optimal results than the canonical HHO and other compared algorithms. Moreover, the convergence speed of DMSDL-HHO is also competitive in contrast to other algorithms. Therefore, it can be concluded that DMSDL-HHO is a promising alternative tool for solving complex continuous optimization problems and real-world optimization problems with complex constraints.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Several studies have focused on incorporating language models with entity descriptions to facilitate the model with a better understanding of knowledge. Existing methods usually either integrate ...descriptions in the pre-training stage by designing description-related tasks, or in the fine-tuning stage by directly appending description strings to the original input, this paper falls into the latter group. We separate entity descriptions from the original text and process them by another lighter module. Specifically, we use the original large model to encode the original input, while the lighter module processes the entity descriptions. We also propose a layer-wise fusion strategy to deeply couple the representations of the input and descriptions. To further improve the fusion of the two representations, we explore two auxiliary tasks: the entity-description enhancement task and the entity contrastive task. Experiments on (Open Entity, FIGER, FewRel, TACRED, SST) datasets yield respective improvements of (0.9, 1.4, 0.6, 0.5, 0.3). Utilizing ChatGPT as the description embedding method holds the potential for even more promising results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Room temperature methane (CH4) gas sensing properties of Au-decorated vanadium oxide (VOx) nanostructured films have been prepared by dc-magnetron sputtering of V metal, followed by rapid thermal ...annealing (RTA) in O2 atmosphere from 470 °C to 500 °C on the sapphire substrate. The structural properties of the Au/VOx films were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vanadium oxide phases were found and identified as VOx. The films showed a cracking and porous morphology structure, measured by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The CH4-sensing properties of the sensor based on Au/VOx composite films were carried out in the temperatures span ranging from room temperature (∼25 °C) to 100 °C. The films sensors achieved their maximum response values toward CH4 at room temperature (RT) and the optimal concentration at the concentration of 1500 ppm. At RT, the sensor exhibited higher gas response, good repeatability and excellent selectivity characteristics toward CH4 gas due to its high specific surface area, special structure, and large amounts of oxygen vacancies. Obtained results revealed that the Au/VOx films sensors showed a broad commercial applications prospect to detect CH4 in the field of RT.
•Au/VOx films were prepared involving sputtering and rapid thermal annealing.•A mixture of vanadium dioxide and vanadium pentoxide were synthesized.•The Au/VOx films methane sensor could operate at room temperature (∼25 °C).•The optimal operating concentration was obtained at 1500 ppm toward methane.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
OBJECTIVE：The theory of lung being connected with large intestine,which is a major topic in Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）,has guided clinical practice for thousands of years in China.METHODS：In ...this study,we analyzed the history,main contents,clinical application,and material basis of the theory,to attempt to improve the potential clinical significance of ＂lung being connected with large intestine＂ in China.RESULTS：The lung being connected with large intestine was first described in ＂Huang Di Nei Jing＂,and formed one of the basic theories of TCM.For thousands of years,the majority of TCM practitioners explored this theory continuously,leading to its development and use as an important theory in the guidance of TCM clinics In the last decade,researchers in the field of integrated TCM and Western medicine have studied clinical applications and biomedical mechanisms with experimental methods to explore the implications of the theory.CONCLUSION：With the further development of science and technology,research concerning the theory of lung being connected with large intestine will be greatly stimulated and contribute to the modernization of TCM.
Research developments in environmental electrochemistry and their potential to contribute to a cleaner environment are reviewed here for wastewater treatment applications. Most environmental ...pollutants can be successfully eliminated or converted to non-toxic materials by one or more processes, including electrochemical oxidation, electrochemical reduction, electrocoagulation and electrocoagulation/flotation, electrodialysis, and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes. Specific examples of applications for pollutant removal and reclamation of wastewater are given for the different processes, along with research needs and improvements for commercial application of these electrochemical processes.
Electrochemical processes that can be used for wastewater treatment and resource reclamation are reviewed with suggestions for future research directions.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
With considering the distance-dependent diffusion coefficient, a one-dimensional contaminant diffusion model was developed. An analytical solution was obtained by using the orthogonal expansion ...method. The corresponding program was compiled on the basis of the proposed solution, and the effect of the relevant parameters on contaminant transport was analyzed. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficient has complex effects on the transport of contaminants. On one hand, the initial diffusion coefficient and heterogeneity parameter will affect the time of contaminant concentration reaches steady state, and on the other hand, the heterogeneity parameter affects the concentration of steady state. In addition, the influence of related parameters on the bottom flux of contaminant was discussed. The proposed analytical solution can be used for verification of complicated numerical models and experimental data fitting.
It has been reported that chromatin regulators (CRs), as one of the essential upstream regulators of tumor development, were screened to construct a prognostic model for predicting the outcome of ...tumor patients. However, the prognostic model based on CRs-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in esophageal cancer (EC) has never been researched. This study aims to construct a novel CRs-related lncRNA signature to evaluate the prognostic ability of EC patients. We obtained the transcriptome data and clinical information of patients with EC from the Cancer Genome Atlas database, 870 CRs-related genes from previous topic research. Univariate, multivariate Cox, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analyses were used to establish the risk model. The receiver operating characteristic curve, principal component analysis, nomogram, quantitative real-time PCR were performed to evaluate the independence and accuracy of the model. The biological functions and immune microenvironment of the risk model were analyzed by gene set enrichment analyses and R softwares. A novel 3 CRs-related lncRNAs risk model composed of AC079684.1, TMEM75, LINC00365, as an independent and superior factor, was established for prognosis prediction of EC patients. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis verified upregulated AC079684.1 and TMEM75 mRNA levels and downregulated LINC00365 mRNA level in EC tissues compared with normal tissues. Gene set enrichment analysis analysis displayed Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes and gene ontology pathways enriched in risk groups, such as focal adhesion, pathways in cancer, epidermal cell differentiation. Immune cells and immune checkpoints were more likely to be activated in the high-risk group. Finally, we found most of the compounds in the high-risk group exhibited higher sensitivity through therapeutic drug screening. The 3 CRs-related lncRNAs risk model could independently predict the prognosis of EC and provide immunotherapy guidance for patients with EC.
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•Fe-CNT system was first applied to remove tetracycline efficiently.•In-situ particles monitoring technology were utilized to analysis the flocs.•CNT cathode could promote Fenton ...reaction and weaken electro-flotation.•Mechanism and proposed pathway of tetracycline removal by Fe-CNT system were studied.
In this work, an efficient electrochemical system (Fe-CNT system) for the treatment of tetracycline (TC) was constructed using Fe plate anode and carbon nanotube (CNT) roller cathode. Compared with the traditional Fe-Fe electrocoagulation (EC) system, this Fe-CNT system exhibited higher TC removal rate and shorter reaction time. The best removal rate of 97.21% was achieved at pH of 7, the conductivity of 500 μS cm−1, initial TC concentration of 50 mg L-1, the voltage of 5 V, and reaction time of 25 min. The results demonstrated that the removal rate of total organic carbon was 52.79% at 25 min and 82.84% at 60 min, respectively. The excellent performance of the Fe-CNT system was mainly due to the use of CNT cathode slowed down the floatation in the system, which was conducive to the aggregation and growth of flocs. As a result, the flocs with larger size and more loose structure showed stronger adsorption and aggregation to organic molecules. At the same time, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide in-situ produced was in the range of 7.76 mg L-1 and 30.17 mg L-1. Furthermore, hydroxyl radical as the primary active specie was also produced on the cathode surface by electro-Fenton reaction, which could degrade TC rapidly. In addition, the intermediates involved in the degradation process of TC were identified, and the possible degradation paths were proposed. This work provides insights for improving the cathode utilization rate and removal ability of organic matter and adds a feasible option for the practical application of EC technology.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We extend the popular Jukes-Cantor evolution model and calculate the probability of an orthologous nucleotide sequence set a reference sequence (
) stays with the other sequences (
), where the ...sequence evolution from a last common ancestral sequence (
) follows the (prospective) Poisson process with the overall event rate
prorated among mutation types (nucleotide/codon substitution, insertion, and deletion) and sites along each sequence. The corresponding retrospective process (reversing the prospective process) facilitates developing algorithms to calculate the marginal probability Pr(
) (Monte Carlo integration) and sample
(given
). We calculate probability Pr(
) based on the identified events (during "
") from pairwise sequence alignment to implement Pr(
|
) calculation (Monte Carlo integration). Event queue sampling and probability magnifiers are used to improve the computational efficiency when the number of events is large. We finally test our procedure on both simulated and recently studied hexapod transcriptome data (Brandt et al.), where each asexual lineage pairs with its closest related sexual lineage. Rate estimates (for
and
) and model comparison indicate that the asexual lineages likely mutate several times faster than their sexual relatives.
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