This book presents research focused on young emergent bilingual children's multimodal meaning-making processes in diverse cultural and linguistic settings. Chapters draw on a range of theoretical ...frameworks and expand on traditional notions of literacy, especially for students who are working to learn English as a new language. The insights into original research studies will help readers understand the many avenues that one can take as a practitioner in order to ensure that student assets are built upon to promote positive literate identities and learning experiences and, ultimately, to promote literacy success for diverse learners. Each chapter includes practical pedagogical recommendations and implications for teachers that can immediately be applied to classrooms, making the book an essential resource for using multiple modes to teach literacy with diverse student populations.
Differential gene expression profiling of esophageal adenocarcinoma Hammoud, Zane T., MD; Badve, Sunil, MD; Zhao, Qianqian, MS ...
Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
04/2009, Volume:
137, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Background Differential gene expression offers an attractive means by which to study genes that may be involved in disease development and/or progression. We performed quantitative gene expression in ...various stages of esophageal adenocarcinoma, treated exclusively by surgery with complete 2-field lymphadenectomy, in an attempt to discern genes involved in disease progression as well as genes that may predict survival. Methods Gene expression profiling was accomplished by cDNA-mediated annealing, selection, extension, and ligation (DASL) assay. RNA was extracted from 89 archived formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal adenocarcinoma tissues. DASL assay was performed with the Sentrix Universal Array (Illumina Corp, San Diego, Calif) of 502 known cancer-related genes. Bioinformatics tools were used to determine significant differential gene expression in T1-2 versus T3-4 tumors and tumors without lymph node involvement (N0) versus tumors with lymph node involvement (N+). Gene expression was also correlated with overall survival. Results Twenty-one genes were overexpressed in T1-2 compared with T3-4 tumors (false discovery rate of 0). Underexpression of 1 gene was seen in N+ compared with N0 tumors (false discovery rate of 0). For overall survival, underexpression of 9 genes correlated with long survival. Conclusions Using differential gene expression of 502 known cancer genes, we identified genes that may be involved at various stages in the progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma. We also identified genes that may correlate with prolonged survival and, thus, may serve as prognostic markers. These findings may provide further insight into the mechanisms of development and/or progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Prospective studies are needed to verify the prognostic value of these genes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Summary
Tapered oral dexamethasone for acute chest syndrome (ACS) in sickle cell anaemia was studied using a novel ACS assessment tool and investigational biomarkers. Twelve participants were ...randomized (mean age 17·3 years) before early study termination. Dexamethasone decreased duration of hospitalization for ACS by 20·8 h compared to placebo (P = 0·024). Rebound pain occurred in both groups (3 dexamethasone versus 1 placebo). Overall, dexamethasone decreased the leucocyte activation biomarker, sL‐selectin; however, participants with rebound pain had higher sL‐selectin within 24 h of treatment (dexamethasone or placebo). This ACS assessment tool was feasibly applied, and sL‐selectin is a promising biomarker of ACS therapy.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Treatment of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors frequently requires bleomycin-combination chemotherapy followed by resection of residual disease. Bleomycin administration however raises concerns with ...respect to postoperative respiratory complications, particularly for patients undergoing large pulmonary resections. We undertook an institutional review to determine the outcome of large pulmonary resections after bleomycin-combination chemotherapy.
Between 1981 and 2001, 530 patients presented to our institution for resection of residual intrathoracic disease for either metastatic testicular or primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. We subsequently reviewed 32 of these patients who required pneumonectomy (n = 19; right = 9, left = 10) or bilobectomy (n = 13) after bleomycin-combination chemotherapy.
There were four operative deaths (13%). All postoperative deaths occurred in patients undergoing right-sided resections (pneumonectomy, n = 2; bilobectomy, n = 2) as a consequence of pulmonary complications. Operative survivors had a pulmonary morbidity of 18%. Fourteen of 20 long-term survivors were found to have a satisfactory performance status at follow-up.
Otherwise young and healthy male nonseminomatous germ cell tumors patients requiring large pulmonary resections after bleomycin-combination chemotherapy appear to be at higher than anticipated risk for pulmonary-related morbidity and mortality. However long-term survivors report an acceptable functional status.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term survival benefits of bypass surgery and angioplasty versus medical therapy in 9263 patients at Duke University Medical Center between 1984 and 1990 ...with coronary artery disease confirmed by cardiac catheterization to involve one, two, or three vessels. Clinical data were prospectively entered into an established cardiovascular database, and annual follow-up was 97% complete for a mean interval of 5.3 years and a maximal interval of 10 years. Outcomes were analyzed with the Coronary Artery Surgery Study “method A” to define patient groups treated by medicine (
n = 2449), angioplasty (
n = 2924), or bypass surgery (
n = 3890). Differences among treatment groups in baseline characteristics were adjusted by Cox proportional hazard models. The anatomic severity of coronary artery stenosis best defined survival benefit from bypass surgery and angioplasty versus medical treatment. One or both interventional treatments provided better long-term survival than did medical treatment for all levels of disease severity. All patients with single-vessel disease, except those with at least 95% proximal left anterior descending stenosis, benefited from angioplasty versus bypass. All patients with three-vessel disease and those two-vessel patients with ≥95% proximal left anterior descending stenosis benefited from bypass surgery versus angioplasty. All other patients with two-vessel disease and those with ≥95% proximal left anterior descending stenosis only had similar survival with either interventional treatment. The absolute survival benefit was greatest for patients with severe three-vessel disease treated with bypass surgery. (J T
HORAC C
ARDIOVASC S
URG 1996;111:1013-25)
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the pattern of mediastinal dissemination of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of testicular origin and evaluate variables that may influence ...survival with mediastinal dissection in patients with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Methods: From 1981 to 2000, a total of 421 patients were seen at our institution for extirpation of residual lung or mediastinal disease after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. We reviewed 268 of these patients, with a mean age of 26.8 years, who required at least one surgical procedure to remove residual mediastinal disease. Pathologic types of resected residual mediastinal disease were necrosis (15%), teratoma (59%), persistent nonseminomatous germ cell cancer (15%), and non-germ cell carcinomatous degeneration (11%). Twelve variables were evaluated by univariate analyses, and four variables potentially statistically significant at P <.10 were subsequently entered into a Cox regression model. Results: All patients demonstrated metastases to the visceral mediastinum. Fewer patients also demonstrated metastases to the paravertebral sulcus or anterior compartments (16% and 7%, respectively). Overall 5- and 10-year survivals were 86% ± 2% and 74% ± 4%, respectively. According to multivariate analysis, disease-related survival was negatively influenced by an elevated preoperative β-human chorionic gonadotropin level (P =.028) and adverse pathologic characteristics of residual mediastinal disease (P =.006). Conclusions: Testicular nonseminomatous germ cell tumors follow a predictable pattern of mediastinal dissemination, primarily following the course of the thoracic duct and its major tributaries. Patients who require surgery to remove residual mediastinal disease after cisplatin-based chemotherapy for metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have good to excellent long-term survivals. These results justify an aggressive surgical approach, including multiple surgical procedures if clinically indicated.
J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:913-23
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PURPOSE: The association between myocardial perfusion imaging defects and cardiac mortality in women is undefined. We examined whether myocardial perfusion imaging predicted cardiac mortality in men ...and women and compared this with other variables influencing prognosis.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Six academic institutions with high-volume nuclear cardiology laboratories consecutively studied 5,009 men aged 62 ± 12 years (mean ISD) and 3,402 women aged 66 ± 11 years with symptomatic known or suspected coronary artery disease undergoing exercise (n = 7,486) or pharmacologic stress (n = 925) myocardial perfusion imaging. A pretest clinical risk index was calculated from age, history of myocardial infarction, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Myocardial perfusion images were analyzed for stress-induced defects or any defect in the territories of the three major coronary arteries.
RESULTS: Stress-induced perfusion defects were seen in 39% of men and 25% of women (
P = 0.0001). Extensive stress-induced or fixed defects (>2 vascular territories) were less common in women than men (10% vs 19%, and 4% vs 18%, both
P = 0.0001). During a mean of 2.4 ± 1.5 years of follow-up, 143 patients died of cardiac causes. The clinical risk index and number of territories with perfusion defects were associated with cardiac mortality in women and men. In women undergoing exercise myocardial perfusion imaging, the number of abnormal territories remained the strongest correlate of mortality after adjustment for exercise variables.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of myocardial perfusion imaging are important, independent predictors of survival in both women and men.
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