Rédigé par une historienne et un spécialiste de modélisation mathématique, cet article explore les enjeux épistémologiques de la collaboration interdisciplinaire à travers une étude de cas : ...l’épuration professionnelle du monde du spectacle à la Libération. Dans tout processus de justice, la question de l’équité, ou celle, équivalente, d’éventuelles discriminations, est difficile à instruire. A fortioripour une épuration à caractère disciplinaire, où des artistes ont jugé leurs pairs. L’article montre que le formalisme mathématique, loin de se substituer à l’expertise historique, prolonge celle-ci par les moyens d’un autre langage, abstrait, enrichissant ainsi les modes d’accès au réel en faisant converger plusieurs dispositifs d’enquête. Progressant pas à pas dans la modélisation du problème et dans l’analyse des données, les deux chercheurs prennent soin d’expliciter les approches statistiques et mathématiques de plus en plus complexes qu’ils doivent mobiliser pour détecter des formes jurisprudentielles impossibles à capturer avec des outils classiques – jusqu’à l’idée originale de traiter un processus impliquant des décisions humaines comme un processus algorithmique complexe. Grâce au détournement d’une méthode d’inférence causale conçue pour étudier l’équité de certains processus algorithmiques de type « boîte noire », des résultats inédits, restés jusqu’alors totalement « cachés » dans les données, sont révélés et viennent, en retour, guider l’analyse historique.
Fondé sur l’analyse de trente années de livraisons de la Revue de musicologie, entre 1960 et 1990, l’article propose une esquisse d’histoire croisée de la musicologie et l’histoire. En 1960, la ...musicologie est une discipline installée qui a développé ses propres méthodes et ne cesse de gagner en visibilité académique. Pour autant, elle n’est pas parvenue à « intégrer la musique dans l’histoire générale », comme l’appelait de ses vœux en 1931 Armand Machabey, et paraît en retrait des dynamiques épistémiques à l’œuvre dans les autres sciences humaines et sociales–notamment l’histoire, sortie profondément renouvelée de la confrontation menée à partir des années 1930 entre les méthodes d’érudition héritées du xix e siècle et la science des « hommes en société dans le temps » (Marc Bloch) prônée par la génération de la revue des Annales d’histoire économique et sociale. L’article entreprend de nuancer ce constat en observant une diffusion progressive des nouveaux courants de la recherche historique sur la musicologie. Une première période voit cohabiter dans les années 1960 l’ancien primat du texte et de la notation avec l’émergence d’une pensée critique des sources, grâce notamment à la présence renforcée de l’ethnomusicologie; durant la décennie suivante, le concept générique de social et la perspective quantitative de l’histoire infusent sur les productions de la Revue. Dans les années 1980 enfin, un profond renouvellement générationnel amorce une accélération du dialogue interdisciplinaire.
Based upon an analysis of thirty years of the Revue de musicologie, between 1960 and 1990, this paper traces the interlacing of the fields of musicology and history. By 1960, musicology had become an established field, with its own methods and tools; it was rapidly gaining academic visibility. Nonetheless, musicology has yet to “bring music into the field of general history,” as Armand Machabey expressed it, in 1931. Musicology still appears out of the main stream of the epistemic dynamics that are operative in the other humanities and social sciences. The field of history, in particular, has undergone profound changes since the 1930s, through the confrontation of traditional, 19th-century scholarly methods with the new “total history” of the Annales school of economic and social history. This paper proposes a reassessment of the common view (of musicology out of the main stream), and shows how certain new trends in historical analysis have indeed made inroads into musicology. In the 1960s, the primacy usually accorded to text and notation began to yield to a more critical view of source materials, thanks in particular to the growing influence of ethnomusicology. In the following decade, a more generic idea of the meaning of “social,” and the influence of the quantitative perspectives of the historians began to be felt in the pages of the Revue de musicologie. Finally, in the 1980s, a new generation of scholars accelerated the frequency of interdisciplinary dialogue presented in the journal.
On the organization of CONT17 Behrend, Dirk; Thomas, Cynthia; Gipson, John ...
Journal of geodesy,
10/2020, Volume:
94, Issue:
10
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The
Continuous Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Campaign 2017 (CONT17)
was observed from November 28 to December 12, 2017 and featured three independent observing networks. Two legacy S/X ...networks of nominally 14 stations each observed in parallel for the full 15 days of the campaign. One of them was made possible in large part by the participation of the ten-station very long baseline array network of the long baseline observatory. Furthermore, for the 5-day period from December 4 to 8, 2017, a six-station broadband network continuously recorded VLBI global observing system data. The different networks will help probe the accuracy of the VLBI estimates of the Earth orientation parameters and investigate possible network biases. We describe the organizational efforts undertaken to realize CONT17, including the analysis of resources such as recording media, electronic data transfer, and correlation, the assignment of stations to the three networks, and source selection and schedule writing.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Endocavity ultrasound is seen as a harmless procedure and has become a common gynaecological procedure. However without correct disinfection, it may result in nosocomial transmission of ...genito-urinary pathogens, such as high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV). We aimed to evaluate the currently recommended disinfection procedure for covered endocavity ultrasound probes, which consists of "Low Level Disinfection" (LLD) with "quaternary ammonium compounds" containing wipes.
From May to October 2011 swabs were taken from endovaginal ultrasound probes at the Gynecology Department of the Lyon University Hospital. During the first phase (May-June 2011) samples were taken after the ultrasound examination and after the LLD procedure. In a second phase (July-October 2011) swab samples were collected just before the probe was used. All samples were tested for the presence of human DNA (as a marker for a possible transmission of infectious pathogens from the genital tract) and HPV DNA with the Genomica DNA microarray (35 different HPV genotypes).
We collected 217 samples before and 200 samples after the ultrasound examination. The PCR was inhibited in two cases. Human DNA was detected in 36 (18%) post-examination samples and 61 (28%) pre-examination samples. After the ultrasound LLD procedure, 6 (3.0%) samples contained HR-HPV types (16, 31, 2×53 and 58). Similarly, HPV was detected in 6 pre-examination samples (2.7%). Amongst these 4 (1.9%) contained HR-HPV (types 53 and 70).
Our study reveals that a considerable number of ultrasound probes are contaminated with human and HR-HPV DNA, despite LLD disinfection and probe cover. In all hospitals, where LLD is performed, the endovaginal ultrasound procedure must therefore be considered a source for nosocomial HR-HPV infections. We recommend the stringent use of high-level disinfectants, such as glutaraldehyde or hydrogen peroxide solutions.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Performance of the IVS R1 and R4 sessions Thomas, Cynthia C.; MacMillan, Daniel S.; Le Bail, Karine
Advances in space research,
01/2024, Volume:
73, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) has observed the weekly IVS-R1 (R1) and IVS-R4 (R4) series of sessions since 2002. These regular series are generally stable in the ...sense that the networks were designed to be similar from week to week. The uniformity of these series has allowed researchers to conduct many scientific investigations. The IVS also observes with other networks that allow continued sampling of data from all VLBI stations, but the R1 and R4 observing sessions are a dominant part of overall VLBI observing accounting for 1841 sessions out of a total of 3129 24-hour sessions from 2002.0 to 2020.0 (where the last R1 and R4 in 2019 was on December 30 and December 26, respectively). In this paper, we investigate the evolution of these series in terms of their observing networks. We also discuss the construction of the R1 and R4 networks and the scheduling of these sessions. The performance of these networks in terms of the formal precision of polar motion have improved by factors of 2–3 over the period from 2002.0 to 2018.0. UT1 precision improved by a factor of about 1.2–1.5. The main reason for this improvement is the increased size of the networks. We also discuss the effect on this improvement arising from changes in the data rate and the number of observed sources. There is some degradation in performance after 2018 that is most likely due to a decline in the number of available network stations.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The Onsala twin telescopes (OTT) are two 13 m telescopes located at the Onsala Space Observatory in Sweden. With dual linear polarized broad-band (3-14 GHz) receivers, they are part of the next ...generation Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) Global Observing System (VGOS) for geodesy and astrometry. In addition to purely geodetic data products, VGOS will regularly produce full-polarisation images of hundreds of radio sources. These rich monitoring data will be valuable for both astronomy and geodesy. In this pilot study we aimed at monitoring ten bright radio sources to search for flares or similar activity, and at testing the instrument calibration on long (months) and short (hours) time scales. Using the OTT as a standalone instrument, we observed and analysed 91 short (<30 min) sessions spanning seven months. We monitored seven potentially variable radio sources (0059+581, 0552+398, 1144+402, 1156+295, 1617+229, 3C418, OJ287) and three reference calibrators (3C147, 3C286, 3C295). We used the Common Astronomy Software Applications (CASA) package to fringe-fit, bandpass-correct and scale the data to obtain flux densities in the four standard VGOS bands: 3.0-3.5 GHz (band 1), 5.2-5.7 GHz (band 2), 6.3-6.8 GHz (band 3), and 10.2-10.7 GHz (band 4). We obtained simultaneous multi-frequency light curves for ten radio sources. A bright multi-frequency flare is observed in the radio source 0059+581. OJ287 and 1156+295 show significant long-term variability in their light curves. After correcting for instrumental biases, we determine the empirical flux density uncertainty as
∼
5 %.
Based upon an analysis of thirty years of the Revue de musicologie, between 1960 and 1990, thispaper traces the interlacing of the fields of musicology and history. By 1960, musicology had become an ...establishedfield, with its own methods and tools; it was rapidly gaining academic visibility. Nonetheless, musicology has yet to“bring music into the field of general history,” as Armand Machabey expressed it, in 1931. Musicology still appearsout of the main stream of the epistemic dynamics that are operative in the other humanities and social sciences. Thefield of history, in particular, has undergone profound changes since the 1930s, through the confrontation of traditional,19th-century scholarly methods with the new “total history” of the Annales school of economic and social history. Thispaper proposes a reassessment of the common view (of musicology out of the main stream), and shows how certain newtrends in historical analysis have indeed made inroads into musicology. In the 1960s, the primacy usually accorded totext and notation began to yield to a more critical view of source materials, thanks in particular to the growing influenceof ethnomusicology. In the following decade, a more generic idea of the meaning of “social,” and the influence of thequantitative perspectives of the historians began to be felt in the pages of the Revue de musicologie. Finally, in the1980s, a new generation of scholars accelerated the frequency of interdisciplinary dialogue presented in the journal.
Fondé sur l’analyse de trente années de livraisons de la Revue de musicologie, entre 1960 et1990, l’article propose une esquisse d’histoire croisée de la musicologie et l’histoire. En 1960, lamusicologie est une discipline installée qui a développé ses propres méthodes et ne cesse de gagneren visibilité académique. Pour autant, elle n’est pas parvenue à « intégrer la musique dans l’histoiregénérale », comme l’appelait de ses voeux en 1931 Armand Machabey, et paraît en retrait desdynamiques épistémiques à l’oeuvre dans les autres sciences humaines et sociales – notammentl’histoire, sortie profondément renouvelée de la confrontation menée à partir des années 1930 entreles méthodes d’érudition héritées du xixe siècle et la science des « hommes en société dans le temps »(Marc Bloch) prônée par la génération de la revue des Annales d’histoire économique et sociale. L’articleentreprend de nuancer ce constat en observant une diffusion progressive des nouveaux courantsde la recherche historique sur la musicologie. Une première période voit cohabiter dans les années1960 l’ancien primat du texte et de la notation avec l’émergence d’une pensée critique des sources,grâce notamment à la présence renforcée de l’ethnomusicologie ; durant la décennie suivante, leconcept générique de social et la perspective quantitative de l’histoire infusent sur les productionsde la Revue. Dans les années 1980 enfin, un profond renouvellement générationnel amorce uneaccélération du dialogue interdisciplinaire.
Faced with the catastrophic prognosis for ovarian cancer due to the fact that it is most often diagnosed late at the peritoneal carcinomatosis stage, screening and early detection could probably ...reduce the mortality rate. A better understanding of the molecular characteristics of the different ovarian cancer subtypes and their specific molecular signatures is indispensable prior to development of new screening strategies. We discuss here the early natural history of ovarian cancer and its origins.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
PDF
