The aggregation formula in the Human Development Index (HDI) was changed to a geometric mean in 2010. In this paper, we search for a theoretical justification for employing this new HDI formula. ...First, we find a maximal class of index functions, what we call quasi‐geometric means, that satisfy symmetry for the characteristics, normalization, and separability. Second, we show that power means are the only quasi‐geometric means satisfying homogeneity. Finally, the new HDI is the only power mean satisfying minimal lower boundedness, which is a local complementability axiom proposed by Herrero et al. (2010).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Extracorporeal circulation enables the perfusion of abdominal organs after cardiac arrest.•Extracorporeal circulation is used while consent for organ donation is obtained.•Subsequent machine ...perfusion enhances the benefits of extracorporeal circulation.
The use of grafts from donors after cardiac death (DCD) would greatly contribute to the expansion of the donor organ pool. This study aims to determine the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) in a large animal model of DCD liver.
After cardiac arrest, the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were cannulated and connected to an ECMO circuit. Porcine livers were perfused in situ with ECMO at 22°C for 60 minutes after 45 minutes of cardiac death. Then, the livers were perfused for 4 hours by cold storage (CS) or HOPE. In group 1, non-in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved by HOPE. In group 2, in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved by HOPE. In group 3, in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved by CS. After preservation, all grafts were evaluated using an isolated reperfusion model (IRM) with autologous blood for 2 hours.
During HOPE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and hepatic arterial pressure in group 2 tended to be lower than in group 1. Hematoxylin–eosin staining findings after HOPE showed more massive sinusoidal congestion and hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolization in group 1 than in group 2. The AST and LDH levels in group 2 at the start-up of IRM tended to be lower than in group 1.
The combined use of in situ subnormothermic ECMO and HOPE is essential for the functional recovery of DCD liver grafts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Esteban and Ray (1994) formalized the idea of polarization and developed a theory for its measurement. In their main theorem, they claimed that a class of polarization measures, called the ...Esteban–Ray measures, is characterized by a set of axioms that capture the idea of polarization. However, in this study, we show that the claim does not hold by presenting a counterexample. We amend their main theorem by strengthening the first axiom.
•We present a counterexample to Esteban–Ray 1994 polarization measure theorem.•We strengthen their axiom so that their characterization result is reestablished.•Our modified axiom does not change the spirit of the original axiom.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Grafts from donors after cardiac death (DCD) have greatly contributed to expanding the donor organ pool. This study aimed to determine the benefits of subnormothermic extracorporeal membrane ...oxygenation (ECMO) and hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in a porcine model of DCD liver. Female domestic crossbred Large Yorkshire and Landrace pigs weighing approximately 20 kg were used. The abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava were cannulated and connected to an ECMO circuit for in situ perfusion of the abdominal organs at 22 °C for 60 min, 45 min after cardiac death. The pigs were divided into the cold storage (CS) group (n = 3), where liver grafts were preserved at 4 °C, and the HMP group (n = 3), where liver grafts were preserved by HMP at 8–10 °C. After 4 h of preservation, liver function was evaluated using an isolated liver reperfusion model for 2 h. Although the difference was insignificant, the liver effluent enzyme levels in the HMP group were lower than those in the CS group. Furthermore, morphological findings showed fewer injured hepatocytes in the HMP group than in the CS group. The combined use of in situ subnormothermic ECMO and HMP was beneficial for the functional improvement of DCD liver grafts.
Repeated-dose oral toxicity of L-hydroxyproline (Hyp) was assessed in male and female SD rats by gavage for 28 days at dose level of 40, 200, 1,000 or 4,000 mg/kg/day. The reversibility of ...treatment-related changes was also examined by providing 14-day recovery period in the control group and 4,000 mg/kg group. In the results, reduced body weight gain with decreased food consumption was noted in males at 4,000 mg/kg/day. The histopathological evaluation revealed increased incidences of focal dilatation of the renal tubules with narrowing of the tubular cell liner and focal interstitial fibroplasia in the kidney of males at 1,000 and 4,000 mg/kg and females at 4,000 mg/kg. The lack of kidney specific serum chemical or urinalysis findings supported that the renal changes were very mild. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of Hyp was 200 mg/kg/day.
Cosine similarity is a commonly used similarity measure in computer science. We apply this similarity measure to define a voting rule, namely, the cosine similarity rule. This rule selects a social ...ranking that maximizes cosine similarity between the social ranking and a given preference profile. Our main finding is that the cosine similarity rule in fact coincides with the Borda rule.
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BFBNIB, CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Tsuruoka Metabolomics Cohort Study (TMCS) is an ongoing population-based cohort study being conducted in the rural area of Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. This study aimed to enhance the precision ...prevention of multi-factorial, complex diseases, including non-communicable and aging-associated diseases, by improving risk stratification and prediction measures. At baseline, 11,002 participants aged 35–74 years were recruited in Tsuruoka City, Yamagata Prefecture, Japan, between 2012 and 2015, with an ongoing follow-up survey. Participants underwent various measurements, examinations, tests, and questionnaires on their health, lifestyle, and social factors. This study used an integrative approach with deep molecular profiling to identify potential biomarkers linked to phenotypes that underpin disease pathophysiology and provide better mechanistic insights into social health determinants. The TMCS incorporates multi-omics data, including genetic and metabolomic analyses of 10,933 participants and comprehensive data collection ranging from physical, psychological, behavioral, and social to biological data. The metabolome is used as a phenotypic probe because it is sensitive to changes in physiological and external conditions. The TMCS focuses on collecting outcomes for cardiovascular disease, cancer incidence and mortality, disability, functional decline due to aging and disease sequelae, and the variation in health status within the body represented by omics analysis that lies between exposure and disease. It contains several sub-studies on aging, heated tobacco products, and women's health. This study is notable for its robust design, high participation rate (89%), and long-term repeated surveys. Moreover, it contributes to precision prevention in Japan and East Asia as a well-established multi-omics platform.
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FFLJ, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To clarify whether L-ornithine and/or its metabolite involves sedative and hypnotic effects under social separation stress, the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of L-ornithine ...and polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) were compared in chicks. Birds were injected i.c.v. with 0.5 μmol of L-ornithine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine or saline (control). After injection, chicks were immediately separated from the flock and monitored for the number of distress vocalizations and various postures. L-Ornithine greatly attenuated the stress response and caused sedative and hypnotic effects. Among the polyamines, only putrescine attenuated distress vocalizations but did not induce sleep. In conclusion, the sedative and hypnotic effect of L-ornithine was mainly induced by L-ornithine itself, while the polyamines contributed to the sedative, but not hypnotic, effect under social separation stress.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We evaluated the role of soluble factors produced from epidermal cells in melanoma cell motility by using the Boyden chamber chemoinvasion system. The migration of two melanoma cell lines, A375 and ...Mewo, was potentiated by conditioned media of A431 epidermoid cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The enhancement of A375 melanoma cell motility induced by the conditioned medium was blocked by antibodies against either alpha 3 or beta 1 integrin subunit. The motility-stimulating activity was recovered in the same fraction as the alpha 3 integrin-dependent adhesion-promoting activity in a high-molecular-weight (>200 kDa) fraction on Superose 12 gel chromatography, and adsorbed with an anti-laminin-5 antibody. Purified laminin-5 was capable of potentiating melanoma cell migration as measured in either the chemotaxis assay with a soluble form of laminin-5 or the haptotaxis assay with membranes coated with a mixture of laminin-5 and Matrigel. Furthermore, immobilized laminin-5 induced A375 melanoma cells to secrete matrix metalloproteinase-9 (type IV collagenase) into the culture medium. These results strongly suggest that the interaction of laminin-5 produced in the epidermis with alpha 3 beta 1 integrin on melanoma cells is involved in cell migration, invasion, and degradation of extracellular matrix proteins.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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