Alternative splicing (AS) of RNA molecules is a key contributor to transcriptome diversity. In humans, 90%–95% of multi-exon genes produce alternatively spliced RNA transcripts. Therefore, every ...single gene has the opportunity of producing multiple splice variants, including long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes that undergo RNA maturation steps such as conventional and alternative splicing. Emerging evidence suggests significant roles for these lncRNA splice variants in many aspects of cell biology. Differential changes in expression of specific lncRNA splice variants have also been associated with many diseases including cancer. This review covers the current knowledge on this emerging topic of investigation. We provide exclusive insights on the AS landscape of lncRNAs and also describe at the molecular level the functional relevance of lncRNA splice variants, i.e., RNA-based differential functions, production of micropeptides, and generation of circular RNAs. Finally, we discuss exciting perspectives for this emerging field and outline the work required to further develop research endeavors in this field.
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Laurent B. and colleagues provide in this review insights on the splicing landscape of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and describe the functional relevance of lncRNA splice variants in health and diseases. They also discuss therapeutic perspectives for this emerging field of investigation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Cubic bipolar fuzzy set (CBFS) is a powerful model for dealing with bipolarity and vagueness altogether because it contains bipolar fuzzy information and interval-valued bipolar fuzzy information ...simultaneously. In this article, we define some new notions such as concentration, dilation, support and core of a CBFS. We introduce cubic bipolar fuzzy relations (CBFRs) and some of their types. As in statistics with real variables, we define variance and covariance between two CBFSs. Then, we propose correlation coefficients and their weighted extensions on the basis of variance and covariance of CBFSs. Later on, some properties of these correlation coefficients are discussed. We explore that their values lie in −1,1. Moreover, we discuss the applications of the proposed correlation coefficients in pattern recognition and clustering analysis. Numerical examples are provided for better understanding of the applicability and efficiency of proposed correlation coefficients.
The emergence of the COVID-19 Delta variant-of-concern (VOC), a novel variant of SARS-CoV-2, has threatened the total health systems throughout the world. This highly contagious strain is spreading ...at a higher exponential rate than any other variants of COVID-19 by infecting and subsequently killing hundreds of thousands of people globally. Among the most sensitive groups, pregnant women are at high risk of increased hospitalization, pneumonia, respiratory support, and admission to intensive care units during the Delta period. Pregnant people with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased chances of Delta VOC infection. GDM patients are nine and three times more likely to be infected by Delta VOC than those pregnant patients suffering from diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and hypertension, respectively. Additionally, they are more vulnerable to Delta VOC infection than wild-type and Alpha COVID-19 VOC ones. Thus, this review critically sheds light on the current scenario of the vulnerability of pregnant mothers, especially those with GDM, to Delta VOC infection.
In this study, the energy management and switching control of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in a hybrid smart micro-grid system was designed. The charging station in this research consists ...of real market PHEVs of different companies with different sizes. The rate of charging of PHEVs is managed via switching control to receive maximum benefits from renewable energy sources and reduce the consumption of electricity from the grid. To support the optimum utilization of sustainable power, charging time and network stability, seven scenarios were developed for different interaction among the proposed micro-grid system and PHEVs. The proposed hybrid smart micro-grid system consists of three renewable energy sources: photovoltaic (PV) array controlled via an intelligent fuzzy control maximum power point subsystem, a fuel cell stack and a microturbine set controlled by proportional integral differential/proportional integral subsystems. A hybrid energy storage system (super-capacitor, battery storage bank and hydrogen) and residential load are also included in the proposed architecture. The hybrid smart micro-grid system is checked in terms of voltage regulation, frequency deviation and total harmonic distortion (THD). It was found that these are in limits according to the international standards. The simulations verify the feasibility of the proposed system and fulfill the requirement of vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle operations in a smart grid environment.
In this research work,we present the evolution of Coulomb failure stress(CFS)in the Sulaiman Lobe and its implications for seismic hazard assessment.The Chaman transform fault,~1,000 km long,is the ...major active fault that marks the western boundary between Pakistan and Afghanistan on the Indian Plate.To date,few studies have been conducted to unveil the interactions among earthquakes and the implications of these interactions for seismic hazard assessment in the region.We thoroughly investigated the published and online catalog to construct a sequence of major earthquakes that occurred in this region during the past.The final earthquake sequence was composed of 15 earthquakes of Mw≥6.0,beginning with the 1888 earthquake.We used the stress-triggering theory to numerically simulate the evolution of CFS caused by these earthquakes.The numerical results revealed that 8 out of 15 earthquakes were triggered by the preceding earthquakes.The earthquakes in 1908,1910,1935,1966,and 1997 were rather independent earthquakes in this sequence.Although the epicenters of the 1975a and 1975b earthquakes were in the stress shadow zone,the partial rupture segments of both these earthquakes were in high-CFS regions.The CFS induced by the 1935 earthquake was notable,as it later triggered the 2008 doublet.Moreover,our results revealed that the northern segment of the Chaman Fault,the southern segment of the Ghazaband Fault,and the northwestern segment of the Urghargai Fault demonstrated a high change in CFS that could trigger seismicity in these regions.The necessary arrangements must therefore be made to mitigate any possible seismic hazards in the region.
Clean energy potential can be used on a large scale in order to achieve cost competitiveness and market effectiveness. This paper offers sufficient information to choose renewable technology for ...improving the living conditions of the local community while meeting energy requirements by employing the notion of q-rung orthopair fuzzy numbers (q-ROFNs). In real-world situations, a q-ROFN is exceptionally useful for representing ambiguous/vague data. A multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) is proposed in which the parameters have a prioritization relationship and the idea of a priority degree is employed. The aggregation operators (AOs) are formed by awarding non-negative real numbers known as priority degrees among strict priority levels. Consequently, some prioritized operators with q-ROFNs are proposed named as "q-rung orthopair fuzzy prioritized averaging ($\text{q-ROFPA} _d $) operator with priority degrees and q-rung orthopair fuzzy prioritized geometric ($\text{q-ROFPG} _d $) operator with priority degrees". The results of the proposed approach are compared with several other related studies. The comparative analysis results indicate that the proposed approach is valid and accurate which provides feasible results. The characteristics of the existing method are often compared to other current methods, emphasizing the superiority of the presented work over currently used operators. Additionally, the effect of priority degrees is analyzed for information fusion and feasible ranking of objects.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a chronic and sometimes fatal condition which affects people all over the world. Nanotherapeutics have shown tremendous potential to combat chronic ...diseases—including DM2—as they enhance the overall impact of drugs on biological systems. Greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Catharanthus roseus methanolic extract (C. AgNPs) were examined primarily for their cytotoxic and antidiabetic effects. Methods: Characterization of C. AgNPs was performed by UV−vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The C. AgNPs were trialed on Vero cell line and afterwards on an animal model (rats). Results: The C. AgNPs showed standard structural and functional characterization as revealed by FTIR and XRD analyses. The zetapotential analysis indicated stability while EDX analysis confirmed the formation of composite capping with Ag metal. The cytotoxic effect (IC50) of C. AgNPs on Vero cell lines was found to be 568 g/mL. The animal model analyses further revealed a significant difference in water intake, food intake, body weight, urine volume, and urine sugar of tested rats after treatment with aqueous extract of C. AgNPs. Moreover, five groups of rats including control and diabetic groups (NC1, PC2, DG1, DG2, and DG3) were investigated for their blood glucose and glycemic control analysis. Conclusions: The C. AgNPs exhibited positive potential on the Vero cell line as well as on experimental rats. The lipid profile in all the diabetic groups (DG1-3) were significantly increased compared with both of the control groups (p < 0.05). The present study revealed the significance of C. AgNPs in nanotherapeutics.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A laboratory incubation experiment was executed to examine the role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (with PSB and without PSB) and poultry manure (4, 8 and 12 t PM ha
−1
) in improving P ...mobilization/mineralization under four different lime regimes (4.78, 10, 15 and 20% CaCO
3
M/M) for 56 days using three factorial complete randomized design (CRD) with triplicates. Phosphorus availability progressively increased over time irrespective of PSB inoculation, PM and lime levels. The PSB and PM (4–12 t ha
−1
) addition into soil significantly increased Olsen P at all incubation intervals. Post incubation PSB survival increased by 12 and 9% with inoculation and 12 t PM ha
−1
over control and 4 t PM ha
−1
, respectively. Liming ominously reduced P mobilization/mineralization by 1.3, 2.6 and 10.5% and PSB population by 6.6, 7.3 and 16.3% at 10, 15 and 20% (lime), respectively, over control at day 56. However, PSB and PM addition (with increasing rate) into soil significantly counterbalanced these ill effects of lime. Thus, the application of PSB and PM is a promising measure to enhance P availability in calcareous soils and shall be practiced.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Objective
To evaluate the results of a single stage composite cleft septorhinoplasty procedure (“The Gujrat Technique”) to correct the exaggerated cleft nose deformity after completion of nasal ...growth in an adult patient cohort.
Methods
Adult patients with a residual unilateral cleft nasal deformity were deemed eligible for the proposed “Gujrat Technique”. Over a 10-year period (2007–2017), 96 adult patients underwent this composite cleft septorhinoplasty as a single stage operation. Post-operative nasal symmetry evaluation was undertaken using the validated computer program ‘SymNose’. Functional outcome and patient satisfaction were assessed using Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale and Rhinoplasty Outcome Evaluation (ROE) questionnaires respectively. Various statistical analysis methods were used to validate the obtained results.
Results
Due to poor compliance with follow-up, post-operative assessments were undertaken in only 32 patients. The single group study design using the non-parametric matching pairs Wilcoxon Sign test (p < 0.001) showed overall good to excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes and higher scores of the digital SymNose grading system. There was a significant improvement in ROE scores (from 26.4 ± 2.9 to 85.9 ± 4.7, p < 0.001). There were no major complications or revisions needed in our series.
Conclusion
The individual components of "The Gujrat Technique" are not novel but their combination in this adult unilateral cleft rhinoplasty cohort has demonstrated a high patient satisfaction with its aesthetic appeal and functional versatility. In the background of limited resources and unpredictable patient follow up, the simplicity, reproducibility and cost effectiveness of this technique make it a practical reconstructive option.
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CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
40.
A staggering rise of HIV cases in Pakistan Abdullah; Muhammad, Riaz; Salman, Muhammad ...
Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine,
03/2023, Volume:
16, Issue:
3
Journal Article
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