•Higher accumulation of phenolics and lignin observed during resistant interaction of pigeon pea and Fusarium udum.•Enhanced activities of phenylpropanoid pathway associated defense enzymes ...contributed to resistance in resistant pigeon pea genotype.•Differential expression of lignin biosynthesis genes during resistant and susceptible interactions suggested their crucial role in imparting resistance against wilt.•Both physical and biochemical components of phenylpropanoid pathway plays a role in the expression of resistance in pigeon pea against Fusarium wilt.
To elucidate the role of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the expression of resistance during compatible and incompatible interactions between pigeon pea and wilt-causing vascular pathogen Fusarium udum, we estimated the total phenol content, lignin, phenolic acids and activity of enzymes involved in lignin polymerization of monolignols and examined the expression pattern of lignin biosynthesis genes. Our results demonstrated a higher accumulation of free and cell wall-bound phenolics and total lignin content in the highly resistant pigeon pea genotype ICP 14623 as compared to susceptible genotype ICP 14166. An increased activity of phenylpropanoid pathway-associated defense enzymes such as Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate and guaiacol- dependent peroxidases in resistant pigeon pea genotypes suggests their role in resistance. Moreover, analysis of lignin biosynthesis genes revealed their differential expression during resistant and susceptible interactions, revealed their crucial role in imparting resistance against wilt. Overall, our results indicated the role of physical and biochemical components of the phenylpropanoid pathway in the expression of resistance in pigeon pea against Fusarium wilt.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Wild tomato species represent a rich gene pool for numerous desirable traits lost during domestication. Here, we exploited an introgression population representing wild desert-adapted species and a ...domesticated cultivar to establish the genetic basis of gene expression and chemical variation accompanying the transfer of wild-species-associated fruit traits. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis of 580 lines coupled to pathogen sensitivity assays resulted in the identification of genomic loci associated with levels of hundreds of transcripts and metabolites. These associations occurred in hotspots representing coordinated perturbation of metabolic pathways and ripening-related processes. Here, we identify components of the Solanum alkaloid pathway, as well as genes and metabolites involved in pathogen defense and linking fungal resistance with changes in the fruit ripening regulatory network. Our results outline a framework for understanding metabolism and pathogen resistance during tomato fruit ripening and provide insights into key fruit quality traits.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Summary
Early blight (EB), caused by Alternaria solani, is a major threat to global tomato production. In comparison with cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a wild relative, S. arcanum ...exhibits strong resistance against EB. However, molecular cascades operating during EB resistance in wild or cultivated tomato plants are largely obscure. Here, we provide novel insight into spatio‐temporal molecular events in S. arcanum against A. solani. Transcriptome and co‐expression analysis presented 33‐WRKYs as promising candidates of which 12 SaWRKYs displayed differential expression patterns in resistant and susceptible accessions during EB disease progression. Among these, SaWRKY1 exhibited induced expression with significant modulation in xyloglucan endotrans hydrolase 5 (XTH5) and MYB2 expressions that correlated with the disease phenotypes. Electro‐mobility shift assay confirmed physical interaction of recombinant SaWRKY1 to SaXTH5 and SaMYB2 promoters. Comparative WRKY1 promoter analysis between resistant and susceptible plants revealed the presence of crucial motifs for defence mechanism exclusively in resistant accession. Additionally, many defence‐related genes displayed significant expression variations in both the accessions. Further, WRKY1 overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited higher levels of EB resistance while RNAi silencing lines had increased susceptibility to A. solani with altered expression of XTH5 and MYB2. Overall, these findings demonstrate the positive influence of WRKY1 in improving EB resistance in wild tomato and this could be further utilized as a potential target through genetic engineering to augment protection against A. solani in crop plants.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Key message
Exploration with high throughput leaf metabolomics along with functional genomics in wild tomato unreveal potential role of steroidal glyco-alkaloids and phenylpropanoids during early ...blight resistance.
Alternaria solani
severely affects tomato (
Solanum lycopersicum
L.) yield causing early blight (EB) disease in tropical environment. Wild relative,
Solanum arcanum
Peralta could be a potential source of EB resistance; however, its underlying molecular mechanism largely remains unexplored. Hence, non-targeted metabolomics was applied on resistant and susceptible
S. arcanum
accessions upon
A. solani
inoculation to unravel metabolic dynamics during different stages of disease progression. Total 2047 potential metabolite peaks (mass signals) were detected of which 681 and 684 metabolites revealed significant modulation and clear differentiation in resistant and susceptible accessions, respectively. Majority of the EB-triggered metabolic changes were active from steroidal glycol-alkaloid (SGA), lignin and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. Further, biochemical and gene expression analyses of key enzymes from these pathways positively correlated with phenotypic variation in the
S. arcanum
accessions indicating their potential role in EB. Additionally, transcription factors regulating lignin biosynthesis were also up-regulated in resistant plants and electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed sequence-specific binding of rSaWRKY1 with
MYB20
promoter. Moreover, transcript accumulation of key genes from phenylpropanoid and SGA pathways along with
WRKY
and
MYB
in
WRKY1
transgenic tomato lines supported above findings. Overall, this study highlights vital roles of SGAs as phytoalexins and phenylpropanoids along with lignin accumulation unrevealing possible mechanistic basis of EB resistance in wild tomato.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐capped 1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde nanoparticles (PyalNPs) were prepared using a reprecipitation method in an aqueous medium and exhibited red‐shifted aggregation‐induced ...enhanced emission (AIEE). The dynamic light scattering (DLS) examination showed narrower particle size distribution with an average particle size of 41 nm, whereas −34.5 mV zeta potential value indicate the negative surface charge and good stability of nanoparticles (NPs) in an aqueous medium. The AIEE was seen at λmax = 473 nm in a fluorescence spectrum of a PyalNP suspension. In the presence of Cu2+ ions, the fluorescence of PyalNPs quenches very significantly, even in the presence of other metal ions like Ba2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Ni2+ and Mg2+. The changes in the fluorescence lifetime of PyalNPs in the presence of Cu2+ ions suggested that the type of quenching was dynamic. The fluorescence quenching data for the NPs suspension fitted well into a typical Stern–Volmer relationship in the concentration range 1.0–25 μg/ml of Cu2+ ions. The estimated value of the correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9877 was close to 1 and showed the linear relationship between quenching data and Cu2+ ion concentration. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.94 ng/ml and is far below the tolerable intake limit value of 1.3 μg/ml accepted by the World Health Organization for Cu2+ ions in drinking water. The fluorescence quenching approach for a SDS‐capped Pyal nanosuspension for copper ion quantification is of high specificity and coexisting ions were found to interfere very negligibly. The developed method was successfully applied for the estimation of copper ions in river water samples.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Appropriate supplier selection is important in success of every manufacturing industry. Improper supplier selection causes an adverse impact on functioning and development of any organization. ...Evaluating available suppliers and selecting most suitable supplier is very important task of procurement management. Theses selection problems can be solve using decision making methods. These methods are used to find most preferred alternative from given set of alternatives based on different attributes. The aim of the present work is to select raw material supplier for cold-rolled mild steel manufacturing industry using selected three decision making methods such as complex proportional assessment, operational competiveness rating analysis and preference selection index, etc. The selection is made among five suppliers based on five attributes viz: performance rating, productivity, yield, cost and lead time. The analytical hhierarchy process is used for determining weight of the attributes based on relative importance of each attribute which can have a great impact on the final solution. It is found from the ranks obtained using selected three methods that supplier S1 is best and supplier S5 is worst among the others alternatives. It is also observed that the rankings of suppliers has some deviations in the rankings due to different mathematical approaches used in these three selected methods. The proposed methods help to evaluate and rank different raw material suppliers for manufacturing industries.
This paper demonstrates influence of various inclination of Circular Ring Turbulator (CRT) on thermal characteristics in circular type heat exchanger. "A wall linked circular inserts were analyzed ...having constant inner diameter to achieve uniform flow blockage area (FBA) of 40%". These CRTs located within the tube to prevailed different angular patterns (-10°, -15°, - 20° and -25°) w. r. t. horizontal of tube. Influence of these geometries on fluid friction and heat performance were studied. Parameter constant throughout the investigation was diameter ratio and Pitch Diameter Ratio (PDR). Modified parameters throughout study were the angular inclinations of CRT and Reynolds number. Inner side of tube is preserved at constant heat flux having air as working medium at atmospheric temperature with variation of Reynolds number from 6,000 to 24,000 respectively. Implementation of CRT as turbulator favorably improves rate of heat exchange within heated enclosure of tube to fluid domain throughout the test model. Out of all studied inserts, CRT having angular deflection of -25° gives peak value of heat transfer at extreme Reynolds number and at slightest Reynolds number CRT having angle inclination of -10° offers greater friction factor which is at 2.5 and 5.5 times than smooth tube. CRT with angular inclination of -25° at minimum Reynolds number offers extreme thermal performance factor is 1.7.
The aqueous suspension of fluorescent nanoparticles were prepared by using 9-anthradehdye derivative (AH). The nanoparticles (AHNPs) were characterized using DLS-zeta sizer and SEM techniques. The ...photo physical properties of nanoparticles and precursor were measured and compared using UV-absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime studies. The significant overlap between fluorescence spectrum of AHNPs and excitation spectrum of Riboflavin (RF) led us to explore Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) studies between AHNPs and RF in aqueous medium. The mechanism of FRET from AHNPs to RF discussed on spectral observations, thermodynamic parameters and changes produces in fluorescence lifetime in absence and presence of different concentrations of RF to AHNPs. The limit of detection for RF (0.071 µM) is considerably low compared with reported methods. Thus, we explore AHNPs as novel nano probe for quantitative determination of RF in pharmaceutical samples based on FRET study. In addition with this, AHNPs has excellent antibacterial activity than the bulk material for two different bacteria culture viz.
E. coli and Bacillus sps
.
Graphical Abstract
9-anthradehdye based fluorescent nanoparticles (AHNPs) explores as nano probe to detect Riboflavin (RF) in aqueous medium based on Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) studies. The proposed analytical method successfully applied for quantitative determination of RF in pharmaceutical samples. In addition, with this, AHNPs has excellent antibacterial activity than the bulk material for two different bacteria culture suspension viz.
E. coli and Bacillus sps
.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Periodontitis has a multifactorial etiology as a result of interactions between periodontal pathogens and the host response. Due to the complex etiology and esthetic complications, the management of ...such patients is a challenging task. Vast arrays of treatment modalities are employed in the treatment of generalized periodontitis with varying success rates. Placental-derived tissues as allografts have recently been introduced for guided tissue regeneration in dentistry with favorable results. In this case report, successful periodontal treatment of a 25-year-old male patient with generalized periodontitis; Stage IV, Grade C, is presented with a 3-year follow-up. An interdisciplinary approach using regenerative periodontal surgery and a modified Andrew's bridge was used to successfully rehabilitate the patient. In a compliant patient with a well-structured interdisciplinary approach, questionable and hopeless teeth too can be retained over an extended period of time with no detrimental effect on the adjacent teeth.
A simple solid state reaction technique was employed for the preparation of polycrystalline luminophors of p-terphenyl containing different amounts of perylene followed by spectral characterization ...techniques viz. XRD, SEM, TGA-DSC, UV–Visible spectroscopy, thermo-electrical conductivity, fluorescence spectroscopy, fluorescence life time spectroscopy and temperature dependent fluorescence. X-ray diffraction profiles of the doped p-terphenyl reveal well-defined and sharp peaks indicate homogeneity and crystallinity. The SEM micrograph of pure p-terphenyl exhibit flakes like grains and then compact and finally gets separately with perylene amounts. The observed results indicate that closed packed crystal structures of doped p-terphenyl during crystal formation. The band gaps estimated from UV–visible spectroscopy decreased from 5.20 to 4.10 eV, while thermo-electrical conductivity increases with perylene content. The fluorescence spectra showed partial quenching of p-terphenyl fluorescence and simultaneously sensitization of perylene fluorescence at the excitation wavelength of p-terphenyl (290 nm) due to excitation energy transfer from p-terphenyl to perylene. The observed sensitization results are in harmony with intense blue color seen in fluorescence microscopy images and has high demand in scintillation process.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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