The hydrogen concentration of solutions supersaturated with hydrogen comprising dissolved hydrogen and hydrogen bubbles obtained through water electrolysis was studied. The rate of decrease in ...concentration of hydrogen nanobubble diameter below 600 nm and dissolved hydrogen with elapsed time after electrolysis was seemed to be independent of ionic strength and ion type and storage temperature. The concentration of hydrogen nanobubbles (mol dm
−3) in electrolyzed water decreases with ionic strength, while the total hydrogen concentration remains roughly constant. The hydrogen nanobubble concentration increases in accordance with the nature of ions existing in solution in the following order I
− < Br
− < Cl
− and K
+ < Li
+ < Na
+. It is shown that the ratio of hydrogen nanobubble concentration to total hydrogen concentration of hydrogen in a catholyte strongly depends on the ratio in the supersaturated hydrogen solution near the electrode surface.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
In an attempt to develop a new intensive chemotherapy for adults with untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), 3 sequential programs were designed for 62 patients (age range, 15 to 74 years; ...median age, 32 years) consisting of the LVP-79 (1979-1984, 27 patients), LVP-85 (1984-1986, 14 patients), and LVP-87 (1987-1989, 21 patients) regimens. The influence of clinical and biologic characteristics on the patient outcome was also examined. L-asparaginase (L-asp), vincristine, and prednisolone, defined collectively as LVP, were administered for induction chemotherapy in all protocols. After achieving complete remission (CR), patients underwent 2 years of multi-agent consolidation, intensification, and maintenance therapy consisting of various combinations. No significant differences were noted between the 3 groups regarding CR rate or survival. In total, 47 of 62 patients (75.8%) achieved CR. The median overall survival (OS) and median CR durations were 550 days and 341 days, respectively. Overall, the estimated survival rate at 20 years was 18.1%. The disease-free survival rate at 20 years was 26.2%. According to univariate analysis, the most favorable pretreatment characteristic for achieving CR was age. A younger age (<40 years of age), platelet count >30 x 10(9)/L, having L1 morphology (French-American-British FABclassification subtype), female sex, and the absence of chromosomal abnormalities also helped improve survival rate. According to multivariate analysis, presence of Ph chromosome was found to be a major influencing factor for OS. Although higher doses of L-asp were administered than those used in previous studies, the adverse effect of L-asp was rarely identified. Therefore, it should be considered one of the key drugs for treatment of adult ALL. Further strategies still need to be developed to obtain better survival in adult ALL.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Secondary ions of carbon clusters from graphite, diamond-like carbon (DLC) and diamond have been investigated using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). A series of negative ...carbon cluster ions
C
n
-
(
n
=
1
–
15
)
were observed. Considering the electron affinities (
E
A) of the clusters, the dependence of the intensities on the value of
n was analyzed using multiple regression analyses. After subtracting the influence of
E
A, the slopes of the lines in the range of
C
1
-
–
C
9
-
were obtained. The slope was shown to be higher for graphite than for diamond. DLC shows almost similar behavior as diamond. These results indicate that negative carbon cluster ions in TOF-SIMS can be strongly correlated with the matrix.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Oral papilloma is a benign tumourous lesion. Part of this lesion is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We analysed the genetical and histopathological evidence for HPV type 2 ...infection in three oral papillomas. Southern blot hybridization showed HPV 2a sequence in one lesion. Cells of the positive specimen appeared to contain high copy numbers of the viral DNA in an episomal state. In situ staining demonstrated virus capsid antigen in koilocytotic cells and surrounding cells in the hyperplastic epithelial layer. Two other specimens contained no HPV sequences by labeled probe of full length linear HPVs 2a, 6b, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 DNA under low stringency hybridization conditions. These results showed the possibility that HPV 2 plays a role in oral papilloma.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A 38-year-old male patient with chronic myelocytic leukemia in the first chronic phase underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from an HLA identical sibling. He developed chronic ...graft-versus-host disease and his condition gradually deteriorated. Fourteen months after BMT, acute progressive anemia, thrombocytopenia, reticulocytosis, increased serum lactic dehydrogenase and increased serum bilirubin were revealed following treatment with cyclosporine A (240mg/day i.v.), prednisolone (60mg/day i.v.) and azathioprine (1OOmg/day p.o.). Red blood cell fragmentations were also found microscopically. At that time, the serum cyclosporine A trough level was 1, 300ng/ml by the polyclonal antibody RIA method. These symptoms were resolved by discontinuation of cyclosporine A and administrations of aspirin, cilostazol, and dipyridamole as anti-platelet agents. We consider this phenomenon to be microangiopathic hemolytic anemia due to a serum high cyclosporine A level which resulted from the concomitant use of cyclosporine A with prednisolone. (Internal Medicine 31 : 434-437, 1992)
I investigated the polymerization shrinkage of composite resin restoration materials and stress created in the cavity preparations by this shrinkage as a function of cavity depth, area of adhesion ...and pressure welding. Various cavity depths were prepared in multi-crystalline glass. There was an increase in gap formation as the cavity depth increased and as the consistency of the composite resin decreased. Gap formation was greater with light-cured than chemically-cured resins. Pressure welding was not effective in decreasing gap formation. Crack formation was influenced by depth of cavity preparation and mode of curing, but not by consistency of the composite resin or pressure welding.
The early stage of cross-link formation in bone collagen was studied in a cell culture system. An osteogenic cell line that produces and accumulates a remarkably high amount of collagen, and that ...eventually forms bone-like structures, was used in this study for its time-dependent development of reducible cross-links. It was found that precursors of the cross-link, dehydro-dihydroxynorleucine and dehydro-hydroxynorleucine became detectable as soon as the cells attained a confluent state. They showed maximal amounts at days 3-5 after confluence, but substantially disappeared at day 10 after confluence. In contrast, two characteristic cross-links of bone collagen, dehydro-dihydroxylysinorleucine (dehydro-DHLNL) and dehydro-hydroxylysinorleucine (dehydro-HLNL), which were present in trace amounts at the stage of cell confluence, gradually increased in amount and reached a plateau at day 10, just when their precursors disappeared. Thus, it was found that there was a time lag of about a week between the maximal formations of precursors and cross-links of bone collagen in this system. The significance of this time lag was interpreted in terms of the minimum essential accumulation of collagen for the precursor-product transition. The ratio of dehydro-DHLNL to dehydro-HLNL was as low as 0.7 at day 3 after confluency, increased to 4.2 at day 20, the period just before mineralization began, and decreased thereafter, suggesting a qualitative change in bone collagen associated with mineralization.
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