Shiga toxin-producing
(STEC) is one of the major foodborne pathogens. Having observed the wide distribution of this pathogen in wild deer, we report here the draft genome sequence of five STEC ...strains isolated from wild deer (
) in Hokkaido, Japan.
A survey was conducted to examine the prevalence of
Arcobacter species among meat samples and to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates in Japan. In 1998 and 1999, samples of ...beef (
n=90), pork (
n=100) and chicken meat (
n=100) were purchased from seven retail shops.
Arcobacter species were isolated from 2.2%, 7.0% and 23.0% of beef, pork and chicken meat samples, respectively. The rate of isolations in chicken meats was shown to be significantly higher than those of beef and pork. Species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) demonstrated that the most dominant
Arcobacter species was
Arcobacter butzleri among the isolates examined. Multiple contaminations with different
Arcobacter species were observed in 5% of the chicken samples. Almost all the strains tested showed resistance to vancomycin (100%) and methicillin (97.5%). Strains resistant to cephalothin, sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol were detected at the rate of 81.1%, 67.2%, 53.5% and 24.6%, respectively. All
Arcobacter strains examined were susceptible to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and kanamycin.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Two bacterial strains, Fuji 18-1(T) and Fuji 23-1(T), were isolated from the blood of the small Japanese field mouse (Apodemus argenteus) and the large Japanese field mouse (Apodemus speciosus), ...respectively, specimens of which were captured in the forest of Mount Fuji, Japan. Phenotypic characterization (growth conditions, incubation periods, biochemical properties and cell morphologies), DNA G+C contents (40.1 mol% for strain Fuji 18-1(T) and 40.4 mol% for strain Fuji 23-1(T)) and sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA genes indicated that both strains were members of the genus Bartonella. Using rpoB and gltA sequencing analysis, the highest sequence similarities between strains Fuji 18-1(T), Fuji 23-1(T) and other recognized species of the genus Bartonella showed values considerably lower than 91.4 % and 89.9 % in the rpoB gene and 89.1 % and 90.4 % in the gltA gene, respectively. It is known that similarities of 95.4 % for the rpoB gene and 96.0 % for the gltA gene can be applied as cut-off values for the designation of novel species of the genus Bartonella. In a phylogenetic tree based on the merged set of concatenated sequences of seven loci 16S rRNA, ftsZ, gltA, groEL, ribC and rpoB genes and the intergenic spacer region (ITS), strains Fuji 18-1(T) and Fuji 23-1(T) formed a distinct clade from other recognized species of the genus Bartonella. These data support the classification of strains Fuji 18-1(T) and Fuji 23-1(T) as novel species of the genus Bartonella. The names Bartonella japonica sp. nov. and Bartonella silvatica sp. nov. are proposed for these novel species. The type strains of Bartonella japonica sp. nov. and Bartonella silvatica sp. nov. are Fuji 18-1(T) (=JCM 15567(T)=CIP 109861(T)) and Fuji 23-1(T) (=JCM 15566(T)=CIP 109862(T)), respectively.
The purpose of this study was to assess the role of fleas for transmission of Bartonella species among wild rodents in Japan. Flea samples were collected from wild rodents and examined genetically ...for Bartonella infection. Bartonella DNA was detected from 16 of 40 (40.0%) flea samples. Sequence analysis demonstrated that 3 of 16 (18.8%) of the Bartonella-positive animals were infested with fleas from which the closely related Bartonella DNA sequence was detected, indicating that the fleas acquired Bartonella from the infested rodents. The DNA was detected in hemolymph, the midgut and the ovary (only in female), indicating that Bartonella might be colonized through the midgut and distributed into the body.
Abstract The ingestion of undercooked meat from wild animals can be a source of Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans and other animals. In this study, we determined the seroprevalence of T. gondii ...infection in 175 wild boars ( Sus scrofa leucomystax ) and 107 wild sika deer ( Cervus nippon ) hunted in 2004–2007 in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, by using a commercial latex agglutination test (LAT). Antibodies (LAT, 1:64 or higher) to T. gondii were found in 6.3% of wild boars and 1.9% of sika deer. This is the first record of T. gondii infection in wild deer in Japan, and deer and wild boar meat should be cooked well before human consumption.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Novel murine norovirus (MNV)-like sequences were detected in 7 (14.9%) of 47 fecal and intestinal samples obtained from wild rodents in Japan. Sequencing and genetic analyses of the 7 MNV-like genes, ...6 derived from Apodemus speciosus and 1 from Rattus rattus, suggested that these sequences form a cluster distinct from known MNV within genogroup V and differed even among clusters of wild rodents. Considering these results, MNV might be genetically diverse depending on the host species or distribution. This is the first report suggesting the prevalence of MNV in A. speciosus and R. rattus.
To clarify the relationship between Bartonella grahamii strains and both the rodent host species and the geographic location of the rodent habitat, we have investigated 31 B. grahamii strains from ...ten rodent host species from Asia (Japan and China), North America (Canada and the USA), and Europe (Russia and the UK). On the basis of multi-locus sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA, ftsZ, gltA, groEL, ribC, and rpoB, the strains were classified into two large groups, an Asian group and an American/European group. In addition, the strains examined were clearly clustered according to the geographic locations where the rodents had been captured. In the phylogenetic analysis based on gltA, the Japanese strains were divided into two subgroups: one close to strains from China, and the other related to strains from Far Eastern Russia. Thus, these observations suggest that the B. grahamii strains distributed in Japanese rodents originated from two different geographic regions. In the American/European group, B. grahamii from the North American continent showed an ancestral lineage and strict host specificity; by contrast, European strains showed low host specificity. The phylogenetic analysis and host specificity of B. grahamii raise the possibility that B. grahamii strains originating in the North American continent were distributed to European countries by adapting to various rodent hosts.
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BFBNIB, EMUNI, FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was isolated from the intestinal contents of Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus house rats captured at two buildings, designated buildings J and YS, in ...Yokohama City, Japan. From October 1997 to September 1998, 52 of 339 (15.3%) house rats were found to carry Salmonella serovar Typhimurium definitive phage type 104 (DT104). In building J, 26 of 161 (16.1%) house rats carried DT104 over the 1-year study period, compared to 26 of 178 (14.6%) rats in building YS. The isolation rates of DT104 from R. rattus and R. norvegicus were similar in the two buildings. Most DT104 strains from building J (24 of 26) showed resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and tetracycline and contained both the 1.0- and 1.2-kbp integrons, carrying genes pse1, pasppflo-like, aadA2, sulI, and tet(G). All DT104 strains from building YS were resistant to ampicillin and sulfisoxazole, and had the 1.2-kbp integron carrying pse1 and sulI. Cluster analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of BlnI-digested DT104 DNAs showed that 22 of 26 DT104 strains from building J and 24 of 26 strains from building YS could be grouped into separate clusters each specific for the building origin. These results indicated that DT104 strains were prevalent in house rat colonies in each building and suggest that house rats may play an important role in the epidemiology of DT104.
Abstract We report the first description of Bartonella prevalence and genetic diversity in 64 Honshu sika deer ( Cervus nippon centralis ) and 18 Yezo sika deer ( Cervus nippon yesoensis ) in Japan. ...Overall, Bartonella bacteremia prevalence was 41.5% (34/82). The prevalence in wild deer parasitized with ticks and deer keds was 61.8% (34/55), whereas no isolates were detected in captive deer (0/27) free of ectoparasites. The isolates belonged to 11 genogroups based on a combination of the gltA and rpoB gene sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of the ftsZ , gltA , ribC , and rpoB genes of 11 representative isolates showed that Japanese sika deer harbor three Bartonella species, including B. capreoli and two novel Bartonella species. All Yezo deer's isolates were identical to B. capreoli B28980 strain isolated from an elk in the USA, based on the sequences of the ftsZ , gltA , and rpoB genes. In contrast, the isolates from Honshu deer showed a higher genetic diversity.
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