Dressings for burn wound: a review Noor, Abid; Afzal, Ali; Masood, Rashid ...
Journal of materials science,
03/2022, Volume:
57, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Burn injuries are the most severe and physically debilitating injuries affecting almost every organ system resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Excision of early burn wounds and skin grafting ...are standard clinical treatments that have greatly improved the results for patients with serious burn injuries by reducing the mortality rate and hospital stay days. However, in burn management and research, skin damaging, pain, infection, slow wound healing, fluid loss, bacterial infection and selection of appropriate materials for burn wound dressings continue to remain a major challenge. In this review, we aim to present and discuss a review of dressings for burn wounds, with special emphasis on the classifications of burn wound dressings, requirements of burn wound dressings, animal models for burn wounds, different materials used in burn wound dressings and process used in burn wound dressings.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The conventional woven fabrics (plain, twill, satin, etc.) have yarn undulations, that may lead to the fibre breakage and loss of mechanical strength. This problem was resolved using unidirectional ...woven structures having straight yarns, but they provide strength in one direction only. A possible solution is the use of biaxial fabric having yarns at ±45 ° as reinforcement, but its fabrication cost is too high. The current study focussed on the development of a composite material using conventional fabrics having comparable properties with biaxial fabric composites. Three different reinforcements (plain, twill and unidirectional) were prepared using glass fibre. For composite fabrication, plies were cut, stacked at ±45° and infused with unsaturated polyester resin to produce a composite equivalent to the biaxial composite. Similarly, the stitched composites were also fabricated by stitching the similar stack (using chain stitch class 101) before impregnating with resin. Laminated composites from biaxial fabric (both stitched and unstitched) were also produced for comparison. All these composites were characterised for tensile and impact properties. The tensile strength of stitched unidirectional composites was higher as compared to the other woven and biaxial structures. Similarly, the impact strength was also higher for stitched unidirectional composite. Hence, the ±45° stacked unidirectional composite may be used as a potential replacement of biaxial composite.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The man-made fibres have the versatility of required engineered properties. The biodegradability is the need of the day. This study aimed at development of biodegradable starch based fibers using wet ...extrusion technique. The non-modified natural starch is cost efficient and wet extrusion technique will support bulk production of fibre without any change in chemical structure of material. Multiple additives such as plasticizers and binders were added to the dope solution in different concentrations to study their effect on physical properties, mechanical performance and serviceability of the wet-spun starch fibers. The ranges of additive concentrations in (% wt/v) used to make the dope solutions are as follows: starch; 38–64%, Polyvinyl Alchohol (PVA); 7–23%, glycerol; 18–39% and styrene butadiene styrene (SBS); 0–21%. The developed fibres had linear density in the range of 25 tex–44 tex with fibre diameter of about 247–301 µm. The extruded fibers were characterized for fiber strength, surface morphology, water absorption, and biodegradability. The developed fibres have maximum tenacity of 1.56 cN/tex and water absorbency of 280 g/g. The intended application for these fibres is in medical textiles as wound dressings.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Nanofiber-based facial masks have attracted the attention of modern cosmetic applications due to their controlled drug release, biocompatibility, and better efficiency. In this work,
extract
...incorporated electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber membrane was prepared to obtain a sustainable and hydrophilic facial mask. The electrospun
incorporated PVA nanofiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) drug release, water absorption analysis, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, and antibacterial activity (qualitative and quantitative) at different PVA and
concentrations. The optimized nanofiber of 376 ± 75 nm diameter was obtained at 8 wt/wt% PVA concentration and 100%
extract. The
nanoparticles of size range 50~250 nm in the extract were examined through a zeta sizer. The water absorption rate of ~660% and 17.24° water contact angle shows good hydrophilic nature and water absorbency of the nanofiber membrane. The UV-Vis also analyzed fast drug release of >70% in 5 min. The prepared membrane also exhibits 99.9% antibacterial activity against
and has 79% antioxidant activity. Moreover, the membrane also had good mechanical properties (tensile strength 1.67 N, elongation 48%) and breathability (air permeability 15.24 mm/s).
-incorporated nanofiber membrane can effectively be used for facial mask application.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study is based upon the functionalization of polypropylene (PP) by radical polymerization to optimize its properties by influencing its molecular weight. Grafting of PP was done at different ...concentrations of maleic anhydride (MAH) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The effect on viscosity during and after the reaction was studied by torque rheometer and melt flow index. Results showed that a higher concentration of BPO led to excessive side-chain reactions. At a high percentage of grafting, lower molecular weight product was produced, which was analyzed by viscosity change during and after the reaction. Percentage crystallinity increased by grafting due to the shorter chains, which consequently led to an improvement in the chain's packing. Prepared Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAH-g-PP) enhanced interactions in PP-PET blends caused a partially homogeneous blend with less voids.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The effects of temperature on the physical properties of the cellulose solutions in
N
,
N
-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) containing 9 (solvent-9) or 6 wt% (solvent-6) lithium chloride (LiCl) were ...investigated over the temperature range of 30 to 80 °C. The cellulose solution exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior over the temperature range observed. The content of LiCl affected the thermoreversible LCST behavior of cellulose solutions, which was almost thermoreversible over the temperature range of 30 to 80 °C for solvent-9 and 30 to 50 °C for solvent-6. The partial thermoreversibility of cellulose chain between 60 and 80 °C in solvent-6 could be explained by increased intramolecular interactions between cellulose molecules with increasing temperature. The thermoreversible LCST behavior of cellulose solution for solvent-9 was further supported by dynamic light scattering measurement which also verified the larger decrease of cellulose chain dimensions in solvent-6 between 60 and 80 °C. The cellulose solutions in DMAc/LiCl exhibited little thermal degradation in the short-term aging between 30 and 80 °C. However, they produced a little thermal degradation in the long-term aging between 80 and 100 °C.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Nowadays, synthetic polymers are used in medical applications due to their special biodegradable, biocompatible, hydrophilic, and non-toxic properties. The materials, which can be used for wound ...dressing fabrication with controlled drug release profile, are the need of the time. The main aim of this study was to develop and characterize polyvinyl alcohol/polycaprolactone (PVA/PCL) fibres containing a model drug. A dope solution comprising PVA/PCL with the drug was extruded into a coagulation bath and became solidified. The developed PVA/PCL fibres were then rinsed and dried. These fibres were tested for Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, linear density, topographic analysis, tensile properties, liquid absorption, swelling behaviour, degradation, antimicrobial activity, and drug release profile for improved and better healing of the wound. From the results, it was concluded that PVA/PCL fibres containing a model drug can be produced by using the wet spinning technique and have respectable tensile properties; adequate liquid absorption, swelling %, and degradation %; and good antimicrobial activity with the controlled drug release profile of the model drug for wound dressing applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We investigate fluid flow and heat transfer in a channel obstructed by nail-shaped hurdles under forced convection using the Finite Difference Method. Due to the absence of an analytical solution, ...numerical techniques are employed. The channel is geometrically transformed into a rectangular configuration using curvilinear coordinates. Elliptic grid generation is used to discretize the domain. The Navier–Stokes equations are reformulated through the vorticity stream function formulation, and the Finite Difference Method incorporates a coordinate transformation approach. Effects of Reynolds numbers between (20≤Re≤600), Prandtl numbers (0.71,17.1), and nail spans (0.1≤h≤0.7) on velocity, temperature profiles is studied. Local and Average Nusselt numbers on Nail-shaped hurdle are also calculated. The observed maximum Nusselt numbers are 13.49,27.83, and 11.86 at Ra=600,Pr=7.1, and h=0.1, respectively Results show that higher Reynolds and Prandtl numbers increase Nusselt numbers, enhancing heat transfer. Narrower nail spans improve heat transfer efficiency.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The physical properties of dilute cellulose solutions in
N,N
-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) including 9 wt% lithium chloride (LiCl) were investigated in terms of concentration, temperature and molecular ...weight of cellulose. Over the concentration range of 0.01 to 2.5 g/dL, the viscosity of the cellulose solutions exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior which proved thermoreversible between 30 and 60 °C. The LCST behavior was further supported by dynamic light scattering measurement. In the extremely dilute concentration range, 0.01 to 0.08 g/dL, the reduced viscosity (
η
red
) of cellulose solutions was increased with decreasing concentration. The anomalous coil expansion with decreasing concentration could be explained by the increase of the conductivity of cellulose solutions with decreasing concentration, which was also verified by dynamic light scattering experiment. In the concentration range of 0.1 and 2.5 g/dL, both cellulose solutions gave a drastic increase of
η
red
in the vicinity of the critical concentration (
C
*), 0.9 g/dL. The slope of the curve of
η
red
vs. concentration was higher for the cellulose of higher molecular weight, but it did not change with temperature between 30 and 60 °C.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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