Introduction: Caudal epidural block is one of the most common regional techniques in paediatric anaesthesia for infraumbilical surgeries. Though bupivacaine is widely used because of its long ...duration, ropivacaine is a newly emerging drug having differential neuraxial blockade with less motor block and reduced cardiovascular and Central Nervous System (CNS) toxicity. To further increase the duration and quality various adjuvants have been added. Aim: To compare low dose bupivacaine-fentanyl with ropivacaine-fentanyl in terms of hemodynamic stability, duration of analgesia, postoperative pain, level of sedation, and side-effects profile among patients undergoing infraumbilical surgery. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, randomised study was conducted on 60 children undergoing elective infraumbilical surgery. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each into Bupivacaine-Fentanyl (BF) group and RopivacaineFentanyl (RF) group, using a simple envelope method. After securing airway, caudal block was given. Group BF received 0.25% bupivacaine 0.5 mL/kg with fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg and Group RF received 0.25% ropivacaine 0.5 mL/kg with fentanyl 0.5 mcg/kg. Postoperative pain was assessed using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) pain assessment scale, for 12 hours. The hemodynamics, duration of analgesia, rescue analgesia requirement and side effects (bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, retching, urinary retention, vomiting) were noted and analysed statistically. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in the BF group was 270±46.60 minutes and in the RF group was 430±68.83 minutes (p-value <0.001). Patients requiring rescue analgesia were 12 in Group BF and 5 in Group RF. Mean FLACC reached ≥4 at 4.5 hours in group BF and at 7 hours in group RF. There was no significant difference in hemodynamics and side-effects profile (bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, retching, urinary retention, vomiting) between the two groups. Conclusion: Low dose caudal ropivacaine-fentanyl combination is superior to that of caudal bupivacaine-fentanyl with respect to duration and intensity of intraoperative and postoperative analgesia.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: For pre-eclampsia with the involvement of various systems, several markers have been proposed. The value of CRP indicates the severity of endothelial cell injury. Endothelial cell injury ...is one of the responsible factors for developing or initiating preeclampsia. During pre-eclampsia due to the extent of cellular death, the severity of the disease can be assessed by serum LDH levels. Serum uric acid levels reflect the circulating xanthine oxidase activity and oxidative stress production. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the correlation of C-reactive protein, serum uric acid and serum LDH with the severity of pre-eclampsia. Methodology: Serum levels of CRP, LDH and uric acid were estimated among the study group included of preeclamptic & eclamptic antenatal patients (n=150) and the control group included normotensive antenatal women (n=50). Student t-tests and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean value of CRP in the study group was 24.80 ±24.70 mg/L which was significantly higher than the control group i.e. 1.20± 4.37 mg/L (p =0.001). The mean value of serum uric acid level in the study group was significantly higher (6.16±3.39 mg/dl) than in the control group (3.09±0.53 mg/dl) (p= 0.001). The mean value of LDH in the study group was also significantly higher 698.95±624.08 U/L than 301.24±124.59 U/L in the control group (p= 0.001). Conclusion: Monitoring of CRP, LDH and uric acid can help diagnose the severity, and progression of the disease process and help prevent maternal complications. Increased serum CRP level is correlated with preeclampsia being an indirect risk factor for placental vasculopathy predating clinical preeclampsia.
The emergency situation due to the spread of COVID-19 has brought new requirements to Higher Education to continue the learning process. In musical ensemble class, performance practice is mandatory ...and plays a crucial role in musical education. The pandemic has forced all classes online, but for performance practice, it was mandatory to implement a new type of student-teacher interaction, such as e-tivity. It is a dynamic and interactive learning process led by a teacher online. The investigation of the efficiency of e-tivity for training musical ensemble skills was carried out in this paper. The research was tested through experimental work that took place at Kazan Federal University (Russian Federation). Due to a complete shift in the education process to distanced learning, all disciplines were studied online, including the specific musical courses that required collective work with face-to-face interaction. The curriculum of future music teachers includes an ensemble basic course to train students‘ musical performance skills in groups. For the study, 114 students from classes with instrumental and vocal ensembles were gathered and were organized by means of e-tivity based on several online tools, including Aiseesoft Video Converter Ultimate. This tool creates a video with a split-screen effect. By using such a tool, students created the video by following the teacher‘s instructions separately, and afterward they united their musical records in one video with a split-screen effect. At the end of the research work, musical artworks belonging to certain art styles, namely classical, Tatar and Russian folk music, and jazz, were collected. The analysis of the obtained data exhibited a high level of results in each criterion scale and effectiveness of the online work with musical ensembles. Students saw improvement in self-education by the means of creativity and critical self-assessment. The increasing frequency of students‘ listening of their own performance during the ensemble music-making by e-tivity brought advantages for the involuntary repetition process.
Near-infrared (NIR) reflecting pigments offer the potential to incorporate thermal insulating qualities into paint coatings. Experimental reflectance measurements are presented of a series of ...perylene based pigments, revealing significant variations in the NIR region as a function of derivatisation and substitution. Theoretical methods are applied to account for the observed trends. Derivatisation of perylene leads to an extension of the π-aromatic system, resulting in a bathochromic shift of UV/Vis absorption maxima towards the NIR region. However, this is insufficient to account for the observed variations in NIR reflectance. In comparison, overtones and combination modes of fundamental IR vibrations appear to be more important in explaining the observed variations in NIR reflectance/absorbance. Aromatic groups lead to a small number of intense NIR bands, while alkyl groups generally lead to a greater number of less intense NIR bands. However, neighbouring group effects and/or a molecular dipole moment can substantially alter the intensity of these bands.
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•Near-infrared reflectivity was measured for a series of perylene pigments.•Significant variations were observed in the NIR reflectivity across the series.•Absorption characteristics were related to electronic and vibrational properties.•Anharmonicity, force constants and dipole moment are important factors.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) has been widely used in many areas such as surveillance of battlefield, controlling of industry, pipeline monitoring, ecological monitoring, healthcare and medical ...science, defense and military affairs, etc. To make better IoT based applications, secure routing plays an imperative responsibility for Device-to-Device (D2D) data packet transmission. The most essential inventiveness behind this research is to design a Secure and Energy Efficient Trust Aware (SEETA) routing protocol in terms of detecting the fail/malicious nodes by utilizing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) Algorithm. To discover a secure and energy-efficient route, the trust-based approach is integrated with GOA and ANN. Therefore, this research focuses on the security enhancement of the IoT network using the concept of trust-based route maintenance mechanism. In IoT networks, communicating sensor nodes have limited energy resources and a rapid energy reduction of communicating nodes leads to the creation of energy holes in the network. To overcome this problem, an energy-efficient mechanism of trust aware approach is also one of the essential objectives of IoT routing protocols. To avoid unnecessary network failure and extra energy consumption rate, we had designed a model using the concept of PSO based ANN with a novel fitness function and for involvement in the routing process, sensor nodes should fulfill the fitness criteria; otherwise, the system considers as affected communicating nodes. From the experiments conducted, it is proved that the proposed SEETA routing protocol using the PSO and ANN, achieves significant performance improvement over the existing schemes in terms of security, energy efficiency and packet transmission rate. Besides, SEETA routing protocol also reduces the number of intermediates nodes in D2D route discovery mechanism for IoT networks which helps to decrease the energy consumption rate and also offers a proficient approach to discover secure routing support with maximum routing capacity and end to end data transmission rate. The QoS performance parameter of our routing protocol is analyzed with standard and existing work with several routing protocols and the experimental results validating the concept of optimized ANN. The experimental results indicate that the introduced SEETA routing protocol provides 8.74% less energy consumption rate and high data delivery rate and data delivery rate is improved by 92% as compare to exiting works.
•Transition metal ion-exchanged polyaniline–zeolite nanocomposites were synthesized.•Polyaniline–zeolite based electrochemical sensor was developed.•Sensor was used for the simultaneous determination ...of pharmaceutical drugs.•Epinephrine, paracetamol, and folic acid were detected.•Real application was demonstrated in the commercial pharmaceutical preparations.
Transition metal ion-exchanged polyaniline–zeolite (M2+-PANI-Nano-ZSM-5, where M2+=Cu2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, and Mn2+) organic-inorganic hybrid materials were synthesized and characterized by the complementary combination of X-ray diffraction, N2-adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, FT-IR and thermo gravimetric techniques. Electrochemical sensors based on M2+-PANI-Nano-ZSM-5 was developed for the simultaneous determination of epinephrine, paracetamol, and folic acid. Among the materials investigated in this study, Cu2+-PANI-Nano-ZSM-5 modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited the highest electro-catalytic activity with excellent stability, sensitivity, and selectivity. Under the optimum conditions, a wide linear range was obtained from 10nM–600μM for epinephrine, 15nM–800μM for paracetamol, and 13nM–700μM for folic acid. The detection limit was found to be 4, 8, and 5nM for epinephrine, paracetamol, and folic acid, respectively. The analytical performance of the developed sensor was demonstrated in the determination of epinephrine, paracetamol, and folic acid in the commercial pharmaceutical preparations (epinephrine injection, paracetamol, and folic acid tablets) with satisfactory recovery. The proposed methodology provides promising application in drug analysis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are inescapable independent Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) that will assume a fundamental job in upcoming trends of Internet-of-Things (IoT) communication, somewhere ...sharp-witted gadgets will a tendency to associated in a totally scattered manner. The IoT is a type of wireless heterogeneous network of different types such as WSNs, MANETs, Zig-Bee, WI-FI, and RFID. So a trust based routing in MANET based IoT network is a difficult task for better Device to Device (D-2-D) communication. Be that as it may, because of the absence of framework and the nonappearance of concentrated administration in MANETs, networks are covered with different security threats. Some inward mobile sensor nodes in these positive feature based obliged wireless networks may bargain the routing mechanism in order to attacks to do unmistakable sorts of the data packet sending mischievous activities. Methods: In order to address this type of IoT communication issue, in our previous research paper, we devised a routing protocol in IoT based on the secure and energy efficient trust aware approach using the Particle swarm based (PSO) Optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN), it is used to classify the packet dropping adversaries before the transmission by supervising the intermediates communicating sensor nodes nature to discover route and their maintenance period. But the achieved result should be better by using the concept of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with PSO instead of ANN. In this paper, we perform sensitivity analysis of IoT communication using Secure and Energy Efficient Trust Aware (SEETA) routing mechanism with PSO based optimized CNN and it is used to identify the unlike parameters variation in distinctive scenarios in the existence of data packet dropping attacks or malicious nodes. Also the proposed work recapitulates the trusted route discovery mechanism with their maintenance process where routing is based on our existing SEETA protocol with the purpose of countering the certain attack or malicious patterns along with optimized CNN. Results: Simulation is conducted with MATLAB based network simulator which indicates the correct choices of parameter values for proposed IoT network scenarios. When the QoS constraints of IoT network is calculated and compared with various existing approaches, the proposed PSO based CNN with SEETA routing mechanism achieves the better performance of 99.31% in terms of data delivery rate with reduction of 16.76% in energy consumption rate as compare to exiting works. Conclusion: During simulation of proposed IoT network based on different network conditions, we observed that the achieved performance is best in terms of Energy Consumption with Throughput and Loss Rate. After that we also obtained the achieved transmission delay is less and Alive Nodes Count is more with maximum Detection Rate.
•Nanocrystalline metallosilicate modified carbon paste electrodes were fabricated.•Electrodes were used for the simultaneous determination of aminophenol isomers.•Nanocrystalline zirconosilicate ...exhibited the highest electro-catalytic activity.•Analytical performance of the sensor was shown for the environmental water samples.
Metallosilicates (Metal=Zr, Ti, and Al) modified carbon paste electrodes were fabricated for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of aminophenol isomers. Among the various nanocrystalline metallosilicates investigated in this study, nanocrystalline zirconosilicate modified carbon paste electrode exhibited the highest electro-catalytic activity with excellent stability, sensitivity, and selectivity. The electrochemical behavior of the aminophenol isomers at nanocrystalline zirconosilicate modified carbon paste electrode was investigated in detail. Under the optimum conditions, a wide linear range was obtained from 60nM to 500μM for p-aminophenol, 120nM to 500μM for o-aminophenol and m-aminophenol. The detection limit was found to be 26nM, 30nM, and 30nM for p-aminophenol, o-aminophenol, and m-aminophenol, respectively. The analytical performance of the sensor was demonstrated in the determination of aminophenol pollutants present in the different environmental water samples.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•ILs coated Nano-ZSM-5 based inorganic-organic hybrid materials were prepared.•Nano-ZSM-5/ILs modified electrodes were fabricated.•Electrodes were used for the simultaneous determination of all four ...DNA bases.•Activity is explained using textural properties of material and DFT calculation.•Analytical performance of the sensor was demonstrated using calf thymus DNA sample.
In this study, ionic liquids coated nanocrystalline zeolite based inorganic-organic hybrid materials were synthesized. Nanocrystalline ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared under hydrothermal condition in the presence of propyltriethoxysilane as an additive in the synthesis composition of conventional ZSM-5. Ionic liquids (methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) were coated on the surface of nanocrystalline ZSM-5 by the post synthesis method. For comparative study, ionic liquids coated conventional ZSM-5 based inorganic-organic hybrid materials were also prepared. Ionic liquids coated nanocrystalline ZSM-5/ZSM-5 modified electrodes were constructed for the simultaneous determination of all four DNA bases such as adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Difference in the electro-catalytic activity of the modified electrode is explained with the help of textural properties, conductivity, and density functional theory. The analytical performance of the proposed method was demonstrated in the simultaneous determination of all four DNA bases in calf thymus DNA sample.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In this work, a nanoporous polyaniline–nanocrystalline zeolite organic–inorganic hybrid material was synthesized. An acetylcholinesterase electrochemical biosensor based on a polyaniline–zeolite ...nanocomposite material was fabricated for the sensitive detection of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and the resultant biosensor was further employed for the detection of toxic organophosphate pesticides. The results demonstrate that the polyaniline–nanocrystalline zeolite based acetylcholinesterase biosensor exhibited much higher activity when compared to conventional polyaniline. The nanoporous polyaniline–nanocrystalline zeolite based biosensor exhibited good stability, sensitivity, linear range, and limit of detection. The analytical performance of the developed biosensor was demonstrated in the determination of these pesticides in different real samples (apple, cabbage, tap water, and river water) with satisfactory recovery.
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