Romantic jealousy describes a feeling when individuals
suspect losing their romantic partner to a potential rival. Social media has a
high potential to trigger romantic jealousy as it offers almost ...unlimited
opportunities to build social relationships. Thus, it is unsurprising that many
studies are now examining social media-induced jealousy (SoMJ). However,
there has been a lack of standardized instruments that can capture SoMJ
independently of a specific social media platform. In the present two studies,
we developed the 9-item Digital Jealousy Scale (DJS) in German and English and
examined its psychometric properties using three heterogeneous samples from
Germany and the United Kingdom. The postulated one-factor structure fitted the
data very well. Additionally, construct validity was established by showing the
expected correlations between the DJS and personality variables such as other
jealousy measures, attachment dimensions, self-esteem, and the Big Five
dimensions. The DJS is thus a valuable instrument to assess SoMJ.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
The mental speed approach to individual differences in mental ability (MA) is based on the assumption of higher speed of information processing in individuals with higher than those with lower MA. ...Empirical support of this assumption has been inconsistent when speed was measured by means of the P3 latency in the event-related potential (ERP). The present study investigated the association between MA and P3 latency as a function of task demands on selective attention. For this purpose, 20 men and 90 women performed on a standard continuous performance test (CPT1 condition) as well as on two further task conditions with lower (CPT0) and higher demands (CPT2) on selective attention. MA and P3 latency negatively correlated in the standard CPT, and this negative relationship even increased systematically from the CPT1 to the CPT2 condition but was absent in the CPT0 condition. The present results indicate that task demands on selective attention are decisive to observe the expected shorter P3 latency in individuals with higher compared to those with lower MA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cerebral palsy (CP) represents the most common motor impairment in childhood. The presence of sleep problems has not yet been investigated with an instrument specifically designed for this ...population. In this hospital-based, prospective study, N = 100 children (M = 7.9, range: 2-18 years) with CP were included. All patients underwent pediatric neurologists' screening incorporating instruments (Data Collection Form; Gross Motor Functions Classification System, GMFCS; Bimanual Fine Motor Function, BFMF) recommended by the "Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE)". Parents completed the "Sleep Questionnaire for Children with Severe Psychomotor Impairment (SNAKE)". Children's sleep behavior was increasingly conspicuous, with greater gross motor (SNAKE scales: disturbances remaining asleep, daytime sleepiness) and fine motor (additionally SNAKE scale arousal and breathing problems) functional impairment. Overall, a proportion of children showed sleep behavior outside the SNAKE's normal range. No relevant sleep differences were identified between different CP subtypes and comorbidities. Applying a population-specific questionnaire, children's functional impairment seems to be more relevant to their sleep behavior than the CP subtype or CP comorbidities.
Background:
For adult multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, impaired temporal processing of simultaneity/successiveness has been frequently reported although interval timing has been investigated in ...neither adult nor pediatric MS patients. We aim to extend previous research in two ways. First, we focus on interval timing (instead of simultaneity/successiveness) and differentiate between sensory-automatic processing of intervals in the subsecond range and cognitive processing of intervals in the one-second range. Second, we investigate whether impaired temporal information processing would also be observable in
pediatric
MS patients' interval timing in the subsecond and one-second ranges.
Methods:
Participants were 22 pediatric MS patients and 22 healthy controls, matched for age, gender, and psychometric intelligence as measured by the Culture Fair Test 20-R. They completed two auditory interval-timing tasks with stimuli in the subsecond and one-second ranges, respectively, as well as a frequency discrimination task.
Results:
Pediatric MS patients showed impaired interval timing in the subsecond range compared to healthy controls with a mean difference of the difference limen (DL) of 6.3 ms, 95% CI 1.7, 10.9 ms and an effect size of Cohen's
d
= 0.830. The two groups did not differ significantly in interval timing in the one-second range (mean difference of the DL = 26.9 ms, 95% CI −14.2, 67.9 ms, Cohen's
d
= 0.399) or in frequency discrimination (mean difference of the DL = 0.4 Hz, 95% CI −1.1, 1.9 Hz, Cohen's
d
= 0.158).
Conclusion:
The results indicate that, in particular, the sensory-automatic processing of intervals in the subsecond range but not the cognitive processing of longer intervals is impaired in pediatric MS patients. This differential pattern of results is unlikely to be explained by general deficits of auditory information processing. A tentative explanation, to be tested in future studies, points to subcortical deficits in pediatric MS patients, which might also underlie deficits in speech and visuomotor coordination typically reported in pediatric MS patients.
Background
Processing speed is frequently reduced in patients suffering from multiple sclerosis (MS). Reduced processing speed can also lead to impaired working memory capacity (WMC) in adult MS ...patients. Less is known about the interplay of cognitive deficits in paediatric MS patients.
Objectives
In the present study, we investigated whether processing speed and WMC are reduced in paediatric MS patients compared with healthy controls and whether reduced processing speed and WMC might explain potential differences in psychometric intelligence between MS patients and healthy controls.
Methods
Twenty-one paediatric MS patients and 21 healthy controls completed a reaction time (RT) task, a working memory task, and Cattell’s Culture Fair Test (CFT20-R).
Results
Patients with MS had slower RT and lower intelligence scores than healthy controls. We could find no significant differences for WMC. An analysis of covariance revealed that group differences in intelligence could be partially explained by processing speed differences.
Conclusion
The results indicate that processing speed is a good marker for MS-related impaired efficiency and increased error-proneness of the central nervous system in higher-order cognition as required by Cattell’s CFT20-R.
•Endurance training was associated with increasing BDNF and IGF-1 serology in depressed adolescents.•The changes in neurotrophins did not affect depression scores.•The BDNF-genetics were not ...associated with the changes in BDNF or IGF-1 serology.•p.Val66Val carriers had higher depression scores at baseline but improved more under exercise therapy.
Pathogenesis and treatment of adolescent depression may be influenced by growth-factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). We investigated, if treatment response to two different add-on exercise-therapies in juvenile depression, differ in the changes of BDNF and IGF-1 serology. A subgroup analysis for genetic variations in BDNF p.Val66Met-variants was added.
Included subjects in the study (N = 64), aged 13 to 17 years, were diagnosed with major depression, controls received inpatient treatment as usual (TAU). Intervention groups performed as add-on to TAU two different forms of exercise-therapy: endurance ergometer cycling (EC) and muscle strengthening whole body vibration (WBV). We expected both exercise-forms to increase BDNF and IGF-1 serology and by this pathway to improve depression scores significantly stronger than the control group.
None of the experimental groups showed significant changes in BDNF between measurement time points. However, after 6 weeks exercise, BDNF of both intervention groups were significantly higher compared to TAU,. The IGF-1 increase after 6 weeks intervention was significant for EC only. No correlations of BDNF and IGF-1 to depression scores were found. Group analysis in BDNF p.Val66Met variants showed a trend for better response in depression scores to exercise-treatment for the Val66Val group.
A small sample size, the non-randomized controls and the neglect of psychosocial factors have to be considered as limitations.
Endurance and muscle strengthening trainings seem to influence serological BDNF and IGF-1 differentially. However, the changes in growth factors did not correlate to the decreases in depression scores. BDNF p.Val66Val variant seems to be more receptive for exercise treatment. Identifying biomarkers (growth factors, genetic variants) in adolescent depression could help to develop tailored treatment strategies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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