Microclimatic conditions and fruit maturity can affect the health-promoting compounds in tomato fruits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of Mediterranean and continental weather ...conditions, on fruit firmness and coloration as well as on the concentrations of lycopene, α- and β-carotene and lutein and on α-, δ- and γ-tocopherol, in fruits of 10 processing tomato varieties. Compositional data analysis was carried out in order to determine the composition of carotenoids and tocopherols. Mediterranean weather conditions associated with agricultural practice have contributed to faster fruit ripening, which significantly improved the coloration with all varieties, and significantly increased the concentration of total carotenoids and lycopene with varieties with oval and elongated fruits. Environmental conditions in a low tunnel increased the red coloration, but did not significantly increase the content of either total carotenoids or tocopherols. The cultivar and the location of cultivation had a strong effect on the composition of the analyzed lipophilic antioxidants.
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Cantaloupe melons Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. cantadupensins Naudin) cu 'Chianti' were evaluated for quality traits during 14 days of storage at three different temperatures i.e., 2°, 10° and ...18°C with 85-95% relative humidity. The weight loss of fruits slightly increased during the stored period studied, as well as insignificant differences between the temperatures. Whereas significant texture was lost more rapidly in the samples stored at 18° and 10°C than those stored at 2°C. TSS (total soluble solids) were also affected by storage time and temperature. The TSS content of fruit at 2°C increased and then remained constant over storage. At higher temperatures and at every stage of storage time TSS increased as storage time increased. The predominant carotenoid in all samples was ß-carotene. The carotenoids were increased and then decreased with the time; however, the decrease processes were delayed by low temperature. The alpha form was the predominant tocopherol fraction. The level of tocopherol isomers significantly (a-tocopherol) and gradualy (γ- and δ- tocopherol) increased during the 7 days, but after 1st week of storing for all isomers a significant decrease was measured. High temperature storage at 18°C in comparison to 10°C and 2°C promoted γ- and δ- tocopherol level. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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In this study, the impact of scion/rootstock combinations on the composition of carotenoids and fruit firmness during three ripening stages was investigated. Two tomato cultivars were assessed as ...scions: 'Amati F1', and 'Gardel F1', grafted on two rootstocks: 'Body F1' and 'Robusta F1'. To evaluate the effect of grafting and ripening stages on firmness and colour evolution of tomato fruits, the lightness coefficient L* and a*/b* index were monitored in tomatoes, harvested at technological ripening stages (orange to light red and red). The effect of scion/rootstock combinations on the coloration of fruits was more pronounced than on the firmness of fruits. Significandy lower a*/b* ratio and higher L* values were measured on fruits from 'Body F1' rootstock, which could indicate slower ripening compared to 'Robusta F1' rootstock and non-grafted plants. Fruit firmness was only significantly affected by the scion cultivars and ripening stages. In tomato fruit, three carotenoids were detected; lycopene represented the major, β-carotene the second prevailing and lutein the minor carotenoid. Grafting significantly affected the composition of carotenoids in fruits of 'Amati F1' scion, where a significant increase of lycopene and a decrease of β-carotene were measured in fruits correlated with a change from orange to red colour. The composition of carotenoids in tomato fruit is usually under genetic control, which was confirmed also in our study. However, our results also indicate that the levels of carotenoids and their composition can additionally be affected by scion/rootstock regulation and ripening stages.
Two successive experiments were conducted, during Summer and Autumn 1999, with young lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) in a closed hydroponic system. In order to monitor the nitrogen ...dynamics within the plant, 15N was used as a tracer. The treatments were: 13.0, 0.5, 0.1 and 0.0 mM NO3N. Growth of lettuce plants decreased progressively as the level of N supply decreased and at the lower treatment the shoot growth was more affected than root growth. In the highest treatment (13.0 mM) there was little net movement of 15N into or out of the roots, but under more deficient conditions (0.5, 0.1 and 0.0 mM) 15N increasingly accumulated in the roots
Sono stati effettuati due esperimenti successivi, nel corso dell´estate e dell´autunno del 1999, con piante giovani di lattuga (Lactuca sativa L. var. capitata) in un sistema idroponico chiuso. Allo scopo di controllare la dinamica dell´azoto nell´ambito della pianta, è stato utilizzato 15N come tracciante. I trattamenti sono stati: 13,0, 0,5, 0,1 e 0,0 mM di NO3N. La crescita delle piante di lattuga diminuiva progressivamente al calare del livello di disponibilità di N e al livello più basso di trattamento la crescita del germoglio era influenzata maggiormente rispetto al germoglio. Nel trattamento più alto (13,0 mM) si riscontrava un leggero movimento netto di 15N dentro e fuori dalle radici, ma in condizioni di maggiore carenza (0,5, 0,1 e 0,0 mM) l´15N si accumulava progressivamente nelle radici.
The lettuce plants cv Vanity were grown in aeroponics using four different amounts of nitrogen in nutrient solutions. Differences among averages of fresh shoot weights were statistically significant ...in all three experiments. In the first experiment, the maximum final fresh weight average was 999.0 g in treatment 8 mM. In the second experiment, the largest amount of nitrogen, 12 mM NO3-N, significantly (P0.05) increased the fresh shoot weight of lettuce plants. The low level of nitrate in the nutrient solution (4 mM NO3-N) significantly (P0.05) increased the fresh weight of the final roots compared to the level of nitrate in standard nutrient solution (12 mM NO3-N). The highest NO3 concentration in lettuce leaves was recorded in plants grown in nutrient solutions with the highest NO3-N concentration (12 mM NO3-N). A low enough NO3 concentration was found in leaves of lettuce treated with nutrient solution with 4 mM NO3-N in both two experiments
Piante di lattuga cv Vanity sono state allevate in coltura aeroponica utilizzando due quantita' diverse di azoto nelle soluzioni nutritive. Le differenze fra le medie dei pesi freschi del germoglio sono risultate significative in tutti i tre esperimenti. Nel primo esperimento, la media del peso fresco massimo finale era di 999,0 g nel trattamento 8 mM. Nel secondo esperimento, la dose massima di azoto, NO3-N 12 mM, ha aumentato significativamente (P0,05) il peso fresco del germoglio delle piante di lattuga. Il basso livello di nitrato nella soluzione nutritiva (NO3-N 4 mM) incrementava significativamente (P0,05) il peso fresco delle radici alla fine del ciclo rispetto al livello del nitrato nella soluzione nutritiva standard (NO3-N 12mM). La concentrazione piu' elevata di NO3 nelle foglie di lattuga e' stata registrata nelle piante coltivate in soluzioni nutritive con la concentrazione massima di NO3-N (NO3-N 12 mM). Una concentrazione sufficientemente bassa di NO3 e' stata riscontrata nelle foglie di lattuga trattate con la soluzione nutritiva con NO3-N 4mM in ambedue gli esperimenti
In bio-dynamic cultivation in unheated plastichouses, tomato cultivars, hybrid and landraces, were studied in comparison with open field production. The average total yield was 74 % higher and the ...average marketable yield 182 % higher in the plastichouse than in the open field. The lowest total and marketable yield was obtained from cv. Marmande and cv. San Marzano. There is no substantial difference in the marketable yield between the Arletta F1, landraces Milka and Maribor. From the same planting date in the plastichouse, the harvesting time was prolonged in comparison to the open field cultivation for 48 days for Arletta F1. Milka and Maribor had only 5 to 6 % of total and 2% of marketable yield in October, but San Marzano yielded 30 % of total and 27 % of marketable yield in October when cultivated in an unheated plastichouse. Milka and Maribor had more cracked fruits than Arletta F1. The weight of average marketable fruits was the lowest with San Marzano, followed by Arletta F1 and Milka. Marmande and Maribor had marketable fruits over 200 g.
The plant spacing of early cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) was studied at the Experimental Field of the Biotechnical Faculty in Ljubljana, during the 2001 and 2002 growing season. The ...cultivars, which included "Vestri", "Parel", "Delphi", "Destiny" and "Hermes", were each spaced at 20, 30 and 40 cm within rows and 30 cm between rows or populations equivalent to 166,000, 108,000 and 82,000 plants ha-1. The experimental variables measured were marketable yield (per head and per hectare), yield characteristics (head diameter and head volume), quality characteristics (core volume, head density, soluble solids and dry matter) and onion thrips damage ratings. There was no interaction effect of cultivar and planting spacing on the measured variables. Marketable yield per head, head diameter and volume, core volume and head density generally increased as the within-row plant spacing increased, whereas, dry matter was significantly decreased at lower plant spacing. Soluble solids were not affected by plant spacing. The yield potential of cabbage was higher at cv. "Vestri" than at the other cultivars. The onion thrips damage rating was severe at the lowest plant spacing and contributed to the reduced yield. A higher damage rating was established in the cv. "Parel" but this didn't have a statistically significant influence on the weight loss of yield.
The research was undertaken to determine if the plug tray cell size had an impact on plant characteristics and yield of corn salad (Valerianella olitoria L.). Seeds of four cultivars ('Ljubljanski', ...'Holandski', 'Flavor' and 'Masse') were sown in styrofoam plug trays with 40 cells (60 ml cell-1), 84 cells (35 ml cell-1) and 160 cells (20 ml cell-1). Plants growth generally increased with cell size, though the effect varied with different cultivars. An increase in cell volume resulted in an increase in leaves height, leaves number and leaves fresh mass, as well as percentage of dry matter. Cv. 'Holandski' was obtained the highest leaves fresh mass regardless of cell volume.
Five hybrid cultivars ('Boonlim', 'Cipres', 'Dariana', 'Franklim' in 'Steline') of white asparagus were tested on 4 locations in Slovenia (Celje, Logarovci, Nova Gorica and Novo mesto). The ...plantations were 7 years old when some of the raised beds were covered with black PE mulch and the yield was compared to the yield of uncovered beds. The planting space was 2.2 m between rows and 0.33 m between crowns in the row. Each cultivar had 2 covered and 2 uncovered repetitions with 15 plants (11 m **2). The yield and number of spears were measured. For 6 days, white spears were divided into 4 groups based on their thickness (4-8 mm; 8-12 mm; 12-16 mm; over 16 mm), counted and weighed in order to determine the proportion and quality of marketable yield. 'Steline' (3.44 t/ha) had the lowest average yield and 'Boonlim' (6.78 t/ha), which was the best performing cultivar in Logarovci and Nova Gorica, the best. In Novo mesto there were no significant differences among cultivars and in Celje, earlier cultivars 'Franklim', 'Cipres' and 'Dariana' performed better. 'Franklim' had more spears on average but the weight of the spears was best with 'Boonlim' (46.24 g) and worst with 'Steline' (32.03 g). The mulch influenced the yield, which was 5.27 t/ha on uncovered beds and 6.25 t/ha on covered ones. It also influenced the average weight of spears, which increased from 38.15 g to 40.88 g. The mulch did not increase either the number of spears or their thickness.
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