ReRAM is a promising next-generation nonvolatile memory (NVM) with fast write speed and low-power operation. However, ReRAM faces two major challenges in read operations: 1) low read yield due to ...wide resistance distribution and 2) the requirement of accurate bit line (BL) bias voltage control to prevent read disturbance. This study proposes two process-variation-tolerant schemes for current-mode read operation of ReRAM: parallel-series reference-cell (PSRC) and process-temperature-aware dynamic BL-bias (PTADB) schemes. These schemes are meant to improve the read speed and yield of ReRAM, while taking read disturbance into consideration. PSRC narrows the reference current distribution to achieve high read yield against resistance variation. PTADB achieves small fluctuations in BL bias voltage to prevent read disturbance, while providing rapid BL precharge speeds. This study fabricated a 4-Mb ReRAM macro to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed schemes for both SLC and MLC operations. The fastest sub-8-ns (7.2 ns) read-write random access time among megabit scaled embedded NVM macros has been demonstrated.
Insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 (IMP3) is an RNA‐binding protein expressed in embryonic tissues and multiple cancers. To investigate the role of IMP3 in hepatocellular carcinoma ...(HCC), its protein expression in the surgically resected unifocal tumors of 377 HCC patients (296 men and 81 women) with ages ranging from 7 to 88 years (mean, 55.49 years) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. IMP3 was expressed in 255 (67.6%) of 377 resected unifocal primary HCCs. IMP3 protein was predominantly expressed in tumor border and invasive front, and it was more abundant in the satellite nodules and tumor thrombi than in the main tumors. The expression correlated with high α‐fetoprotein (>200 ng/mL, P < 1 × 10−7), larger tumor size (>5 cm, P = 0.006), high tumor grade (P < 1 × 10−7), and high tumor stage with vascular invasion and various degrees of intrahepatic metastasis (P < 1 × 10−7). IMP3 expression predicted early tumor recurrence (P < 1 × 10−7) and was a strong indicator of poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Depletion of IMP3 with RNA interference in HCC cell line HA22T caused a decrease in cell motility, invasion, and transendothelial migration. Microarray analysis revealed that IMP3 depletion was associated with downregulation of multiple genes involved in tumor invasion. Conclusion: Our results indicate that IMP3 plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis and is a strong prognostic factor for patients with HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2008.)
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
CD24, a mucin like cell surface adhesion molecule and a ligand for P-selectin, has been reported as a prognostic factor in a variety of human cancers. However, the role of CD24 in gastric ...adenocarcinoma remains largely unknown.
The expression pattern of CD24 in 103 gastric adenocarcinomas (31 diffuse type, 60 intestinal type, and 12 mixed type) was analyzed by immunohistochemistry.
Cytoplasmic CD24 expression occurred in 50% of the gastric adenocarcinoma patients and was associated with high-stage tumor (Stage III-IV, P = .023), serosal invasion (SI, P = .010), lymphovascular invasion (LVI, P = .039), and lower 10-year survival (P = .0238). The CD24 staining pattern was different in intestinal and diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinomas. However, the tumor thrombi in lymphovascular spaces exhibited strong cytoplasmic CD24 expression in both types. Further analysis showed that cytoplasmic CD24 expression was, in fact, correlated with high-stage tumor, SI, LVI, and lower 10-year survival significantly (P = .020, P = .007, P = .018, P = .0285, respectively) in diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma. Moreover, multivariate analysis showed that cytoplasmic CD24 expression was an independent risk factor of SI and LVI respectively (P = .0083 and P = .0019), and thus it contributed to high-stage tumor and poor patient survival in diffuse- or mixed-type gastric adenocarcinoma.
Cytoplasmic expression of CD24 was associated with invasiveness and poorer prognosis and can serve as a novel target for prognostic prediction and adjuvant treatment of patients with diffuse-type gastric adenocarcinoma after tumor resection.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This work proposes process/resistance variation-insensitive read schemes for embedded RRAM to achieve fast read speeds with high yields. An embedded mega-bit scale (4Mb), single-level-cell (SLC) RRAM ...macro with sub-8ns read-write random access time is presented. Multi-level-cell (MLC) operation with 160ns write-verify operation is demonstrated.
The influence of the body layout on the charged device model (CDM) failure site and the robustness of the input buffer is explored. The failure analysis results confirm that the gate oxide is ...damaged. The failure site can be moved from the region above the channel to the overlap region between the source and the gate once the body layout is cut from a ring into a small segment, providing direct evidence demonstrating that the CDM current flows through the gate oxide via the body and the source of the transistor, since both connect to the Vss bus line. Otherwise, changing the body layout of the input buffer transistor does not vary the failure location.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
CD24, a cell surface protein originally identified in hematological malignancy, were found to be expressed in a large variety of solid tumors. It can function as a ligand for P-selectin, an adhesion ...receptor on activated endothelial cells and platelets. Overexpression of CD24 enhances the metastatic potential of cancer cells. We examined the expression of CD24 in 70 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas by immunohistochemistry and correlated the expression with clinicopathological parameters. CD24 was expressed in 36 of 70 (51%) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. The expression did not significantly correlate the tumor size, stage, lymph node and distant metastasis. Patients with CD24 positive tumors had significant shorter survival time. In a multivariant analysis, CD24 expression and tumor stage were independent prognostic factors. Our data suggest that CD24 expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a novel prognostic marker for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
From the experimental measurements, the dominant charge source for a packaged IC chip during a charged-device model (CDM) ESD event is the capacitor between the die-attach plate and the metal bus ...line, C SUB . By adding a bonding wire between the die-attach plate and the Vss pin, a parallel inductor to the C SUB can be created. The CDM-robustness for the packaged IC chip is significantly improved because of this parallel LC resonance circuit.
Carcinoid tumors are a group of heterogeneous tumors with neuroendocrine differentiation and are mainly located in the gastrointestinal tract. A high frequency of cytoplasmic accumulation and/or ...nuclear translocation of beta-catenin with frequent mutations of exon 3 of beta-catenin gene in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor has been previously described, but the role of Wnt/beta-catenin/APC pathway in the genesis of carcinoid tumor remains largely unknown.
To further characterize the role of Wnt/beta-catenin/APC pathway, we investigated 91 gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors and, for comparison, 26 extragastrointestinal carcinoid tumors by immunohistochemical detection of beta-catenin protein and direct sequencing of exon 3 of the beta-catenin gene and exon 15 of the APC gene.
Cytoplasmic accumulation and/or nuclear translocation of beta-catenin were found in 27 gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors (29.7%) but not in any extragastrointestinal carcinoid tumors. Interestingly, neither beta-catenin nor APC gene mutation was detected in all of the cases with nuclear expression of beta-catenin.
Our results indicate that the role beta-catenin plays in the genesis of gastrointestinal and extragastrointestinal carcinoid tumors is different. Nuclear expression of beta-catenin does not occur in extragastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, and mutation of exon 3 of beta-catenin gene and exon 15 of APC gene does not contribute to the activation of Wnt/beta-catenin/APC pathway in gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A new enhanced displacement-current triggering by adding floating P+ diffusions at each source finger edge for the HV LDNMOSFET is proposed. Unlike the conventional substrate-triggered ESD protection ...technologies, it is very easy to implement the scheme by the layout without any special circuit and additional component. With a total width of 1600 μm, the HBM/ MM ESD performance improvements from 1.5 kV/ 150 V to 5.5 kV/ 450 V are achieved.
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