Radom se prikazuje djelovanje Andrije Štampara tijekom Prvoga svjetskog rata (1914‒1918) na suzbijanju zaraznih bolesti na području Banske Hrvatske. Prikazuje se kako je masovna pojava zaraznih ...bolesti tijekom Prvoga svjetskog rata, tipičnih za nehigijenske, ratne uvjete, poslužila Štamparu kao presudno formativno iskustvo u oblikovanju njegovih razmišljanja vezano uz suzbijanje takvih tipova bolesti, uviđajući važnost edukacije stanovništva, preventive i cijepljenja, što je pak utjecalo na njegove daljnje koncepcije i poglede na organizaciju, ustroj i djelovanje javnoga zdravstva. Također se na temelju primjera, počevši od predratnoga razdoblja 1913. do kraja Prvoga svjetskog rata 1918., razmatra kako je Štampar i kojim metodama, svojim brzim i stručnim djelovanjem, savjesnim postupanjem u javnom i općem interesu, uspio u nastojanjima da suzbije zarazne bolesti epidemijskoga karaktera, istodobno analizirajući kontekst općih ratnih zbivanja i pošasti koje su harale u Austro-Ugarskoj Monarhiji u istraživanom razdoblju, želeći na taj način dobiti zaokruženu cjelinu njegova djelovanja. Uspješno se boreći protiv zaraznih bolesti i svodeći ih na najmanju moguću mjeru, pridonio je razvoju javnoga zdravstva i iznimno pridonio suvremenoj medicini, vodeći se idejom da primarna zdravstvena zaštita treba biti dostupna svima. S obzirom na to da je djelovao u pozadini, a ne kao liječnik na bojištu, njegovo se osobno iskustvo razlikuje od iskustava njegovih kolega koji su rat proveli na prvoj crti, čime je dokazao kako je zdravlje stanovništva u pozadini bojišta ključno za opstanak samoga naroda te da ima jednaku važnost kao i zdravlje vojnika na bojištima koji se izravno bore za svoju državu i njezin probitak. Pri istraživanju korištena je arhivska građa pohranjena u Hrvatskom državnom arhivu u Zagrebu, među ostalim građa obiteljskoga fonda Andrije Štampara, kao i periodičke publikacije i literatura, među kojima su i Štamparovi članci, koji su poslužili za rekonstruiranje političkoga duha i vremena.
This paper presents the actions of Andrija Štampar during World War I (1914–1918) in combating infectious diseases in Banal Croatia. It illustrates how the widespread occurrence of infectious diseases during World War I, typical of unhygienic wartime conditions, served as a crucial formative experience for Štampar, shaping his thoughts regarding the control of such diseases. He recognised the importance of public education, prevention, and vaccination, which, in turn, influenced his further concepts and views on the organisation and operation of public health. Based on examples from the pre-war period of 1913 to the end of World War I in 1918, the paper discusses how Štampar, through his rapid and professional actions and conscientious interventions in the public and general interest, managed to control epidemic infectious diseases. It also analyses the context of general wartime events and the diseases that ravaged the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy during the researched period, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of his actions. By successfully combating infectious diseases and reducing them to the minimum possible level, Štampar contributed to the development of public health and made an exceptional contribution to modern medicine, guided by the idea that primary healthcare should be accessible to all. As he operated in the background rather than as a frontline physician, his personal experience differed from that of his colleagues who served on the front lines. He thus demonstrated that the health of the civilian population behind the front lines is crucial for the survival of the nation and holds equal importance to the health of soldiers fighting on the battlefields for their state and its interests. Archival material stored in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb was used for our research. This included, among other things, material from Andrija Štampar’s family fond as well as periodicals and literature, and Štampar’s articles, which were used to reconstruct the political spirit and times in which Štampar worked.
This paper presents the actions of Andrija Štampar during World War I (1914–1918) in combating infectious diseases in Banal Croatia. It illustrates how the widespread occurrence of infectious ...diseases during World War I, typical of unhygienic wartime conditions, served as a crucial formative experience for Štampar, shaping his thoughts regarding the control of such diseases. He recognised the importance of public education, prevention, and vaccination, which, in turn, influenced his further concepts and views on the organisation and operation of public health. Based on examples from the pre-war period of 1913 to the end of World War I in 1918, the paper discusses how Štampar, through his rapid and professional actions and conscientious interventions in the public and general interest, managed to control epidemic infectious diseases. It also analyses the context of general wartime events and the diseases that ravaged the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy during the researched period, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of his actions. By successfully combating infectious diseases and reducing them to the minimum possible level, Štampar contributed to the development of public health and made an exceptional contribution to modern medicine, guided by the idea that primary healthcare should be accessible to all. As he operated in the background rather than as a frontline physician, his personal experience differed from that of his colleagues who served on the front lines. He thus demonstrated that the health of the civilian population behind the front lines is crucial for the survival of the nation and holds equal importance to the health of soldiers fighting on the battlefields for their state and its interests. Archival material stored in the Croatian State Archives in Zagreb was used for our research. This included, among other things, material from Andrija Štampar’s family fond as well as periodicals and literature, and Štampar’s articles, which were used to reconstruct the political spirit and times in which Štampar worked.
This paper analyses the latest works of certain British and Croatian authors on the events set into motion by the military operations and battles that took place on the Eastern Front in 1915, during ...World War I. Their points of views and conclusions on the topic have been represented by placing the works into two separate groups, characterised by the criterion of the author’s approach to the subject at hand. Some of these works proved to be an incentive for some Croatian historians to focus their research on this field, taking a more specialized approach to the topic of the Eastern Front in 1915. For that reason, a comparative scientific method has been used in this paper in order to emphasize the similarities and differences within certain aspects of the analyses conducted by these authors. By stressing the importance of incorporating these British and Croatian authors’ extensive research into official World War I historical narratives, it is essential to draw the conclusion that a significant contribution to the overall quality of historiography might be achieved by using this particular approach.
This paper presents a study of archival material regarding the participation of inhabitants of Bjelovar and the Bjelovar-Križevci County in the Varaždin 16th Infantry Regiment of the Imperial and ...Royal Austro-Hungarian Army on the Balkan front in 1914. Though the recruitment area of this regiment covered the town of Bjelovar and the Bjelovar-Križevci County, the name had been kept for traditional reasons, owing to the regiments’ long history dating back to 1538, while the regiment itself was founded in 1703. The regiment was initially deployed within the 5th Austro-Hungarian army, it was the main strike force in the attack on Serbia in 1914, and remained within formation during the entire campaign. Further on, the paper analyzes the course of the main operations and the conduct of operations by the 16th Infantry Regiment in the battles of Cer, Kolubara and Ljig. The 5th army, as well as the entire Austro-Hungarian army forces, suffered enormous losses in the Balkans, while the 16th Regiment lost 122 officers and 4,133 men. The regiment’s diary reveals the number of reinforcement the Regiment received during 1914; the records show that 32 officers and 2,841 soldiers joined the ranks. However, the military records kept at the Bjelovar State Archive for the year 1914 have revealed insurmountable losses to the town of Bjelovar and the county. Only 59 recruits were listed, out of which only 32 declared fit for service. Amid these numbers, 24 were eligible for regular army, and 8 for Domobranstvo (Austrian Landwehr, Hungarian Honvéd, second line territorial defence units). In conclusion, the complete losses of 4,762 men in their prime affected the town of Bjelovar and the county considerably. For 289 of them, the records hold information about their status in the combat forces on the Balkan front in 1914. This list is presented in the attachment below.
U radu se razmatraju radovi pojedinih britanskih i hrvatskih autora o Istočnom bojištu 1915. u Prvom svjetskom ratu objavljeni od 2014. do 2017. godine. Prvenstveni je cilj komparativnom analizom ...postaviti okvir strukturnom i specijalističkom proučavanju Prvoga svjetskog rata u historiografiji. Propituju se do sada ustaljeni historiografski stavovi o stanju na Istočnom bojištu 1915. i neki mitovi o snazi i borbenoj spremnosti austrougarske vojske. Postavljaju se tri pitanja: 1. Koliko je opravdana teza o inferiornosti austrougarske vojske u odnosu na njemačku i rusku vojsku? 2. Je li Prvi svjetski rat mogao završiti već 1915. kao posljedica događaja na Istočnom bojištu? 3. Može li se procijeniti broj poginulih, ranjenih, zarobljenih i nestalih hrvatskih vojnika i časnika u borbama na Istočnom bojištu 1915. godine?
Non-motor symptoms in the form of increased sensitivity are often associated with the onset of idiopathic Bell's palsy (IBP). The aims were to determine whether the pain threshold in the ...retroauricular regions (RAR) in IBP patients and the time of its occurrence is related to IBP severity.
The study was conducted among 220 respondents (142 IBP patients, 78 healthy subjects (HS)). The degree of IBP was graded using the House-Brackmann and Sunnybrook Grading Scales (II-mild dysfunction, VI-total paralysis), whereas the pain thresholds were measured using the digital pressure algometer.
We found no difference in the degree of the pain threshold between the right and left RAR in the HS group. IBP patients belonging to groups II, III, IV, and V had lower pain thresholds in both RARs than HS and IBP patients belonging to group VI. There was no difference in the degree of pain threshold in RAR between the affected and unaffected side in IBP patients. The incidence of retroauricular pain that precedes paralysis and ceases after its occurrence in groups II and III of IBP patients is noticeably lower and the incidence of retroauricular pain that occurred only after the onset of paralysis is more frequent. Also, we found that the incidence of retroauricular pain that precedes paralysis and ceases after its occurrence in groups V and VI of IBP patients was more frequent.
The degree of pain threshold lowering in RAR (bilaterally) is inversely related to the severity of IBP. We suggest that the occurrence of retroauricular pain before the onset of facial weakness is associated with higher severity of IBP while the occurrence after the onset is associated with lower severity of IBP.
Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as physical disability, poor quality of life, and ...death. Sarcopenia has been demonstrated to be one of the strongest predictors of both short- and long-term outcomes following complicated surgical procedures. Sarcopenia screening and sarcopenia diagnosis are highly important in surgical patients. Appropriate customized questionnaires and formulas are used in screening for sarcopenia. The measurable variables for diagnosing sarcopenia are mass, strength, and physical performance and there are measurement techniques that can be used for each of them. Early screening and diagnosis of sarcopenia with the implementation of treatment can effectively slow the progression of sarcopenia, with influence on the better outcome of surgical treatment and recovery of the patient.
U Zagrebu je 10. i 11. travnja ove godine održana međunarodna konferencija povodom 300. godine rođenja „Kralja“ Marije Terezije. Konferencija i izložba organizirane su pod visokim pokroviteljstvom ...predsjednice Republike Hrvatske, gospođe Kolinde Grabar-Kitarović. U radu konferencije sudjelovale su tri važne hrvatske institucije za povijest i povijesne znanosti: Hrvatski insitut za povijest, Hrvatski državni arhiv i Hrvatski povijesni muzej.
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