Point-of-care devices were originally designed to allow medical testing at or near the point of care by health-care professionals. Some point-of-care devices allow medical self-testing at home but ...cannot fully cover the growing diagnostic needs of eHealth systems that are under development in many countries. A number of easy-to-use, network-connected diagnostic devices for self-testing are needed to allow remote monitoring of patients’ health. This Outlook highlights the essential characteristics of diagnostic devices for eHealth settings and indicates point-of-care technologies that may lead to the development of new devices. It also describes the most representative examples of simple-to-use, point-of-care devices that have been used for analysis of untreated biological samples.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
After cardiovascular disease, cancer is the most common cause of death worldwide. Due to their versatility, heterocyclic compounds play an important role in drug discovery. Medical remedies are ...constantly being discovered, especially for catastrophic disorders such as cancer. Here, this review is focused on sulphur containing heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents. Sulphur is found in a variety of vitamin cofactors, sugars, and nucleic acids, and it also plays a function in controlling translation by sulphurating transfer RNA. Sulphur has obtained a lot of interest in the anticancer research medicinal fields. Thiophene derivatives were tested for anti-proliferative activity against breast cancer cells in a recent screening study, and the bulk of chemicals exhibited potent inhibitory effects. In recent years, azoles such as thiazole and thiadiazole structures have gained prominence in cancer research.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, with 9.6 million deaths yearly. As a life‐threatening disease, it necessitates the emergence of new therapies. Resistance to current ...chemotherapies drives scientists to develop new medications that will eventually be accessible. Because heterocycles are so common in biological substances, compounds play a big part in the variety of medications that have been developed. The “Master Key” is the benzimidazole nucleus, which consists of a six‐membered benzene ring fused with a five‐membered imidazole/imidazoline ring, which is an azapyrrole. One of the five‐membered aromatic nitrogen heterocycles identified in American therapies that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Our results show that benzimidazole's broad therapeutic spectrum is due to its structural isosteres with purine, which improves hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions with topoisomerase complexes, intercalation with DNA, and other functions. It also enhances protein and nucleic acid inhibition, tubulin microtubule degeneration, apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, and other functions. Additionally, readers for designing the more recent benzimidazole analogues as prospective cancer treatments.
In this manuscript, we have discussed various biological targets of cancer with their drugs containing heterocyclic compound as benzimidazole shows effective response and better inhibitory activity against various cancer.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction: For routine and emergency upper limb surgeries, brachial plexus block is better alternative to general anaesthesia. As compared to classic Interscalene brachial plexus Block (ISB), Low ...Interscalene Block (LISB) deposit Local Anesthetic (LA) more caudad causing sensory-motor blockade of upper limb. It acts as bridge between supraclavicular and classic ISB. Local anaesthetic mixture are used to shorten the onset of sensorymotor blockade. Alongside, various adjuvants are mixed with LA to further improve quality of block. Aim: To compare the efficacy of dexmedetomidine and clonidine as adjuvants to LA mixture in LISB for upper limb surgeries to assess onset and duration of Sensory-motor block and to observe any complication associated with block. Materials and Methods: This double-blind, randomised prospective clinical study was conducted on 90 patients, aged 18 to 60 years, posted for upper limb surgeries with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade I, II at a tertiary care centre of Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India from February 2021 to November 2021. The patients were randomly divided into three groups. Group I: levo-bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL)+ lignocaine 2% (10 mL)+ Normal Saline (NS) (1 mL), group II: levo-bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL)+ lignocaine 2% (10 mL) + dexmedetomidine 50 mcg (1 mL), group III: levo-bupivacaine 0.5% (20 mL)+ lignocaine 2% (10 mL)+ clonidine 50 mcg (1 mL). The parameters observed were: onset and duration of sensory and motor block, any intraoperative complication. Data was compiled with the help of MS-Excel and analysis done with IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Results: The mean onset time of sensory and motor block was faster in group II (4.20±0.62, 5.25±0.89 min) as compared to group III (5.24±0.99, 6.23±0.96 min) and group I (6.48±0.87, 7.03±1.02 min). The mean duration of sensory and motor block was prolonged in group II (743.38±12.55, 673.21±22.29 min) as compared to group III (480.65±14.72, 433.03±7.28 min) and group I (311.28±5.75, 272.03±6.09 min). No adverse effect was observed during this study. Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine was more effective than clonidine as an adjuvant to LA mixture (0.5% levobupivaciane + 2% lignocaine) in low interscalene brachial plexus block and no episode of pneumothorax and phrenic nerve palsy was seen.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Biomass yield and quality are the primary targets in forage crop improvement programs worldwide. Low-quality fodder reduces the quality of dairy products and affects cattle’s health. In multipurpose ...crops, such as maize, sorghum, cowpea, alfalfa, and oat, a plethora of morphological and biochemical/nutritional quality studies have been conducted. However, the overall growth in fodder quality improvement is not on par with cereals or major food crops. The use of advanced technologies, such as multi-omics, has increased crop improvement programs manyfold. Traits such as stay-green, the number of tillers per plant, total biomass, and tolerance to biotic and/or abiotic stresses can be targeted in fodder crop improvement programs. Omic technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, provide an efficient way to develop better cultivars. There is an abundance of scope for fodder quality improvement by improving the forage nutrition quality, edible quality, and digestibility. The present review includes a brief description of the established omics technologies for five major fodder crops, i.e., sorghum, cowpea, maize, oats, and alfalfa. Additionally, current improvements and future perspectives have been highlighted.
Introduction: Awake Fiberoptic Intubation (AFOI) is considered as the gold standard technique in patients with predicted and unpredicted difficult airway. It is best performed with the patient awake ...to maintain spontaneous ventilation. Dexmedetomidine has been successful in several clinical settings including AFOI due to its diverse actions like sedation, analgesia, anxiolysis, cardiovascular stabilising effect and preservation of respiratory function. Aim: To assess the efficacy of using dexmedetomidine intranasally with lidocaine in AFOI in comparison to using lidocaine alone in terms of haemodynamic stability, sedation, ease of intubation, patient’s satisfaction with the procedure and reduction in intraoperative propofol requirement. Materials and Methods: This randomised clinical study was conducted on 100 patients of either gender aged between 18 to 60 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II scheduled for elective surgeries under general anaesthesia at Government Medical College and Rajindra Hospital, Patiala, India from February 2021 to November 2021. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 50 each namely group D (intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 mcg/kg+lidocaine 10%) and group L (intranasal lidocaine 10% alone). Maximum dose of 10% lidocaine was <5 mg/kg body weight in both groups. The various parameters were recorded in both the groups during AFOI and the data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 22.0 and Microsoft excel. Descriptive statistics was done for all data and were reported in terms of mean, standard deviation and percentages. Results: Among 100 patients, group D and group L comprises of 50 each. The mean heart rate during AFOI was 70.16±8.02 in group D, and 95.62±11.04 in group L. The Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) during AFOI was 81.42±5.55 in group D and 101.78±6.22 in group L. There was statistically highly significant (p-value <0.001) decrease in mean heart rate and MAP (within normal clinical range) in group D as compared to group L. The mean Ramsay Sedation Scale (RSS) in group D was 3.66±0.48 and in group L was 2.32±0.55 (p-value <0.001). There was a significant difference (p-value <0.001) in patient tolerance, time to intubation, propofol requirement, patient satisfaction and anaesthesiologist satisfaction between the two groups. There was no significant decrease in Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen (SpO2) or respiratory depression in both groups (p-value=0.221). Conclusion: Intranasal dexmedetomidine with lidocaine provides better haemodynamic stability and improves the quality of intubation, reduces propofol requirement, provides good patient and anaesthesiologist satisfaction and maintains oxygen saturation during AFOI.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Heterocyclic compounds are a class of compounds that is deeply intertwined with biological processes and is found in about 90% of commercially available medicines. They serve a critical function in ...medicinal chemistry and are focused in the field of medication development for their intensive research due to their broad variety of biological effects because of their intriguing molecular architecture, such as indoles are good candidates for drug development. It is a bicyclic structure consisting of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered pyrrole ring with several pharmacophores that yield a library of different lead compounds. Human cancer cells have been demonstrated to be inhibited by indoles in the development of new anticancer medicines. This is the first comprehensive review to focus on current methodologies for incorporating indole moiety, with their mechanistic targets as anticancer drugs, in order to shed light on the logical development of indole-based anticancer treatment options with high efficacy. This compiled data may serve as a benchmark for modifying existing ligands in order to design novel potent molecules through excellent yield synthesis techniques.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) epidemic a pandemic and whole education system came to a standstill. An immediate transformation ...from an offline mode to online mode of teaching learning was needed. Majority of teachers in India were not prepared for digital pedagogy. Regardless of serious difficulties and deep-rooted traditional teaching and learning methods, they quickly involved themselves in their professional learning virtually and adopted the online teaching methods to keep the system going on. Thus, the present study is focused to find the answers of the questions emerged out of this situation such as: (i) how teachers prepared themselves to come forward for gigantic initiative? (ii) How did they learn the digital online techniques? (iii) How the deficiencies of electronic gadgets, such as mobile phones and tablets were arranged in short span of time and made available to all the stakeholders? This is a qualitative study using phenomenological enquiry as an approach, participants were selected with purposive sampling technique and data were collected through the in-depth (semi-structured) interviews of 15 school teachers, 5 school heads, and 5 block education mentors from Punjab state of India. The findings of the study indicated that with continuous motivation, school teachers took the initiative to come forward for digital teaching and learning. Some teachers out of firm professional commitment managed to pursue their professional learning mainly through their own efforts. In addition, the Education Department provided online crash courses to teachers. The clusters of teachers having sound knowledge of technology collaboratively trained the teachers at block levels. Majority of teachers have their own gadgets but underprivileged sections were provided mobiles and tablets by the government and non-government agencies. A quick shift to virtual professional learning resulted in significant improvements in the learning outcomes of students. Hence, the study will motivate the teachers of other states to pursue virtual professional learning to update themselves. Additionally, it suggests that teachers ought to be part of forums, interest groups, and online professional communities to interact with peers and know how the rest of the world is doing with digital education.
Boxwood leafminer, Monarthropalpusi flavus Schank (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is a gnat-like fly whose larvae can cause severe damage to boxwood (Buxus spp.) trees and shrubs across the United States. ...This small fly is native to Europe and was first detected as a pest of boxwood in the United States in 1910. This insect can cause serious damage to boxwood species, which are among the most commonly planted landscape ornamental plants in the eastern U.S. This document describes the boxwood leafminers biology, identification, and management.
Orginally published at: http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/ORN/SHRUBS/boxwood_leafminer.html
Omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, are becoming an integral part of virtually every commercial cereal crop breeding program, as they ...provide substantial dividends per unit time in both pre-breeding and breeding phases. Continuous advances in omics assure time efficiency and cost benefits to improve cereal crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the established omics methods in five major cereals, namely rice, sorghum, maize, barley, and bread wheat. We cover the evolution of technologies in each omics section independently and concentrate on their use to improve economically important agronomic as well as biotic and abiotic stress-related traits. Advancements in the (1) identification, mapping, and sequencing of molecular/structural variants; (2) high-density transcriptomics data to study gene expression patterns; (3) global and targeted proteome profiling to study protein structure and interaction; (4) metabolomic profiling to quantify organ-level, small-density metabolites, and their composition; and (5) high-resolution, high-throughput, image-based phenomics approaches are surveyed in this review.
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