Our new molecular dynamics (MD) simulation program, MODYLAS, is a general-purpose program appropriate for very large physical, chemical, and biological systems. It is equipped with most standard MD ...techniques. Long-range forces are evaluated rigorously by the fast multipole method (FMM) without using the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Several new methods have also been developed for extremely fine-grained parallelism of the MD calculation. The virtually buffering-free methods for communications and arithmetic operations, the minimal communication latency algorithm, and the parallel bucket-relay communication algorithm for the upper-level multipole moments in the FMM realize excellent scalability. The methods for blockwise arithmetic operations avoid data reload, attaining very small cache miss rates. Benchmark tests for MODYLAS using 65 536 nodes of the K-computer showed that the overall calculation time per MD step including communications is as short as about 5 ms for a 10 million-atom system; that is, 35 ns of simulation time can be computed per day. The program enables investigations of large-scale real systems such as viruses, liposomes, assemblies of proteins and micelles, and polymers.
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Murata et al. (2014) reported the wind for cutaneous sensation with vibration for vestibule could occur perceived self-motion. The authors of this study have compared perceived self-motion by ...cutaneous sensation with actual body transfer. Komatsu et al. (2015) found the occurrence of perceived self-motion was facilitated when the direction of wind was corresponded with the direction of transfer. This study investigated the condition that the wind from front and behind blew at the same time.
It was shown that the self-motion perception (i.e., vection) with cutaneous inputs was influenced by the “change” (with or without) of the wind intensity which is applied to the participants’ ...face.(Murata et al., 2015). The present study aimed to investigate whether the change of the cutaneous intensity (“approaching to” or “leaving from” the wind source) would also influence the vection. The former condition is that the source itself was moved to the participant sitting on an aero bike (which is placed on a board). The latter condition is that the source was moved away from the participant. In both conditions, the wind intensity was manipulated by continuously changing the distance from the source to the face. A constant vibration was applied to the participants via the board in such a way that the participants received simulated vestibular stimulations. The latency and duration were measured as indices of the vection. The result showed that the vection appeared to be faster in the “leaving” condition compared to the “approaching” condition.
Murata et al. (2014) reported the wind for cutaneous sensation with vibration for vestibule could occur perceived self-motion. This study compared active motion with passive motion in the case of ...perceived self-motion by cutaneous sensation with vestibule. As results, in active motion condition, perceived self-motion became harder to occur. But, when wind was blown to a participant, duration of perceived self-motion became longer.
Cutaneous stimulation (i.e., wind blowing to the participants' face) accompanied with a constant vestibular stimulus (vibration) to their body induced perceived self-motion (Murata et al., 2014). In ...the present study, the intensity of the wind was manipulated by continuously changing the distance from the source of the wind to the face. There were two experimental conditions of this manipulation: One was the condition to move the source of the wind toward the participant sitting on a chair (placed on a board), and another was to move the participant toward the source. Additionally two control-conditions without stimulus intensity changes by keeping the same distance between the source and face were used: These were the condition of moving both the source and participant on the board, and the condition of no moving but providing vibrations (that was subjectively identical to the board moving per se) to the chair. The latency, duration, and subjective rating were measured as indices of perceived self-motion. After each trial, the participants were also asked to indicate the direction and distance of perceived self-motion. The result showed that the incremental increases of stimulus intensity induced stronger self-motion perception.
About the perception of causality, a lot of researches of Albert Michotte are famous. Phenomenal causality is perception of the motive power of an object. It appears to move by itself or something ...other's power. Michotte showed that the verbal descriptions of perceived causal relation changed only by the changes in the conditions on vision. Michotte believed that our perception was not limited by the elements of sensation, and our perceived world was meaningful. At that time, the hypothesis of perceptual causality based on the elementalism is predominant. For Michotte, it was necessary to resist it. However, the kind of relations that we perceive is not limited to the causal relation. This paper doesn't limit to causal relation and discusses the perceptual organization of meaning more widely.
Vection by cutaneous sensation Murata, Kayoko; Komatsu, Hidemi
The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association,
2018/09/25
Journal Article
It was shown that the self-motion perception (i.e., vection) with cutaneous inputs was influenced by the “change” (with or without) of the wind intensity which is applied to the participants’ ...face.(Murata et al., 2015). The present study aimed to investigate whether the change of the cutaneous intensity (“approaching to” or “leaving from” the wind source) would also influence the vection. The former condition is that the source itself was moved to the participant sitting on an aero bike (which is placed on a board). The latter condition is that the source was moved away from the participant. In both conditions, the wind intensity was manipulated by continuously changing the distance from the source to the face. A constant vibration was applied to the participants via the board in such a way that the participants received simulated vestibular stimulations. The latency and duration were measured as indices of the vection. The result showed that the vection appeared to be faster in the “leaving” condition compared to the “approaching” condition.
実験参加者に一定の前庭刺激（振動）を与えた状態で，顔の皮膚に当たる風の強度を実験的に操作したところ，「刺激強度変化の有無」が自己運動知覚に影響を及ぼすことが確認された（ Murata et al. , 2015）．この結果を受けて本研究では，皮膚刺激の強弱（接近・後退）変化が自己運動知覚に影響するか否かを検討した．実験条件は，風の発生源を参加者に近づける条件と，遠ざける条件の 2つであった．今回の実験では参加者が座るエアロバイクを乗せた台は移動しないが，実際に台が移動した場合の振動と同等の強度の振動を台に与え，これを前庭刺激とした．自己運動知覚の指標としては，反応潜時，持続時間を測定した．実験結果は刺激が近づく条件よりも遠ざかる条件においてより速く自己運動知覚が生じることを示した．
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