The numerical techniques are regarded as the backbone of modern research. In literature, the exact solution of time delay differential models are hardly achievable or impossible. Therefore, numerical ...techniques are the only way to find their solution. In this article, a novel numerical technique known as Legendre spectral collocation method is used for the approximate solution of time delay differential system. Legendre spectral collocation method and their properties are applied to determined the general procedure for solving time delay differential system with detail error and convergence analysis. The method first convert the proposed system to a system of ordinary differential equations and then apply the Legendre polynomials to solve the resultant system efficiently. Finally, some numerical test problems are given to confirm the efficiency of the method and were compared with other available numerical schemes in the literature.
The thermophysical properties of the nanofluids override the physical properties of conventional fluids due to the high thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles. The applications of nanofluids have ...varied use in the era of bio-engineering and thermal sciences. Moreover, the nanoparticles attributed the significances in human blood arteries. Therefore, the present analysis manifests with the free convection of electrically conducting nanofluid embedding with resistive forces such that the magnetic field and permeability of the medium. The augmentation in the heat transfer properties is obtained because of the inclusion of radiative heat energy and absorption diffusion. Moreover, the nanoparticles volume fraction is focused with implementation of chemical reaction. Numerical treatment using the code in-build MATLAB code pdepeis employed for the transformed unsteady flow problem. The graphical computations against flow parameters are worked with justified physical importance. A declining change in nanoparticles is examined due to Prandtl number which is more progressive for steady case. The decreasing change in velocity is more dominant for nanoparticles as compared to pure fluid. The nanoparticles concentration reduces for effective variation of chemical reaction constant and Lewis number.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Sciatica characterized by irritation, inflammation, and compression of the lower back nerve, is considered one of the most common back ailments globally. Currently, the therapeutic regimens for ...sciatica are experiencing a paradigm shift from the conventional pharmacological approach toward exploring potent phytochemicals from medicinal plants. There is a dire need to identify novel phytochemicals with anti-neuropathic potential. This review aimed to identify the potent phytochemicals from diverse medicinal plants capable of alleviating neuropathic pain associated with sciatica. This review describes the pathophysiology of sciatic nerve pain, its cellular mechanisms, and the pharmacological potential of various plants and phytochemicals using animal-based models of sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Extensive searches across databases such as Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were conducted. The findings highlights 39 families including Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Apocyanaceae and Cucurbitaceae, effectively treating sciatic nerve injury-induced pain. Flavonoids made up 53% constituents, phenols and terpenoids made up 15%, alkaloids made up 13%, and glycosides made up 6% to be used in neuorpathic pain. Phytochemicals derived from various medicinal plants can serve as potential therapeutic targets for both acute and chronic sciatic injury-induced neuropathic pain.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Explicit solutions to delay differential equation (DDE) and stochastic delay differential equation (SDDE) can rarely be obtained, therefore numerical methods are adopted to solve these DDE and SDDE. ...While on the other hand due to unstable nature of both DDE and SDDE numerical solutions are also not straight forward and required more attention. In this study, we derive an efficient numerical scheme for DDE and SDDE based on Legendre spectral-collocation method, which proved to be numerical methods that can significantly speed up the computation. The method transforms the given differential equation into a matrix equation by means of Legendre collocation points which correspond to a system of algebraic equations with unknown Legendre coefficients. The efficiency of the proposed method is confirmed by some numerical examples. We found that our numerical technique has a very good agreement with other methods with less computational effort.
•Mathematical formulation is developed using non‐Fourier heat flux model.•Water with aluminium alloy nanoparticles flow over stretching sheet is examined.•Thermal distribution is compared between ...Newtonian heating and common wall cases.
Hybrid nanofluids are widely used in various engineering, manufacturing as well as bio-medical fields. Inspired from these applications, we discussed the flow of AA7072-AA7075/water-based hybrid nanofluid over a curved stretching sheet using non-Fourier heat flux model. Additionally, heat transference is analysed for two different boundary conditions namely, Newtonian heating (NH) and constant wall temperature (CWT). The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by opting appropriate similarity transformations. Then they are numerically solved by using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourth fifth order (RKF-45) technique by adopting shooting method. Behaviour of various parameters on flow and thermal gradients are deliberated through graphs. Also, skin friction and Nusselt number are examined graphically. Results reveal that, velocity increases for higher values of curvature parameter. Thermal distribution of assumed liquid is more in Newtonian heating case when compared to common wall temperature case for diverse values of curvature parameter and thermal relaxation parameter. The upsurge in values of curvature parameter, Newtonian heating parameter and thermal relaxation parameter improves the rate of heat transfer.
Novelty of analysis: With impressed thermal performances, the nanoparticles are assumed as an effective procedure of enhancing the conductivity performances of many normal liquids. On this end, many authors performed various investigations to disclose the thermal aspects of various nanoparticles like single-walled carbon nano-tubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), copper oxide, ferrofluid, silicon dioxide etc. However, the thermal characteristics on AA7072-AA7075/water-based hybrid nanoparticles is not analyzed and presented in the literature. This theoretical analysis access the thermal mechanism of such types of AA7072-AA7075 nanoparticles to improve the heat transfer phenomenon. A comparative analysis for improvement in heat transfer is also presented as compared to the traditional viscous materials.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The peristaltic phenomenon has intended the researcher’s attention due to its extensive applications in bio-mechanics, industries and biological sciences. The applications of peristaltic transport ...problems are observed in the transportation of cilia, food mixing in digestive tract, small blood vessels vasomtion, urine transportation etc. Following to such motivating applications in minds, this theoretical analysis presents the peristaltic flow of magnetized Jeffery fluid through accounted by curved channel in presence of heat transfer. The assumed flow is confined by different wave frames. The heat transfer inspection has been performed by utilizing the non-linear thermal radiation and joule heating features. The curvilinear coordinate system is used to model the two dimensional, laminar and incompressible Jeffrey fluid with peristaltic phenomenon. The partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations in view of appropriate quantities. The implementation of wave length with long magnitude and the assumptions of smaller Reynolds assumptions, the governing system of ordinary system is solved numerically by using shooting technique. The dynamic of involved quantities and physical variables is observed carefully. A declining observation in the temperature in all forms of waves has been noticed for increasing the viscoelastic parameter. The heat transfer coefficient for all waves enhanced for the radius of curvature. Moreover, the velocity of the fluid declines in the lower half of the channel and rises near upper wall of the curved channel due to magnetic parameter.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•Osteogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotube functionalization is possible.•The tensile strength of nanofibers can be improved from 2.1 to ...7.1 MPa.•Nanofibers can be doped with silver nanoparticles to inhibit E. coli and S. aureus.•The prepared nanofibers are nontoxic to HEK 293 cells and gets firmly attached.
Polyurethane is a synthetic polymer that can be fabricated into nanofibers to mimic extracellular matrix properties facilitating cell attachment and growth on the fibrous network. However, enhanced hydrophilicity and high mechanical properties may improve their use in tissue engineering, suggesting additional modifications are needed. The current work presents the fabrication of polyurethane-based bone regenerative nanofibers reinforced with TiO2-MWCNT composites and harboring Ag NPs for bacterial inhibition. The fibers possessed smooth morphology with an average size ranging from 800 to 1200 nm. Techniques like SEM, FTIR, XPS, XRD, EDAX, and UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed the presence of nanofiber components like TiO2-MWCNT and Ag NPs. The Ag NPs’ release in PBS was more than 80% over 48 h. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the nanofibers ranged from 2.1 to 7.1 MPa and 0.53 to 2.39 MPa, respectively. The contact angle demonstrated significant improvement in the hydrophilicity of the nanofibers. These Ag-impregnated fibers controlled bacterial growth, as demonstrated by the disk diffusion and turbidity assays against E. coli and S. aureus. The MTT test revealed excellent biocompatibility against HEK 293 cells. Finally, compared to the pristine nanofibers, cell growth and attachment are considerably high in the case of modified nanofibers.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this analysis, the interfacial layer and shape effects has been inspected numerically for the Darcy Forchheimer electromagnetic flow of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled ...carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with base fluid (water) nanofluids. The influence of nonlinear thermal radiation and homogenous and heterogeneous chemical reactions are also taken into account. A revised Hamilton Crosser model is implemented for measuring interfacial layer and shape effects of carbon nanotubes-water nanofluid. The flow problem for examining the heat transfer features has been modeled in term of nonlinear equations by incorporating the Hamilton–Crosser model. The main objective for performing the current work is to analyze how the shapes of nanoparticles effect towards the flow of considered fluid with various thermal features. The entropy generation analysis is performed as novelty. The governing dimensionless equations are numerically solved by fourth order Runge–Kutta method computational shooting technique. The relevant parameter variations on axial, radial, tangential velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, Nusselt number, entropy generation rate and Bejan number are highlighted. The enhanced shape factor of nanoparticles contributes to accelerated flow along axial and radial directions while it yields decelerated flow along tangential direction of lower and upper disks. The augmented interfacial layer parameter enhances heat transportation from the surfaces of lower and upper disks.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
An analysis is carried out to study the heat transfer in unsteady two-dimensional boundary layer flow of a magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) second grade fluid over a porous oscillating stretching surface ...embedded in porous medium. The flow is induced due to infinite elastic sheet which is stretched periodically. With the help of dimensionless variables, the governing flow equations are reduced to a system of non-linear partial differential equations. This system has been solved numerically using the finite difference scheme, in which a coordinate transformation is used to transform the semi-infinite physical space to a bounded computational domain. The influence of the involved parameters on the flow, the temperature distribution, the skin-friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number is shown and discussed in detail. The study reveals that an oscillatory sheet embedded in a fluid-saturated porous medium generates oscillatory motion in the fluid. The amplitude and phase of oscillations depends on the rheology of the fluid as well as on the other parameters coming through imposed boundary conditions, inclusion of body force term and permeability of the porous medium. It is found that amplitude of flow velocity increases with increasing viscoelastic and mass suction/injection parameters. However, it decreases with increasing the strength of the applied magnetic field. Moreover, the temperature of fluid is a decreasing function of viscoelastic parameter, mass suction/injection parameter and Prandtl number.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Owing to the expensive applications of nanoparticles in engineering sciences, an admirable attention has been intended by researchers on this topic in recent years. The utilization of nanoparticles ...as asource of energy is intended much attention of investigators in recent decade. This novel attempt investigates the thermal properties of Casson nanofluid containing microorganisms induced by an oscillatory moving surface. The fundamental features of heat and mass phenomenon are inspected by utilizing the temperature-dependent viscosity. Buongiorno’s mathematical model is used to report the famous Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion consequences. The flow problem characterizes the partial differential equations for which analytical solution has been computed with a convincible accuracy. The insight physical features are inspected with help of various curves. The physical significances of flow parameters is studied via various graphs.
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