Abstract Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is widely associated with cognitive impairment and language problems. KS patients may also exhibit psychiatric symptoms. We present the case of an 18-year-old man ...with KS who experienced rapidly repeating relapses of manic episodes. He was unresponsive to the usual pharmacotherapies for bipolar disorders such as mood stabilizers and second-generation antipsychotics. Mood was eventually improved with testosterone therapy in addition to pharmacotherapy, with no relapse of manic episodes for 3 years after discharge. Testosterone therapy may prevent relapsing manic episodes of bipolar disorder in patients with KS.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Mental health has emerged as an important public health concern in recent years. With a high proportion of children and adolescents affected by mental disorders, it is important to ensure that they ...are provided with proper care and treatment. With the goal of sharing the activities and good practices on child and adolescent mental health promotion, care, and treatment in Japan and the Philippines, the National Center for Global Health and Medicine conducted a training program on the promotion of mental health focused on treatment and care in Japan and the Philippines in September and November 2019.
The training program comprised of a series of lectures, site visits, and round table discussions in Japan and the Philippines. The lectures and site visits focused on the current situation of child and adolescent psychiatry, diagnosis of childhood mental disorders, abuse, health financing for mental disorders, pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and disaster child psychiatry in both countries. Round table discussions provided an opportunity to explore the similarities and differences between the two countries in terms of the themes discussed during the lectures.The training program identified the need to collaborate with other professionals to improve the diagnosis of mental disorders in children and adolescents and to increase the workforce capable of addressing mental health issues among children and adolescents. It also emphasized the importance of cooperation between government efforts during and after disasters to ensure that affected children and their families are provided with the care and support that they need.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 left behind many survivors with emotional/mental symptoms related to their traumatic experience.•This study wasa series of questionnaire-based ...cross-sectional surveys. Questionnaires regarding traumatic symptoms and environmental damage conditions were distributed to the parents of kindergarteners at 8, 20, 30, and 42 months after GEJE.•This study found that the traumatic symptoms of kindergarteners who survived the massive tsunami did not improve with time.•Thetraumaticsymptoms of kindergarteners were not related to disaster experiences.
The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and tsunami of March 11, 2011 left behind many survivors, including children. This study aimed to assess changes in traumatic symptoms with time among kindergarteners who experienced GEJE as infants and to discuss the relationship between these symptoms and the disaster experience.
The 15-item Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms for Children (PTSSC-15) questionnaire were distributed to the parents of kindergarteners (children aged 4–5 years) at 8, 20, 30, and 42 months after GEJE. Questionnaires regarding environmental damage conditions affecting the children were distributed to teachers 8 months after the tsunami.
The number of kindergarteners was 262, 255, 236, and 202 at 8, 20, 30, and 42 months after the disaster. The PTSSC-15 total score was not different between kindergartners with and without environmental damage conditions. After 8 and 20 months, the PTSSC-15 total score of children who usually ate breakfast was significantly higher than that of children who did not. Moreover, after 30 and 42 months, the PTSSC-15 total score of kindergarteners who usually ate breakfast was not significantly higher than that of kindergarteners who did not.
The traumatic symptoms of kindergarteners were not related to disaster experiences.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Natural disasters such as earthquakes can cause substantial damage and trauma, especially to children. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of disaster experience on psychological ...symptoms, suicide risk, and associated factors in junior high school students 5 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE). The hypothesis of this study was that psychological symptoms and suicide risk of junior high school students are associated with disaster experience.
A cross-sectional survey consisting of questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with students at two junior high schools in Ishinomaki city, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, about psychological symptoms, disaster situations, and their current environment 5 years after the GEJE was conducted. In total, data from 264 (117 boys 44.3% and 147 girls 55.7%) students were analyzed.
There were no associations between disaster experience and PTSSC-15, DSRS-C, and SCAS scores. Those with evacuation experience and still living in temporary housing had significantly higher scores on the oppositional defiant behavior inventory (ODBI). Of these students, 29 (11.0%) were considered to have suicide risk 5 years after the GEJE. The presence of depressive symptoms was the only factor related to suicide risk; no associations were found with sex, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, or other factors reported in previous studies, including disaster experience.
Disaster experience was not associated with psychological symptoms (PTSD, depression, anxiety) and suicide risk in junior high school students 5 years after the GEJE. The suicide risk appears to be the same as that in the general population in Japan. However, attention should be paid to externalization problems and depressive symptoms, an important suicide risk factor, even 5 years after the GEJE.
The aim of this study was to develop an automated method of segmenting the cerebrum, cerebellum-brain stem, and temporal lobe simultaneously on magnetic resonance (MR) images.
We obtained T1-weighted ...MR images from 10 normal subjects and 19 patients with brain atrophy. To perform automated volumetry from MR images, we performed the following three steps: (1) segmentation of the brain region; (2) separation between the cerebrum and the cerebellum-brain stem; and (3) segmentation of the temporal lobe. Evaluation was based on the correctly recognized region (CRR) (i.e., the region recognized by both the automated and manual methods).
The mean CRRs of the normal and atrophic brains were 98.2% and 97.9% for the cerebrum, 87.9% and 88.5% for the cerebellum-brain stem, and 76.9% and 85.8% for the temporal lobe, respectively.
We introduce an automated volumetric method for the cerebrum, cerebellum-brain stem, and temporal lobe on brain MR images. Our method can be applied to not only the normal brain but also the atrophic brain.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
Fucoidan is a series of sulfated polysaccharides derived from brown algae, and have reported to have various biological activities. Previously, we demonstrated that fucoidan derived from ...Cladosiphon okamuranus and Undaria pinnatifida effectively augmented anti-tumor immunity in combination with Agaricus blazei mycelia extract. In this study, we evaluated the capacity of the fucoidan-agaricus mix (FAM) to enhance oral mucosal immune function. Fifteen healthy volunteers (mean age, 41.2 years old; range, 22–56 years old; 8 males, 7 females) ingested 4 capsules each containing 250 mg FAM powder every day for 12 weeks. As a result, the mean of secretory rates of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) tended to be increased by the FAM administration for 4 and 12 weeks as compared with the initial value. The enhanced salivary sIgA secretion was more distinctly observed in subject group whose initial values of salivary sIgA secretory rate were lower than the total average. Furthermore, the intake of FAM led to significant augmentation in the salivary sIgA secretion (by 1.3-fold) in the group of subjects under 40 years of age. On the other hand, concanavalin A-induced blastogenic response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum IgA concentration was not elevated during this trial. Therefore, it was suggested that FAM stimulated functional maturation rather than expansion of B lymphocyte. The intake of FAM did not significantly affect NK cell activities. In addition, the safety of FAM consumption was confirmed because no abnormal findings were observed in general clinical tests. From the results, it was suggested that intake of FAM was useful in augmentation of oral mucosal immune defense via enhancing salivary sIgA production.
The present study was performed for determining the optimal timing of MR sialography by use of the Japanese pickled plum (
umeboshi
) for promoting secretion by the salivary glands. MR sialography ...was performed in four healthy male volunteers. The four volunteers were examined before and 10 min after stimulation with
umeboshi
. On the next examination, three volunteers were examined before and after
umeboshi
stimulation every 1 min up to 5 min to allow assessment of the temporal changes in duct visualization. Dilatation of the salivary gland ducts and improvement of the visualization of the ducts were obtained after stimulation with
umeboshi
. The difference in the dilatation of the parotid duct was statistically significant. In the temporal study, the salivary gland ducts were shown to be dilated at 2 min after stimulation. As a result, 2 min after stimulation is the optimal timing for MR sialography by use of
umeboshi
as a stimulator of salivary secretion.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The cerebellum is involved not only in the motor function but also in cognition and emotion. Therefore, impairment of the cerebellum is associated with cognitive deficits and affective symptoms in ...addition to motor deficits, which is known as cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CAAS). We herein report a case of psychomotor excitation caused by CAAS in which a multifaceted approach was effective.The patient was a 20-year-old woman. She had received surgery for cerebellar astrocytoma in her childhood. She experienced a problem with walking at 18 years of age following emergency surgery for obstructive hydrocephaly, an aftereffect of the surgery for astrocytoma. Since then, her walking problem worsened every time she received surgery for obstructive hydrocephaly, which seriously afflicted her. At 20 years of age, she had severe psychomotor excitation and self-harmed with suicidal ideation during hospitalization in the neurosurgery unit of Kumamoto University Hospital. She was moved to the neuropsychiatry unit and diagnosed with CAAS. Although her psychomotor excitation was ifficult to treat with medication alone, the combination of medication, psychological treatment and environmental coordination was effective. She was then able to move to a rehabilitation hospital.In addition to CAAS, psychological and environmental factors were involved in her psychomotor excitation. Therefore, it is considered that medication alone was not effective and that the combination of medication, psychological treatment and environmental coordination, known as the bio-psycho-social approach, was effective for improving the psychomotor excitation caused by CAAS.
Abstract
Fucoidan is a series of sulfated polysaccharides derived from brown algae that mainly consist of L-fucose. Fucoidan have various biological activities, and our investigation with ...experimental animal models and a healthy human trial demonstrated fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus and Undaria pinnatifida effectively augmented anti-tumor immunity in combination with agaricus mycelium extract. In this context, we have reported that feeding of the fucoidan-agaricus mix (FAM) protected mice from immunosuppressive effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In current study, we confirmed dose-dependent immunoprotective effects of the dietary FAM (at 20 and 40 mg/day) by observing recovery in spleen weight, NK cell activity and IFN-γ production in 5-FU-treated mice. Furthermore, we investigated in vitro effects of FAM against 5-FU on growth and function of primary cultured immune-related cells. As the results with thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudates cells (PEC), 5-FU dose-dependently suppressed the growth whereas FAM exerted no effects. However, production of cytokines such as IL-12p40 and TNF-α in PEC were stimulated by FAM treatment even in the presence of 5-FU. In the case of bone marrow derived cells differentiated with GM-CSF and M-CSF, FAM markedly enhanced the growth and IL-12 production of these cells. From these results, it was suggested that FAM contributed to amelioration of decline in anti-tumor immune function by 5-FU treatment through activation of innate immune cells.
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