•Translanguaging is a common practice in EMI classes, initiated by both students and lecturers.•Lecturers tend to follow the institutional English-only policy, while students recognize the value of ...L1 resources in content knowledge and socio-emotional support.•Discrepancies exist between institutional policies and actual practices, calling for more inclusive language policies.•Translanguaging practices can serve vibrant functions in content teaching and learning, enhancing students’ learning experiences.
This qualitative study explored the perspectives of 15 EMI students on translanguaging in EMI classes, as well as the functions of translanguaging in content teaching and learning. It also examined how EMI stakeholders orient to such practices against the continuum of perspectives on bi/multilingual language use. Drawing on semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis, the data revealed that most lecturers tend to operate through English only, barring the use of L1 resources in classes, in line with the virtual position, which prefers English use only. On the other hand, most students adopt the optimal position, which values L1 resources in teaching, recognizing the vital role and pedagogical value of such resources in accessing content knowledge and socio-emotional resources. However, the study found that many lecturers, who demonstrated pejorative orientations towards bi/multilingual practices, did not hold the optimal position. Overall, the study underscores the need for a shift towards a multilingual turn in EMI classes with an understanding of English within multilingualism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper evaluates Voki, a digital platform for creating speaking avatars, in the context of Global Englishes Language Teaching (GELT). It firstly outlines the benefits of using animated characters ...in online tools to personalize language lessons and engage students. As a web-based application, Voki offers various customization options, including different characters, backgrounds and speech voices in over 30 languages. The paper describes how Voki can support GELT pedagogy by exposing students to different English accents and dialects and enhancing their listening and speaking skills with reflections from a ‘Listening and Pronunciation’ course. It is concluded that despite certain technical difficulties and pedagogical limitations, Voki seems a valuable tool to support GELT pedagogy.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Using the literature on transnationalism, this article explores overseas-trained Turkish scholars’ experiences and whether these have had any effects on their identity construction/transformation, ...professional and personal lives after returning home. This exploration is informed by quantitative and qualitative data collected from Turkish scholars who completed their MA and/or PhD degrees in English-speaking countries and are now working in universities as academics. Besides highlighting the differences between educational values and practices in Turkey and Western countries, this article also examines how these differences influence professional trajectories and negotiations of identities among overseas-trained academics, with follow-up references to the author’s autoethnography as a Western-trained scholar to spotlight the commonalities in the lived experiences of returnees. The results highlight the dynamic nature of overseas experiences and returning home with new competences, skills and a broadened worldview which results in returnees’ distinguishing themselves from those around them in their personal and professional transactions.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Several theories have been formulated so far regarding language acquisition, learning and teaching processes. The standpoints of these theories on language acquisition and learning process differ ...from each other in terms of the factors they focus on. Some theories focused on inner factors while others focused on external and environmental factors and tried to explain the learning process in light of these factors. The purpose of this study is to examine the basic principles of rationalist theory which is one of the main theories in the second language acquisition process and especially in English language education and to examine its contribution to the processes of language acquisition and learning. The study first examines the background of rationalist theory and compares it with empiricism, which is seen as a rival theory of rationalist theory. Then, the study explains various theories related to rationalist and empiricist theory and scrutinises the criticisms directed to the rationalist theory by considering both the strengths and weaknesses of the theory. Finally, the contributions of the rationalist theory and related theories to language teaching and English language education are reviewed. In the study, it was concluded that both theories were complementary rather than competing with each other and that a one-sided approach could not adequately explain the language acquisition and learning process.
Willingness to communicate (WTC) in a target language is considered a critical variable impacting engagement when students learn the language. Notwithstanding the research conducted on WTC of ...students, fewer attempts have been made to investigate their willingness to listen (WTL), especially WTL augmentation. To address this gap, this research explored the impact of a long-term listening course on preservice teachers’ WTL in English and identifies underlying factors influencing their WTL. To this end, a mixed-methods research design consisting of pretest, post-test and interviews was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 45 students with a 19-item WTL scale and qualitatively from 10 students through semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were subjected to descriptive (means and standard deviations) and inferential (Mann–Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test) statistics, while qualitative data were analysed through qualitative content analysis. Results indicated that the long-term listening course was inadequate to improve preservice teachers’ WTL significantly and pointed to various individual, speaker, listener and skill variables that influenced participants’ existing and increasing levels of WTL in English. These results are beneficial to English practitioners when designing practical activities and courses to enhance English listening skills, especially when communicating with interlocutors from diverse linguacultural backgrounds amid today's English diversity.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this article, the equal width (EW) equation is going to be solved numerically. In order to show the accuracy of the presented method, six test problems namely single solitary wave, interaction of ...two solitary waves, interaction of three solitary waves, Maxwellian initial condition, undular bore, and soliton collision are going to be solved. For the first test problem, since it has exact solution, the error norms L2 and L∞ are going to be calculated and compared with some of the earlier studies existing in the literature. Moreover, the three invariants I1, I2, and I3 of the given problems during the simulations are calculated and tabulated. Besides those comparisons, the relative changes of the invariants are given. Finally, a comparison of those error norms and invariants has clearly shown that the present approach obtained compatible and better results than most of the earlier works by using the same parameters.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study investigates the practices of native, native-like and non-native speakers of English in academic writing. The researchers developed and validated a survey with Likert items. The items in ...the survey were created using the researchers’ personal experience, the literature and an open-ended survey with three items administered to 31 researchers. The resulting survey was validated through cognitive interviewing and piloting with 30 respondents. The survey conducted with 190 participants provided comparative insight into how the three groups differ in their use of technology, strategies and dictionaries along with challenges they faced in academic writing. The results globally indicated that non-native speakers used strategies more frequently than native-like English speakers or native speakers. Similarly, the integration of technology into academic writing process and dictionary use were a favourite activity among the non-native speakers. However, all three groups of researchers experienced similar challenges in academic writing, which globally suggests that language per se is not enough for success in scholarly writing and publishing.
Keywords: academic writing, native speakers, non-native speakers, strategies
Objective:
This study aims to investigate the efficacy of therapeutic pulsed ultrasound on pain, function, synovial sac and femoral cartilage in knee osteoarthritis.
Design:
Randomized, double-blind, ...controlled study
Setting:
Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Subjects:
A total of 96 patients with knee osteoarthritis
Interventions:
Participants were randomized into two groups; Group I (n = 48, pulsed ultrasound) and Group II (n = 48, sham ultrasound). The sessions were held three times a week for 8 weeks. The study continued for 12 weeks (with 4 weeks follow-up). All participants performed exercises at home for 12 weeks.
Main measures:
Knee pain (at rest and ADLs) was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS). Functionality was assessed using the Timed Up and Go test and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire. Femoral cartilage and synovial sac thickness was measured using ultrasonography. All evaluations were performed at the baseline, at the 8 and 12 weeks after baseline.
Results:
The study was completed with a total of 75 patients (n = 39 in group I and n = 36 in group II). The mean (SD) pain at ADLs score at baseline and week 12 was 7.2 (2.1), with 3.6 (2.9) in the group I, and 6.7 (2.0) and 4.3 (2.2) in the group II, respectively. Both groups presented significant improvements in terms of pain and function (P < 0.001). There was no difference between groups for any parameters.
Conclusion:
Treatment of pulsed ultrasound has no positive effect on knee pain, function, femoral cartilage and synovial sac thickness in knee osteoarthritis.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The adoption of English-medium-instruction in higher education is a strategic response to the internationalisation of higher education and an attempt to alleviate concerns about graduate ...employability and academic reputation. Policy-makers tend to favour ‘English-only’ approaches to content teaching, although imposing monolingual perspectives on bi/multilingual staff and students has been perceived as threatening to local languages and is often detrimental to students' learning. Therefore, this study explores the functions and effects of the linguistic practices emerging from situated interactions in Turkish EMI settings and contributes to our understanding of L1 use in EMI. In particular, it investigates how translanguaging practices respond to different learning and interaction needs within and across the specific communicative norms, pedagogical practices and literacy demands of different disciplines, given that not enough research has begun to consider disciplinary influences in EMI classrooms yet. The data obtained through audio-recordings and classroom observations were analysed via Conversation Analysis with a focus on disciplinary interaction-design mechanics. The study evinces that, although there are both similarities and differences in the programmes studied, translanguaging is a critical part of classroom practices and that most students and lecturers use them strategically to varying degrees and for various functions based on the nature of the disciplinary needs. It offers important implications for stakeholders in Turkish universities and other emerging EMI contexts as to how translanguaging could be effectively integrated as a critical learning/teaching tool into specific disciplinary curricula and into the design of EMI staff training programmes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the current study, the Modified Equal-Width (MEW) equation will be handled numerically by a novel technique using collocation finite element method where cubic Hermite B-splines are used as trial ...functions. To test the accuracy and efficiency of the method, four different experimental problems; namely, the motion of a single solitary wave, interaction of two solitary waves, interaction of three solitary waves and the birth of solitons with the Maxwellian initial condition will be investigated. In order to verify, the validity and reliability of the proposed method, the newly obtained error norms L2 and L∞ as well as three conservation constants have been compared with some of the other numerical results given in the literature at the same parameters. Furthermore, some wave profiles of the newly obtained numerical results have been given to demonstrate that each test problem exhibits accurate physical simulations. The advantage of the proposed method over other methods is the usage of inner points at Legendre and Chebyshev polynomial roots. This advantage results in better accuracy with less number of elements in spatial direction. The results of the numerical experiments clearly reveal that the presented scheme produces more accurate results even with comparatively coarser grids.
•The characteristics of the Modified Equal-Width Wave Equation•The analytical and numerical simulations•The error norms and conservative constants•Hermite B-spline, Legendre and Chebyshev polynomials
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
