Argument a contrario Keršić, Marin
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
07/2022, Volume:
59, Issue:
2
Paper, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Argument a contrario jest argument koji se učestalo koristi u sudskoj praksi, ali i u svakodnevnom zaključivanju. Iako se argument možda čini kao jedan od jednostavnijih, otvara prostor za brojna ...teorijska i praktična pitanja, među kojima ističemo sljedeća: pitanje uvjerljivosti zaključivanja po suprotnosti, odnosa argumenta s drugim argumentima i tumačenjem (prije svega, argumentom analogije, suženim, doslovnim i proširenim tumačenjem i ciljnim tumačenjem) te pitanje odnosa sa „šutnjom“ normotvorca. Strukturno, autor u radu prvo u uvodu prikazuje pojam i karakteristike argumenta. Nakon toga, objašnjavaju se varijante argumenta: interpretativna i produktivna (prema Guastiniju) te slaba i jaka (prema Peczeniku). Rad nastavlja s analizom i formalizacijom strukture argumenta, uz poseban osvrt na jaku i slabu pragmatičku negaciju i njihov utjecaj na zaključivanje a contrario. Iznesena shvaćanja potom su prikazana u odlukama Suda Europske unije i Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Na temelju iznesenoga, autor u radu iznosi zaključke relevantne za pravnu znanost, a potencijalno i za sudačko rasuđivanje.
Argument a contrario Keršić, Marin
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
07/2022, Volume:
59, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Argument a contrario jest argument koji se učestalo koristi u sudskoj praksi, ali i u svakodnevnom zaključivanju. Iako se argument možda čini kao jedan od jednostavnijih, otvara prostor za brojna ...teorijska i praktična pitanja, među kojima ističemo sljedeća: pitanje uvjerljivosti zaključivanja po suprotnosti, odnosa argumenta s drugim argumentima i tumačenjem (prije svega, argumentom analogije, suženim, doslovnim i proširenim tumačenjem i ciljnim tumačenjem) te pitanje odnosa sa „šutnjom“ normotvorca. Strukturno, autor u radu prvo u uvodu prikazuje pojam i karakteristike argumenta. Nakon toga, objašnjavaju se varijante argumenta: interpretativna i produktivna (prema Guastiniju) te slaba i jaka (prema Peczeniku). Rad nastavlja s analizom i formalizacijom strukture argumenta, uz poseban osvrt na jaku i slabu pragmatičku negaciju i njihov utjecaj na zaključivanje a contrario. Iznesena shvaćanja potom su prikazana u odlukama Suda Europske unije i Vrhovnog suda Republike Hrvatske. Na temelju iznesenoga, autor u radu iznosi zaključke relevantne za pravnu znanost, a potencijalno i za sudačko rasuđivanje.
The argument a contrario is an argument that is frequently used in judicial practice, but also in everyday reasoning. Although the argument a contrario may seem one of the simplest, it raises many theoretical and practical issues, such as: the question of the persuasiveness of conclusions by contrast, the relation of the argument to other arguments and to interpretation (especially the argument by analogy and the narrow, literal and extended interpretation, as well as the teleological interpretation), and the relation to the “silence” of the legislator. Structurally, in the introduction, the author first introduces the concept and characteristics of the argument. Then, the variants of the argument are explained: interpretive and productive (according to Guastini) and weak and strong (according to Peczenik). The paper continues with the analysis and formalization of the structure of the argument, with particular reference to the strong and weak pragmatic negation and their implications for the conclusion a contrario. The views expressed are then presented in the decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the Supreme Court of the Republic of Croatia. On this basis, the author presents conclusions that are relevant for legal scholarship, and possibly for judicial reasoning.
Đenoveška škola pravnog realizma Keršić, Marin
Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu,
08/2020, Volume:
57, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
U radu su predstavljene neke temeljne ideje đenoveškog pravnog realizma, smjera u teoriji prava koji se javlja u drugoj polovici 20. st. u Italiji, te njegovi najistaknutiji predstavnici. Cilj je ...rada ukazati na relevantnost nekih ideja talijanske teorije prava za hrvatsku pravnu znanost te njihove praktične implikacije. Strukturno, u radu su prvo izložena obilježja pravnog realizma općenito (skandinavskog i američkog), a potom i obilježja đenoveškog pravnog realizma kao jedne njegove varijante. Predstavnici škole o kojima se u radu govori su Giovanni Tarello, Riccardo Guastini, Paolo Comanducci, Mauro Barberis, Pierluigi Chiassoni i Giovanni Battista Ratti, a u radu se razmatra sljedeće: ideja o središnjoj ulozi tumačenja i višeznačnosti samog pojma; popis od 15 interpretativnih argumenata koji može (ili bi trebao) služiti kao svojevrstan alat tumačima; karakteristike pravila i načela (kao dviju vrsta normi) i njihovo razlikovanje; tumačenje i način primjene ustavnih načela; implicitne (prešutne) norme; antinomije i načini rješavanja sukoba koji nastanu između samih kriterija za rješavanje antinomija; primjena logike u pravu kroz primjenu teorije skupova na pravo te pojam otklonjivosti (derogabilnosti).
This paper presents some fundamental ideas of Genoese legal realism, a school of thought that emerged in the second half of the 20th century, and its most prominent members. The paper aims to point out the relevance of certain contemporary ideas in the Italian theory of law for Croatian legal science and their practical implications. Structurally, the paper first outlines the characteristics of legal realism in general (Scandinavian and American legal realism), and then the characteristics of Genoese legal realism as one of its variants. Representatives of the school discussed in the paper are Giovanni Tarello, Riccardo Guastini, Paolo Comanducci, Mauro Barberis, Pierluigi Chiassoni and Giovanni Battista Ratti, while the following is discussed in the paper: the idea of the central role of interpretation and the ambiguity of the term; a list of 15 arguments that can (or should) serve as a tool for interpreters; characteristics and differentiation of rules and principles (as two types of norms); interpretation and method of application of constitutional principles; implicit (tacit) norms; antinomies and criteria for resolving conflicts that arise between the criteria for resolving conflicts between antinomies; the application of logic in law through the application of set theory and the notion of defeasibility.
Rad se bavi antinomijama izmedu ustavnih načela analizirajući odvagivanje kao jednu od metoda za rješavanje problema. Konkretno, autor je usredotočen na odvagivanje u kontekstu testa razmjernosti ...(proporcionalnosti) i pitanje „težine prava. Strukturno, u radu se prvo analiziraju pojmovi ustavnih načela i antinomija. Zatim se navedeni pojmovi kontekstualiziraju u pravnom poretku Republike Hrvatske na primjeru sukoba izmedu zaštite osobnog i obiteljskog života, dostojanstva, ugleda i časti (čl. 35. Ustava Republike Hrvatske) i slobode mišljenja i izražavanja misli (čl. 38. Ustava Republike Hrvatske). Analizirajući praksu Ustavnog suda Republike Hrvatske i Europskog suda za ljudska prava u rješavanju navedenog sukoba, u radu se iznose teorijski zaključci vezani uz odvagivanje i pitanje „težine prava. Rad ima dva cilja: prvi je ukazati na probleme prisutne u odvagivanju koji se odnose na ideju „težine prava; drugi je iznijeti prijedloge koji bi mogli doprinijeti jasnijem shvaćanju navedenih pojmova.
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This paper deals with the antinomies between constitutional principles by analysing balan- cing as one of the methods to solve the problem. More specifically, the author focuses on the balancing test ...in the context of proportionality and the question of the “weight” of the right. Firstly, the paper analyses the notions of constitutional principles and antinomies. Next, the- se notions are contextualised in the legal system of the Republic of Croatia using the example of the conflict between the protection of private and family life, dignity, reputation, and ho- nour (Art. 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia), freedom of thought and expre- ssion (Art. 38 of the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia). By deploying the analysis of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia and the European Court of Human Rights in the mentioned conflict, the paper presents theoretical conclusions regarding balancing and the question of the “weight” of the rights. The paper has two goals: First, point out the problems present in the balancing test related to the idea of the “weight” of the rights; second, present proposals that may lead to a clearer understanding of the notions introduced.
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Tema pravnih načela još uvijek je tema razmatranja u teoriji prava, kao što je i bila kada se poja- vila iz rasprava o prirodi pravnih normi i izvorima prava u drugoj polovici prošlog stoljeća. Na- ...stavljajući u okviru šireg istraživanja o pravnim načelima, ovaj se rad temelji na analizi shvaća- nja načela u diskursu hrvatske pravne znanosti. Temeljni karakter pravnih načela prepoznat je u diskursu hrvatske pravne znanosti, ali neodređenosti nije posvećena detaljna pozornost. U radu se razmatraju otvorena pitanja koja proizlaze iz odnosa pravne doktrine i pravne teorije u tim aspektima, s mogućim implikacijama za rješavanje sukoba između pravnih načela.
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The topic of legal principles has remained a well-discussed topic in legal theory since it first emerged from the discussions on the nature of legal norms and sources of law in the second half of the ...20th century. Following the framework of the broader research on legal principles, this paper builds upon the analysis of how legal principles are understood in the Croatian legal science discourse. The fundamental character of legal principles has been recognized, but indeterminacy has not been given careful attention. This paper discusses open questions arising from the relationship between legal doctrine and legal theory in these aspects, with potential implications for solving conflicts among legal principles.
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The topic of legal principles has remained a well-discussed topic in legal theory since it first emerged from the discussions on the nature of legal norms and sources of law in the second half of the ...20th century. Following the framework of the broader research on legal principles, this paper builds upon the analysis of how legal principles are understood in the Croatian legal science discourse. The fundamental character of legal principles has been recognized, but indeterminacy has not been given careful attention. This paper discusses open questions arising from the relationship between legal doctrine and legal theory in these aspects, with potential implications for solving conflicts among legal principles.
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Last Sunday, the Croatian parliamentary elections took place. Holding the elections in the middle of a pandemic triggered a broad debate on the restrictions of the right to vote proposed by the State ...Electoral Commission of the Republic of Croatia (DIP) in order to protect public health. The initial voting instructions of the Commission were substantially changed a few days before the elections after the country’s Constitutional Court got involved. Before the court’s decision people who had COVID-19 were forbidden to vote.
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