The BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) is the fixed target experiment at NICA-Nuclotron (JINR, Dubna, Russia) accelerator complex. The main goal of the experiment is studying the properties of dense ...nuclear matter produced in ion-ion collisions at the energies of up to 4 AGeV. New Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCal) with modular structure and a beam hole in the center has been developed and constructed to measure the collision centrality after the BM@N upgrade. The transverse and longitudinal segmentation of the FHCal allows to perform calibration of the calorimeter with cosmic muons.
FHCal modules have lead/scintillator sampling structure with longitudinal segmentation. Light signals from the sections are collected with MPPCs, amplified and read-out by ADC boards. Fast analog signals are collected for trigger system.
The status of development and construction of the new FHCal calorimeter for the BM@N experiment is presented. Performance of FHCal front-end and readout systems is discussed.
The forward hadron calorimeter (FHCal) is one of the sub-detectors of the BM@N experimental setup at JINR, Dubna. It consists of 54 lead-scintillator "sandwich" type modules of two types with the ...transverse sizes 20 × 20 cm2 and 15 × 15 cm2. These two types of modules are subdivided into 10 and 7 individual longitudinal sections, respectively. Each section provides the independent light and amplitude signal readout with one silicon photomultiplier (MPPC). High signal to noise ratio of MPPC allows to detect cosmic rays with low energy depositions in FHCal longitudinal sections. A method for cosmic muon track reconstruction is discussed. A procedure for energy calibration based on muon track length and energy deposition in each section is proposed. Experimental results of FHCal cosmic calibration are presented.
Abstract
Forward hadron calorimeters in heavy ion experiments are used to determine the centrality and orientation of reaction plane in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In BM@N and MPD@NICA experiments ...hadron calorimeters with a beam hole in the center will be used, which is motivated by high radiation doses at the BM@N and by the design of the MPD collider experiment. This feature makes it impossible to determine centrality from only the total energy deposition in the calorimeters. Therefore, an approach using machine learning methods was developed to solve the centrality problem. This approach uses information on the energy distribution of particles over the calorimeter surface. The report is dedicated to the description of the new approach for centrality determination. The results of applying the approach to the simulation data of the BM@N and MPD@NICA experiments will be shown.
Abstract
The forward hadron calorimeter Projectile Spectator Detector (PSD) will be used at the CBM experiment at FAIR to measure the nucleus-nucleus collision centrality and orientation of the ...reaction plane. The PSD is a sampling lead/scintillator calorimeter with modular transverse structure and longitudinal segmentation of modules. Light readout from all sections of each module is provided by Hamamatsu MicroPixel Photon Counters installed at the rear of the module. The full chain of the Front-End and readout electronics of one PSD module — mPSD has been assembled, integrated into mCBM (mini-CBM) trigger-less data acquisition system and tested at mCBM test runs in Summer 2021. The PSD Front-End and readout electronics integration into mCBM within the common synchronized CBM data transport system is discussed.
Forward hadron calorimeters with transverse and longitudinal segmentation are developed for upgraded NA61/SHINE BM@N and future CBM experiments at CERN, JINR and FAIR respectively. The main purpose ...of these calorimeters is to provide an event-by-event measurements of centrality and reaction plane orientation in ion collisions. Hadron calorimeters in all these experiments are composed of sampling lead/scintillator modules. The light collection from longitudinal sections in modules is provided by Wave-Length Shifting (WLS) fibers embedded in scintillator plates. Micropixel photodetectors MPPCs are used for light detection. The light yield measured at muons beam for these modules is about 8 - 10 ph.el./MeV. Performance of the supermodule composed of these modules has been studied at proton beam energies 1.5 - 150 GeV at CERN. Radiation conditions at high heavy ion beam rates are studied by FLUKA simulations for calorimeters geometry optimization aimed to get acceptable radiation doses and neutron fluence both for the scintillator plates and for photodetectors in these experiments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The results of beam tests of the hadron calorimeter with transverse and longitudinal segmentation and with the micropixel photodetectors light readout performed at CERN T9 and T10 beamlines in proton ...momentum range 2-10 GeV/c are shown. The new signal processing technique based on the waveform fitting of calorimeter signals using the Prony least squares method is proposed. This technique allows to identify weak signals comparable to the level of electronic noise, which is important for performing a muon calibration of calorimeter sections. For the energy calibration of the hadron calorimeter sections with cosmic muons, a new approach that uses the reconstruction of the muon track in the calorimeter is proposed.
The Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM) experiment at FAIR needs a detector to measure the nucleus-nucleus collision centrality and orientation of the reaction plane. The Projectile Spectator Detector ...(PSD) as a sampling lead/scintillator forward hadron calorimeter with transverse and longitudinal segmentation will be used for this purpose. The PSD consist of 44 modules with 10 longitudinal sections in each. Electronics of PSD consist of MPPCs boards mounted directly on detector and readout ADC interface with ADC FPGA board installed into crate distanced on 50m from detector part. ADC has 14-bit resolution and 125MHz digitization rate, Kintex-7 FPGA is placed on the board. Concept of PSD Front End Electronics (FEE) is already designed and most crucial parts including ADC FPGA board already tested and confirmed to be operational. One PSD module ("mini PSD" or mPSD) has been installed into the "mini CBM" (mCBM) assembled at SIS18 accelerator in GSI, Darmstadt, Germany in the framework of the FAIR Phase-0 program. ADC FPGA readout board has been integrated into common DAQ experiment and tested. Details of the mPSD FEE design and test results are shown.
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A new compact time-of-flight neutron detector is being planned for the identification and energy measurement of neutrons produced in nucleus-nucleus interactions at energies up to 4 AGeV at the ...BM@N experiment, located at the Nuclotron (Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia). This detector will be used to measure neutron yields and azimuthal flows, which should be sensitive to the equation of state of dense nuclear matter, as shown in various theoretical models It is proposed to use plastic scintillators produced at JINR and IFTP and silicon photomultipliers with a sensitive area of 6 × 6 mm
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for photon registration, one for each scintillation cell. To achieve the required neutron energy resolution (of the order of several percent) in the energy range up to 4 GeV, the time resolution of scintillation detectors should be 100−150 ps. The concept of a time-of-flight neutron detector is discussed. The results of measurements of the light yield and time resolution of several scintillation detector specimens of various sizes and two types of silicon photomultipliers are presented.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
New forward hadron calorimeter with transverse and longitudinal segmentation has been developed and constructed for the upgraded fixed target BM@N experiment at JINR, Dubna. The main purpose of this ...calorimeter is to provide event-by-event centrality and reaction plane orientation measurements in nucleus-nucleus collisions. The design of the hadron calorimeter composed of sampling lead/scintillator modules with a beam hole in the center is discussed. The light collection from longitudinal sections in modules is provided by Wave Length Shifting (WLS) fibers embedded in scintillator plates. Micro-pixel photodetectors (Hamamatsu MPPCs) are used for light detection from each longitudinal section of modules. The measured light yield is about 50 photoelectrons per section for MIPs. Sampling ADCs are used for signal readout in the calorimeter. The performance of the FHCAL is discussed. For centrality measurement additional forward quartz hodoscope is developed to measure charge of fragments in the FHCAL beam hole. The method of collision centrality determination is discussed.
The BM@N (Baryonic Matter at Nuclotron) is the fixed target experiment at the Nuclotron (JINR, Dubna, Russia) accelerator complex. The main goal of the BM@N experiment is studying properties of dense ...nuclear matter produced in the ion-ion collisions at beam energies up to 4.5 AGeV. First experiments were done for carbon, argon and krypton ions beams with C, Al, Cu and Pb targets. The methods of central events selection on event-by-event base with ZDC (Zero Degree Calorimeter) for these reactions are presented. The new Forward Hadron Calorimeter (FHCal) with transverse and longitudinal segmentation will be used to measure the collision centrality in heavy ion experiments after the BM@N upgrade. The FHCal has the beam hole in the center due to expected high beam intensities. New forward quartz hodoscope is been developed to be placed in the beam hole to measure the charge of fragments. New methods of centrality determination with the FHCal and forward quartz hodoscope are discussed.
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