The chelated complex of Cu2+: Cu(EDTA)2− was used to introduce Cu2+ from outside to the inside of crevice. The introduced Cu2+was expected to act as an inhibitor for the crevice corrosion on ...stainless steels. Crevice corrosion tests confirmed the introduction of Cu2+ to the inside of the crevice via electromigration of Cu(EDTA)2−. Migrated Cu(EDTA)2− reacted with H+ and inhibited decrease in pH inside the crevice, where Cu2+ was separated from Cu(EDTA)2− and suppressed active dissolution of the stainless steel.
•Initiation time of crevice corrosion on Type 316L stainless steel was prolonged by Cu(EDTA)2− in 0.1 M NaCl.•Cu2+ was introduced to the inside of crevice from outside as Cu(EDTA)2−.•The introduced Cu2+ inhibited crevice corrosion initiation and propagation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A Nonomuraea sp. strain MM565M-173N2 was isolated from deep-sea sediment off the Sanriku coast, and new antibiotics were evaluated against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), which is a ...problematic group of bacteria because of their antimicrobial resistance. From 220 l of fermented broth from strain MM565M-173N2, we isolated four new antibiotics by gel filtration and HPLC, designated as sealutomicins A (1.8 mg), B (1.5 mg), C (0.8 mg), and D (0.8 mg). Their structures were determined from MS, NMR, and CD spectra. Sealutomicin A was found to be a new enediyne antibiotic, while sealutomicins B-D were aromatized products from sealutomicin A. Sealutomicin A showed strong antibacterial activity (MIC 0.05-0.2 μg ml
) against CRE.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Identification of specific drug targets is very important for cancer therapy. We recently identified zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 5 (ZIC5) as a factor that promotes melanoma aggressiveness ...by platelet‐derived growth factor D (PDGFD) expression. However, its roles in other cancer types remain largely unknown. Here we determined the roles of ZIC5 in prostate cancer (PCa) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Results showed that ZIC5 was highly expressed in CRC and dedifferentiated PCa tissues, whereas little expression was observed in relevant normal tissues. Knockdown of ZIC5 decreased proliferation of several PCa and CRC cell lines with induction of cell death. ZIC5 knockdown significantly suppressed PDGFD expression transcriptionally, and PDGFD suppression also decreased proliferation of PCa and CRC cell lines. In addition, suppression of ZIC5 or PDGFD expression decreased levels of phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) which are associated with PCa and CRC aggressiveness. Furthermore, knockdown of ZIC5 or PDGFD enhanced death of PCa and CRC cells induced by the anti‐cancer drugs docetaxel or oxaliplatin, respectively. These results suggest that ZIC5 and PDGFD promote survival of PCa and CRC cells by enhancing FAK and STAT3 activity, and that the roles of ZIC5 are consistent across several cancer types.
ZIC5 is highly expressed in prostate and colorectal cancer tissues, and its suppression abrogates cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Notably, suppression of ZIC5 and its downstream factor, PDGFD, enhanced prostate and colorectal cancer cell death induced by anti‐cancer drugs.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
New bioactive substances were identified from several marine actinomycetes strains by LC-HRESI-MS based non-targeted metabolomics. A new siderophore and its derivative, named fradiamines A and B, ...were isolated from the extract of the deep-sea actinomycetes Streptomyces fradiae MM456M-mF7 by Diaion CHP-20P, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. Fradiamine A was a new compound, but fradiamine B was previously patented as a sweetness enhancer. Their structures were determined by NMR and LC-HRESI-MS/MS analysis. Fradiamines A and B contained two alkyl amines asymmetrically bonded to citrate, a type of structure derived from actinomycetes and other bacteria and rarely observed in siderophores. Fradiamines A and B showed moderate antibiotic activity against Clostridium difficile with IC
values of 32 and 8 μg ml
, respectively.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The station coordinates derived from GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) with a conventional static method underpin the study of Earth and planetary science and surveying and mapping. For the ...continuous provision of high-quality coordinates, it is mandatory to cope with the increasing deviation from the global standard reference frame and the launch of modern GPS (Global Positioning System) satellites. To provide coordinates agreed with ITRF2014 (International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014) at several millimeters for GEONET (GNSS Earth Observation Network System) in Japan, we developed a new analysis strategy named F5 and assessed the reprocessed station coordinates from 1996. The major updates in F5 can be summarized as incorporating global network processing and enhancements in troposphere modeling. As for the troposphere enhancements, a modern mapping function VMF1 (Vienna Mapping Functions 1) was employed and time intervals for troposphere estimates were shortened. Station coordinates in the global network showed a great agreement with ITRF2014 at several millimeters in the recent 20 years and comparable or slightly better performance with IGS (International GNSS Services) Analysis Centers. The RMS (root mean square) averaged over all GEONET stations indicated very high accuracy of 3.2 mm (horizontal) and 7.3 mm (vertical); the latter accounts for an improvement of roughly 10% from the previous strategy. Sensitivity tests about troposphere estimates revealed that the reduced RMS was completely due to the short time intervals, not the use of VMF1, which contributed to partly suppressing the spurious vertical annual deformation. These results confirm that F5 is sufficiently accurate for the requirements of individual applications and infer the capability of detecting smaller signals the previous strategy could not resolve.
Graphical Abstract
In order to clarify the effect of metal cations (Zn2+, Mg2+, Na+) in aqueous solution on hydrogen absorption into iron, the amount of hydrogen absorption from iron surface was measured by ...electrochemical tests with a laser ablation. Moreover, in order to obtain the basic mechanism of hydrogen absorption with adsorption of metal cation, we obtained the adsorption potential of the adsorbed atom and the electronic state around the adsorbed atom using first principles calculations. Peak value of permeation current and the time until the current reached the peak value decreased and elongated in the order of NaCl, MgCl2, and ZnCl2 solutions. Also, by first-principles calculations adsorption strength of each metal atom increased in the order of Na < Mg < Zn. It was suggested that dissolution of Fe is inhibited due to formation of dense metal layer in the solution including the metal cation which has large adsorption strength to Fe surface like Zn, and finally permeation current may have been reduced.
In Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD), diagnosis requires a positive culture from at least two separate expectorated sputum specimens. The optimal number of sputum examinations ...remains unclear.
This study sought to elucidate the diagnostic yield of acid-fast bacilli in MAC-PD using 3 sputum specimens and to clarify the clinical characteristics of patients with MAC-PD diagnosed using 3 sputum specimens. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between increased number of sputum specimens and diagnostic yield.
We reviewed the medical records of 139 patients with MAC-PD diagnosed at Toho University Omori Medical Center for whom at least three sputum specimens were examined before treatment from November 2014 through June 2021. Patients were classified into the 3-sputum diagnosed and the non-3 sputum diagnosed groups based on diagnostic procedure; clinical and radiological characteristics were compared. We also assessed diagnostic yield with the increased number of sputum specimens.
Diagnostic yield with 3 sputum specimens was 16.5% (23/139). The 3-sputum diagnosed group had a lower body mass index 18.6(17-19.5) vs. 19.5(18-21.5); p = 0.014, and higher chest CT score 9(6.5-13) vs. 6(4-9); p = 0.011 including cavitary lesions (39.1% vs. 19%; p = 0.037) compared with the non-3 sputum diagnosed group. When the number of sputum specimens was increased to 6, the diagnostic yield increased to 23.7% (33/139).
Diagnostic yield with 3 sputum specimens was 16.5%. Patients diagnosed using 3 sputum specimens had more severe chest CT findings including cavitary lesions. Increasing the number of sputum specimens to 6 improved diagnostic yield by 7.2%.
Shewanella violacea DSS12 is a psychrophilic piezophile that optimally grows at 30MPa. It contains a substantial amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in the membrane. Despite evidence linking ...increased fatty acid unsaturation and bacterial growth under high pressure, little is known of how the physicochemical properties of the membrane are modulated by unsaturated fatty acids in vivo. By means of the newly developed system performing time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurement under high pressure (HP-TRFAM), we demonstrate that the membrane of S. violacea is highly ordered at 0.1MPa and 10°C with the order parameter S of 0.9, and the rotational diffusion coefficient Dw of 5.4μs–1 for 1-4-(trimethylamino)pheny-6-phenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in the membrane. Deletion of pfaA encoding the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid synthase caused disorder of the membrane and enhanced the rotational motion of acyl chains, in concert with a 2-fold increase in the palmitoleic acid level. While the wild-type membrane was unperturbed over a wide range of pressures with respect to relatively small effects of pressure on S and Dw, the ΔpfaA membrane was disturbed judging from the degree of increased S and decreased Dw. These results suggest that EPA prevents the membrane from becoming hyperfluid and maintains membrane stability against significant changes in pressure. Our results counter the generally accepted concept that greater fluidity is a membrane characteristic of microorganisms that inhabit cold, high-pressure environments. We suggest that retaining a certain level of membrane physical properties under high pressure is more important than conferring membrane fluidity alone.
► The dynamic structure of the membrane of a deep-sea piezophile was investigated. ► The membrane was highly rigid with respect to a high order parameter. ► EPA deficiency resulted in membrane disorder and an increased palmitoleic acid level. ► EPA plays a role in preventing the membrane hyperfluid and maintaining the stability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The effect of Cu2+ in bulk solution on pitting corrosion resistance of extra-high-purity type 316 stainless-steel was investigated. Pitting occurred in 0.1 M NaCl-1 mM CuCl2, whereas pitting was not ...initiated in 0.1 M NaCl. Although deposition of Cu2+ on the surface occurred regardless of a potential region in 0.1 M NaCl-1 mM CuCl2, Cu2+ in bulk solution had no influence on the passive film formation. The decrease in pitting corrosion resistance in 0.1 M NaCl-1 mM CuCl2 resulted from the deposited Cu or Cu compound and continuous supply of Cu2+ on the surface.
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