Background: Some years ago, chronic diseases were considered to be a problem for the wealthy and elderly population. Today, chronic conditions affect the poor, young, and middle-aged people in ...high-income countries. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been continuously growing for over half a century and has reached pandemic proportions. In the present study, we aimed to estimate the trends in prediabetes and DM prevalence and to determine related risk factors among Kosovo people from 2011 to 2019. Methods and Results: A population-based survey was conducted among people aged 18-69 from April 2018 to June 2019 and those aged 15-64 using the WHO STEPs instrument. Detailed findings on the magnitude of DM and impaired fasting blood glucose (FBG) are presented in this paper. Prevalence of prediabetes in 2011 at 15-64 years was 6.0% (95% CI, 4.6% - 7.9%), and in 2019 at 18-69 years was 6.1% (95% CI, 5.3% - 7.1%), not a significant difference (P>0.05). To avoid bias from different ages, we compared prevalence by age groups. Only in the age group of 35-44 we found a significant difference in the prevalence of prediabetes. In this age group, the prevalence of prediabetes was 2.4% (95% CI, 0.9%-6.1%) in 2011 and 2.7% (95%CI, 0.9%-6.1%) in 2019. In 2019, the prevalence of prediabetes was higher among males than in 2011, when females prevailed. Prevalence of DM in 2011 at 15-64 years was 7.7% (95% CI, 6.0% - 9.7%), and in 2019 at 18 – 69 years was 7.9% (95% CI, 6.9% - 9.0%), not a significant difference (P>0.05). In the age groups of 45-54 and 55-64, we found a significant difference in the prevalence of DM by years. The prevalence of DM at 45-54 years was 13.5% (95% CI, 9.2% - 19.5%) in 2011 and 7.8% (95%CI, 6.0%-10.2%) in 2019 (P=0.032). The prevalence of DM at 55-54 years was 21.6% (95% CI, 15.8% - 28.9%) in 2011 and 13.2% (95%CI, 10.6%-16.3%) in 2019 (P=0.015). The prevalence of DM was higher among females in 2011 and 2019. Conclusion: Results from 2 STEPS in Kosovo show that we have no significant increase in the prevalence of prediabetes and DM in total. At the same time, we found a significant decrease in DM in the age group 45-64.
Introduction: The urban road traffic accident (RTA) risks for the city of Zagreb, Croatia, from 1999 through 2000 were analyzed with the aim of reducing the increasing injury incidence.
Method: ...Simple and bivariate analysis using χ
2, odds ratio, and confidence interval of 95% was used to determine risks in three outcome groups: killed, severely, and mildly injured.
Results: There were 528 RTA victims consisting of 260 severely, 213 mildly injured, and 55 killed at the scene of an accident and during transportation. More fatal accidents occurred during night hours (OR
=
3.78; 95% CI, 2.08–6.85), on urban road links (OR
=
2.33; 95% CI, 1.30–4.19), and at exceeding speed limit (OR
=
2.56; 95% CI, 1.43–4.61). More people were injured than killed on urban junctions (OR
=
5.27; 95% CI, 2.21–12.57). The highest combined risk of dying or being severely injured was found in males, driving at excessive speed, on urban links, and during bad visibility (OR
=
16.15; 95% CI, 3.901–66.881).
Conclusion: These results will influence the urban traffic police enforcement measures, which will change inappropriate behavior of drivers and protect the least experienced road users.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Permanent teeth trauma is most frequent in children aged 7-9 years, and the primary school teachers (PSTs) are often the first to notice it. The aim of this study was to evaluate the competence in ...tooth avulsion clinical issues and knowledge on dental trauma of PSTs, as they can occasionally take on the role of school nurses.
Questionnaires were handed to 312 PSTs from 24 randomly selected primary schools in Zagreb, Croatia. An algorithm was designed for PST competence assessment.
Response rate amounted to 81.37% (N=255). Only 3.14% (N=8) of the PSTs would replant the permanent tooth properly and only 43.92% of them (N=112) would immediately take the child to a doctor of dental medicine. Dry tissue, as a transport medium for an avulsed tooth, was chosen by 50.20% (N=128) of the respondents. Altogether, 4.71% (N=12) of PSTs were graded as competent in case of child's tooth avulsion.
These results provided significant implications for school health, showed the educators' serious lack of knowledge in cases of dental trauma and stressed a need for continuous education of PSTs on the topic.
Family medicine practices (FMPs) make the basis for the Croatian health care system. Use of electronic health record (EHR) software is mandatory and it plays an important role in running these ...practices, but important functional features still remain uneven and largely left to the will of the software developers.
The objective of this study was to develop a novel and comprehensive model for functional evaluation of the EHR software in FMPs, based on current world standards, models and projects, as well as on actual user satisfaction and requirements.
Based on previous theoretical and experimental research in this area, we made the initial framework model consisting of six basic categories as a base for online survey questionnaire. Family doctors assessed perceived software quality by using a five-point Likert-type scale. Using exploratory factor analysis and appropriate statistical methods over the collected data, the final optimal structure of the novel model was formed. Special attention was focused on the validity and quality of the novel model.
The online survey collected a total of 384 cases. The obtained results indicate both the quality of the assessed software and the quality in use of the novel model. The intense ergonomic orientation of the novel measurement model was particularly emphasised.
The resulting novel model is multiple validated, comprehensive and universal. It could be used to assess the user-perceived quality of almost all forms of the ambulatory EHR software and therefore useful to all stakeholders in this area of the health care informatisation.
Tobacco use continues to be the leading global cause of preventable death. Most of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries, and this trend is expected to widen further over the next ...several decades. The overall objective of the study is to describe and analyse the smoking behaviours of adults in Kosova.
According to the STEPs methodology, 6,400 respondents, aged 15 - 64 years, are selected randomly within each sex and 10-year age-group. Out of 6,400 participants, 6,117 were selected, which is approximately 95.6%.
The prevalence of smoking was higher among males (37.4%) compared with females (19.7%). In all age groups, the prevalence of smoking was higher among males compared with females. Regarding the age group of 15 - 24 years, the prevalence of smoking was 16.0%, but in the age group of 25 - 34 years, it nearly doubled to the rate of 31.9%. We have a smaller increase in the age group of 35 - 44 years, and after the age of 45, it falls gradually.
The prevalence of smoking in Kosova is high compared with other countries in Eastern Europe. In future decades, Kosova will face a high probability of an increased burden of smoking-related diseases.
Aim
To examine two methods of extracting risks for undetected type 2 diabetes (T2D): derived from electronic medical record
(EMR) and family medicine (FM) assessment during pre-consultation phase. ...All risks were structured in three lists of patients’ data using Wonca International Classification Committee (WICC). Missing data were detected in each list.
Methods
A prospective study included a group of 1883 patients (aged 45-70) identified with risks. Risks were assessed based on
EMR for continuity variables and FM’s assessment for episodes of disease and personal related information. Patients were categorized with final diagnostic test in normoglycaemia, impaired fasting glycaemia and undetected T2D.
Results
Total prevalence of diabetes was 10.9% (new 1.4%), of which 59.3% were females; mean age was 57.4. The EMR risks
were hypertension in 1274 patients (yes 67.6%, no 27.9%, missing 4.4%), hypolipemic treatment in 690 (yes 36.6%, no 30.9%, miss 32.5%). In the episodes of disease: gestational diabetes mellitus in 31 women (yes 2.8%, missing 97.2%). Personal information: family history of diabetes in 649 (yes 34.5%, no 12.4%, missing 53.1%), overweight in 1412 (yes 75.0%, no 8.4%, missing 16.6%), giving birth to babies >4000g in 11 women (yes 0.9%, missing 99.1%). Overweight alone was the best predictor for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, OR: 2.11 (CI: 1.41-3.15) (p<.001).
Conclusion
Two methods of extraction could not detect data for episodes of the disease. In the list of personal information, FMs
could not assess overweight for one in six patients and family history for every other patient. The study can stimulate improving coded and structured data in EMR.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
doi: 10.1111/j.1741‐2358.2011.00552.x
Study of temporomandibular joint disorder in older patients by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Objectives: To compare characteristics in older patients in a ...sample of the general population of those with temporomandibular joint disorder (TMJD).
Materials and methods: A prospective study was carried out between 2001 and 2008 in patients with TMJD. The whole sample consisted of 141 patients divided in two groups: 31 patients aged over 60 (median age 67.9, ranging from 60 to 82) and the remaining 110 patients (median age 36.3, ranging from 12 to 59) who were seeking treatment. Clinical diagnostics was confirmed by MRI. Pain intensity was rated on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0‐10).
Results: There was no statistical difference between average pain in older patients (6.2) and patients aged up to 59 (5.7) evaluated by VAS. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.002) in pain duration: older patients reported shorter duration of experienced pain (7.8 months) than patients aged up to 59 (12.2 months).
Conclusion: In this study, it was found that 22% were older patients with TMJD. A higher level of anxiety was shown in both patients’ groups, regardless of shorter pain experience in the older patients.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The application of information and communication technologies (ICT) in nursing is an integral part of the educational curriculum at the university graduate level of nursing, but also part of ...scientific and professional meetings on nursing informatics. As part of seminars, students are obliged to choose e-health topics from their working environment, to show them and discuss with colleagues. The same is happening at meeting on nursing informatics. Selected papers on the issue are chosen to cover information literacy of nurses, examples of e-nursing, ICT infrastructure, the possible future developments and organizational aspects of e-health at healthcare institutions. Among others, special attention is paid to improving the quality of work in nursing.
Evaluation of teleconsultation systems Kern, Josipa
International journal of medical informatics (Shannon, Ireland),
03/2006, Volume:
75, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The aim of this study was to identify criteria used for evaluation of teleconsulatation systems in evaluation studies, and to estimate trend of their changes. Evaluation of teleconsultation (TC) ...systems was made on the basis of 82 evaluation studies from the
inventory of evaluation studies in medical informatics consisting of all the information and communication technology (ICT) evaluation studies published in 1982–2002. In order to estimate trend of changes in using evaluation criteria, the whole period with at least one evaluation study, it means the period of 1995–2002 was divided to 2 of 4 years, 1995–1998 and 1999–2002. Proportions of evaluation studies according to any single criterion were calculated. Index of changes
I
c
i
for
ith criterion was defined as difference of proportion of studies evaluating teleconsultation by using a certain criterion in the second period and the same proportion in the first period divided by the number of all studies evaluating teleconsultation systems. This research showed that
hardware and technical aspects were the leading evaluation criterion, but it has been decreasing (from 74.2% in the first period to 43.1% in the second one).
Satisfactions of both health care provider and patient achieved the highest increase in the second period (from 3.2 to 19.6% and from 0 to 15.7%, respectively).
Appropriateness and
cost of patient care were on the second place (from 22.6 to 33.3% and from 16.1 to 23.5%, respectively). Considering defined index of changes it can be concluded that there are four criteria for evaluation of teleconsultation systems, having a positive trend (in frequency of evaluation studies):
user satisfaction (
I
c
=
0.20), satisfaction
of patient with patient care (
I
c
=
0.19),
appropriateness of patient care (
I
c
=
0.13) and
cost of patient care (
I
c
=
0.09).
Hardware and technical aspects shows negative trend in the number of evaluation studies (
I
c
=
−0.38), as well as
cost of IT (
I
c
=
−0.10).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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