The hierarchical medical care structure is an efficient means of addressing some inadequate medical capabilities. Evaluating the several degrees of disease based on the physician’s diagnosis is a ...vital step in building a hierarchical healthcare treatment strategy. This study aims to offer different dynamic T-spherical fuzzy aggregation operators (AOs) for addressing multi-period decision-making (MPDM) situations in which decision-makers (DMs) have access to all information in the form of T-spherical fuzzy numbers (T-SFNs) spanning many time periods. AOs play a crucial role in decision-making, particularly when competing considerations are present. Developing suitable solutions for the aggregation process is a crucial challenge when dealing with unclear data. ”T-spherical fuzzy dynamic Einstein weighted averaging (T-SFDEWA) operator and the T-spherical fuzzy dynamic Einstein weighted geometric (T-SFDEWG) operator” are two innovative Einstein AOs. Several appealing properties of these AOs are addressed in depth. In addition, we present a strategy for addressing MPDM difficulties using optimum solutions. A numerical illustration of a hierarchical medical care system is provided to illustrate how the suggested method could be implemented. An authenticity assessment and comparative analysis is also provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the suggested method. In practice, the proposed AOs and decision-making technique are typically useful in multi-stage and dynamic decision analysis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Nanolubricants fall among the newly evolved and emerged technologies used in lubrication and heat transfer systems due to their unique thermo-physical properties. They are crucial to the industry ...because they enhance surface performance, reduce maintenance and fuel costs and boost engine efficiency. They are also used in mechanical systems to efficiently minimize friction and surplus heat. The present investigation focuses to analyze Darcy–Forchheimer flow of magnetized ZnO-SAE50 nanolubricant across Riga plate. Riga plate is poised of an electromagnetic equator that consists of an everlasting magnet and a span-wise collection of irregular electrodes mounted over a planner surface and is utilized in achieving proficient flow. The flow takes place in the presence of viscous dissipation, heat source–sink and chemical reaction of higher order. Newtonian heating and thermophoretic particle deposition effects are also investigated in this study. The role of viscosity is quite important and dynamical in various engineering and industrial fields. The viscosity variation highly fluctuates the thermal systems. The present work also highlights the role of variable viscosity, owing to its importance. A novel micro-nano-convection model called the Patel model is invoked in perspective of the enhancement in thermal conductivity of nanolubricant. The use of ZnO-SAE50 nanolubricant (a brand-new form of nanolubricant) over Riga plate, variable viscosity effects and the application of Patel model are novel features of this study. The application of selected transformations causes the modeled PDEs to change into ODEs. The modeled problem is executed numerically with MATLAB bvp-4c solver. The alterations in the concerned profiles corresponding to various emerging parameters of interest are presented graphically in order to develop better understanding and make analysis. The outcomes reveal that larger modified Hartmann number significantly favors the velocity of nanolubricant ZnO-SAE50, while solid volume fraction, magnetic parameter and variable viscosity parameter halt it. The heat source–sink parameter, Eckert number and solid volume fraction are found to be helpful agents in improving temperature of nanolubricant ZnO-SAE50. In comparison with Newtonian heating (NH), common wall temperature condition (CWT) yields better thermal enhancement. The enhancing chemical reaction order ameliorates the concentration profile but it gets minified for chemical reaction parameter and thermophoresis parameter. The increasing values of magnetic parameter, variable viscosity parameter and inertial parameter tend to enhance the skin friction, while the modified Hartman number reduces it. The enhancing values of Eckert number, magnetic parameter and heat source–sink parameter increase the value of Nusselt number.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Heat transfer study influenced by various physical effects like thermal radiations, convective heat condition and thermal slip is one of the influential research domain specifically in applied ...thermal and chemical engineering. Therefore, the key purpose of this is to develop and discuss the heat performance of ternary nanofluid model including the effects of above mentioned parameters. The model is developed for laminar flow of ternary nanofluid about stagnation point over a cylinder's surface. Use of similarity transforms, properties of ternary nanofluids and ternary particles are exercised to obtain final model. Then, the RK-scheme is implemented for demonstration of the physical results and provided a detailed discussion. It is noticed that for λ=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4, the ternary nanoliquid movement boosted and for λ=−0.1,−0.2,−0.3,−0.4 control the motion and MBLT (Momentum Boundary Layer Thickness) diminishes for saddle point case. Increasing the transient effects A1=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20 causes quite rapid movement of the fluid molecules. Further, it is observed that thermal slip (α1=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4), surface convection Bi=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and thermal radiations are good physical aspects to enhance the heat transfer. Also, decrease in thermal boundary layer is observed. For composite φ=2.0%, density increases as 105 %(nano), 129 %(hybrid), 145 %(ternary), dynamic viscosity 105.18 %(nano), 113.503 %(hybrid), 122.483 %(ternary), thermal conductivity 106 %(nano), 115.5 %(hybrid), 131.71 %(ternary) and heat capacity diminishes.
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In flowering plants, ideal male reproductive development requires the systematic coordination of various processes, in which timely differentiation and degradation of the anther wall, especially the ...tapetum, is essential for both pollen formation and anther dehiscence. Here, we show that
, a conserved glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gene, plays a critical role in regulating anther wall degradation and pollen exine formation. The
mutant had defective synthesis of Ubisch bodies, delayed programmed cell death (PCD) of the inner three anther layers, and abnormal degradation of micropores/pollen grains, resulting in failure of pollen maturation and complete male sterility. Complementation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) experiments demonstrated that
is responsible for the male sterility phenotype. Furthermore, the expression level of tapetal PCD-related and nutrient metabolism-related genes changed significantly in the
anthers. Based on these genetic and cytological analyses,
is proposed to coordinate the differentiation and degradation of the anther wall and pollen grains in addition to regulating lipid biosynthesis. This study provides insights for understanding the function of
in regulating rice male reproductive development, and also lays a theoretical basis for hybrid rice breeding.
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•Effectiveness of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) was identified under high temperatures.•A comparative study with ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based UHPC was performed.•An efficient CAC-based UHPC ...was developed without explosive spalling.•Thermo-mechanical properties were studied under high temperatures.•Mechanisms of spalling resistance and thermo-mechanical properties were explored.
Conventional ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based UHPC is vulnerable to explosive spalling under high temperatures. This study aims to classify the role of calcium aluminate cement (CAC) as the substitution for OPC in UHPC under high temperatures and finally develop an efficient UHPC without explosive spalling. It was found that CAC-based UHPC (UHPC-CAC) and OPC-based UHPC (UHPC-OPC) reached their peak strength both at 250 °C, but the peak strength (153.8 MPa) of UHPC-CAC was higher than that (137.5 MPa) of UHPC-OPC. Explosive spalling was found in UHPC-OPC after reaching 500 °C, while no spalling was observed in UHPC-CAC even at 1000 °C. The effectiveness of CAC in reducing the mechanical degradation and preventing the spalling of UHPC was attributed to three potential mechanisms: (1) CAC had less physically bound water to cause the vapor pressure in UHPC; (2) The main hydration product (i.e., calcium aluminosilicate hydrates) decomposed to a lesser extent, compared to the hydration product (i.e., calcium silicate hydrates) of OPC, as proved by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis; (3) there exists pores coarsening in UHPC-CAC, as evidenced by micro-XCT, which could release the water pressure in UHPC and thus prevent the spalling at elevated temperatures.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present study, 28 acyl hydrazones (4–31) of flurbiprofen were synthesized in good to excellent yield by reacting different aromatic aldehydes with the commercially available drug flurbiprofen. ...The compounds were deduced with the help of different spectroscopic techniques like 1H-NMR and HREI-MS and finally evaluated for in vitro urease inhibitory activity. All of the synthesized products demonstrated good inhibitory activities in the range of IC50 = 18.92 ± 0.61 to 90.75 ± 7.71 μM as compared to standard thiourea (IC50 = 21.14 ± 0.42 μM). Compound 30 was found to be the most active among the series better than the standard thiourea. A structure–activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that the presence of electron-donating groups on the phenyl ring plays a prominent role in the inhibition of the urease enzyme. Moreover, in silico molecular modeling analysis was carried out to study the effect of substituents in synthesized derivatives on the binding interactions with the urease enzyme.
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Herbal products are preferable to synthetic medicines, and the use of traditional medicines is increasing day-by-day. The current study was designed to evaluate the potentials of bioactive compounds ...from
by performing FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, which explore the good concentration of the secondary metabolites, such as gallic acid (74.854 ppm), vanillic acid (122.616 ppm), and ferulic acid (101.045 ppm) with considerable bioactivities. Antimicrobial protein was estimated by performing SDS-PAGE, ranging from 15 to 70 kDa in all protein fractions. The current study also checked the cytotoxicity of the bioactive compounds in the active fraction of
, and to perform this activity, the groups of rats were arranged with 16 rats randomly divided into four groups (three experimental and one control) by administering various dosage of methanolic fractions in dose-dependent manner. Histopathology was conducted on the livers of the rats after 15 days of sacrifice under deep anesthesia. In liver cell slides examined at the maximum dose of 600 mg/kg, minimal morphological changes, such as slight ballooning, nuclear variation, vacuolar degeneration, and hydropic degeneration, were observed. Furthermore, the in silico analysis identified bioactive compounds as potential drug candidates.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper describes an optimization study of a spherical composite submersible pressure hull employing a genetic algorithm (GA) in ANSYS. A total of five lay-up arrangements were optimized for three ...unidirectional composites carbon/epoxy, glass/epoxy, and boron/epoxy. The minimization of the buoyancy factor (
) was selected as the design optimization objective. The Tsai-Wu and Tsai-Hill failure criteria and buckling strength factor (
) were used as the material failure and instability constraints. To determine the effect of geometric non-linearity and imperfections on the optimized design, a non-linear buckling analysis was also carried out for one selected optimized design in ABAQUS. The non-linear buckling analysis was carried out using the modified RIKS procedure, in which the imperfection size changed from 1 to 10 mm. A maximum decrease of 65.937% in buoyancy factor (
) over an equivalent spherical steel pressure hull was computed for carbon/epoxy. Moreover, carbon/epoxy displayed larger decreases in buoyancy factor (
) in the case of 4 out of a total of 5 lay-up arrangements. The collapse depth decreased from 517.95 m to 412.596 m for a 5 mm lowest mode imperfection. Similarly, the collapse depth decreased from 522.39 m to 315.6018 for a 5 mm worst mode imperfection.
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In this research, we provide tools to overcome the information loss limitation resulting from the requirement to estimate the results in the discrete initial expression domain. Through the use of ...2-tuples, which are made up of a linguistic term and a numerical value calculated between 0.5,0.5), the linguistic information will be expressed. This model supports continuous representation of the linguistic data within its scope, permitting it to express any information counting received through an aggregation procedure. This study provides a novel approach to develop a linguistic multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) approach with complex fractional orthotriple fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic (CFOF2TL) assessment details. Initially, the concept of a complex fractional orthotriple fuzzy 2-tuple linguistic set (CFO2TLS) is proposed to convey uncertain and fuzzy information. In the meantime, simple aggregation operators, such as CFOF2TL weighted average and geometric operators, are defined. In addition, the CFOF2TL Maclaurin’s symmetric mean (CFOF2TLMSM) operators and their weighted shapes are presented, and their attractive characteristics are also discussed. A new MAGDM approach is built using the developed aggregation operators to address managing economic crises under COVID-19 with the CFOF2TL information. As a result, the effectiveness and robustness of the developed method are accompanied by an empirical example, and a comparative study is carried out by contrasting it with previous approaches.
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