Because single-duct air-handling units (SDAHUs) supply the cooling air to all zones with the same temperature, the cooling air is normally reheated to satisfy the heating demand in exterior zones in ...cold seasons. Supply air temperature reset reduces the reheat load; however, it increases the supply airflow rate to the interior zones, which increases the fan power. Dual-branch air-handling units (DBAHUs) are proposed to mix the return air with the cooling air to simultaneously distribute the warm air to exterior zones and the cold air to interior zones in cold seasons to reduce the reheat load. The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy performance and control of the proposed DBAHUs through simulations. First, the thermodynamic models are developed for both SDAHUs and DBAHUs, then the system energy performance, including the fan power, terminal box reheat, and cooling coil load, as well as zone CO.sub.2 concentration and humidity, is simulated and compared among different systems. The simulation results reveal the proposed DBAHU can significantly reduce the AHU energy consumption by 12.3 W/m.sup.2 (1.14 W/ft.sup.2) in cold seasons and improve the relative humidity up to 6% with controllable indoor air quality with the CO.sub.2 concentration less than 1000 ppm in exterior zones.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide a renewable source of cells for drug discovery, disease modelling and cell-based therapies. Here, by using ...GRO-Seq we provide the first genome-wide analysis of the nascent RNAs in iPSCs, HLCs and primary hepatocytes to extend our understanding of the transcriptional changes occurring during hepatic differentiation process. We demonstrate that a large fraction of hepatocyte-specific genes are regulated at transcriptional level and identify hundreds of differentially expressed non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Differentiation induced alternative transcription start site (TSS) usage between the cell types as evidenced for miR-221/222 and miR-3613/15a/16-1 clusters. We demonstrate that lncRNAs and coding genes are tightly co-expressed and could thus be co-regulated. Finally, we identified sets of transcriptional regulators that might drive transcriptional changes during hepatocyte differentiation. These included RARG, E2F1, SP1 and FOXH1, which were associated with the down-regulated transcripts, and hepatocyte-specific TFs such as FOXA1, FOXA2, HNF1B, HNF4A and CEBPA, as well as RXR, PPAR, AP-1, JUNB, JUND and BATF, which were associated with up-regulated transcripts. In summary, this study clarifies the role of regulatory ncRNAs and TFs in differentiation of HLCs from iPSCs.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The literature on technological catch up shows convergence in topics but not convergence in intellectual attributions.•We identified three stages in the literature: a convergence between the ...economic growth and technology capabilities literature (1980/the 1990s).•A shift from the macro issues of growth and convergence to (latecomer) firm and sectoral level issues (2000s).•Concern over the relationship between globalization and technology upgrading at the or mezzo level (2010s).•Richard Nelson is central in the authors' co-citation network, whose work bridges four different approaches in technological catch-up studies.
We analyse the growing literature on technological catch-up since the 1980s to identify its intellectual bases and evolution. The analysis uses co-occurrence and co-citation techniques to explore trends in keywords, journals, documents, and authors. In the 1980s, the area was characterised by two unrelated streams of work on macroeconomic growth and the building of technological capabilities at the micro-level in developing economies. During the 1990s, when the technological catch-up literature began to take off, these two streams of literature evolved further and came closer to each other. During the 2000s, firm-level studies rooted in resource-based and knowledge-based views proliferated. From 2010 they were followed by an increased number of studies of latecomer firm internationalisation. The field's qualitative evolution has been characterised by the convergence between the economic growth and technology capabilities literature, a change of focus from the macro issues of growth and convergence to firm (latecomer firm) and sectoral level issues, and a dominant concern about the relationship between globalisation and technology upgrading at the sectoral or mezzo level. There are four streams that currently underpin research on technology catch up: economic growth, systems of innovation, knowledge management, and industrial dynamics cum global value chains and latecomer firm.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In diabetic patients, high blood glucose induces alterations in retinal function and can lead to visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy. In immortalized retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) ...cultures, high glucose concentrations are shown to lead to impairment in epithelial barrier properties. For the first time, the induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (hiPSC-RPE) cell lines derived from type 2 diabetics and healthy control patients were utilized to assess the effects of glucose concentration on the cellular functionality. We show that both type 2 diabetic and healthy control hiPSC-RPE lines differentiate and mature well, both in high and normal glucose concentrations, express RPE specific genes, secrete pigment epithelium derived factor, and form a polarized cell layer. Here, type 2 diabetic hiPSC-RPE cells had a decreased barrier function compared to controls. Added insulin increased the epithelial cell layer tightness in normal glucose concentrations, and the effect was more evident in type 2 diabetics than in healthy control hiPSC-RPE cells. In addition, the preliminary functionality assessments showed that type 2 diabetic hiPSC-RPE cells had attenuated autophagy detected via ubiquitin-binding protein p62/Sequestosome-1 (p62/SQSTM1) accumulation, and lowered pro- matrix metalloproteinase 2 (proMMP2) as well as increased pro-MMP9 secretion. These results suggest that the cellular ability to tolerate stress is possibly decreased in type 2 diabetic RPE cells.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new muesli formulation was developed by immobilization of encapsulated probiotics and fortifying with matcha tea leaves powder at 10 and 15% (w/w).
Lactobacillus plantarum
and
Lactobacillus reuteri
...were entrapped within the alginate microbeads with encapsulation efficiencies of 52.81% and 58.3% (w/w), respectively. Then, the physiochemical, microbial, and sensorial properties of produced muesli samples were determined. The muesli with 10% of matcha tea leaves powder showed higher antioxidant activity, lower acid value, and lower peroxide value than the muesli samples that were not incorporated with matcha (control). It was observed that although the incorporation of 15% w/w of matcha led to significantly higher antioxidant activity (68.42%), lower acid value (0.27% w/w oleic acid), and lower peroxide value (0.61 meq/kg oil) than the incorporation of 10% w/w, it also caused antimicrobial impacts that significantly reduced the number of probiotics from 7.66 to 5.05 log CFU/g. Indeed, a higher concentration of matcha led to the manifestation of highlighted antimicrobial effects and the probiotic numbers were decreased. Matcha inclusion increased the L* value. The results of probiotic cell enumeration indicated that entrapment of cells significantly increased their viability in the gastric condition due to the alginate microbead preserving effects. Based on the antioxidant activity, acid value, and sensory evaluation, using 10% of matcha tea leaves powder exhibited higher desirability.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) undergo dedifferentiation upon the two-dimensional (2D) culture, which particularly hinders their utility in long-term in vitro studies. Lipids, as a major class of ...biomolecules, play crucial roles in cellular energy storage, structure, and signaling. Here, for the first time, we mapped the alterations in the lipid profile of the dedifferentiating PHHs and studied the possible role of lipids in the loss of the phenotype of PHHs. Simultaneously, differentially expressed miRNAs associated with changes in the lipids and fatty acids (FAs) of the dedifferentiating PHHs were investigated.
PHHs were cultured in monolayer and their phenotype was monitored morphologically, genetically, and biochemically for five days. The lipid and miRNA profile of the PHHs were analyzed by mass spectrometry and Agilent microarray, respectively. In addition, 24 key genes involved in the metabolism of lipids and FAs were investigated by qPCR.
The typical morphology of PHHs was lost from day 3 onward. Additionally,
and
genes were downregulated in the cultured PHHs. Lipidomics revealed a clear increase in the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) containing lipids, but a decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing lipids during the dedifferentiation of PHHs. In line with this,
,
,
,
, and
were upregulated but
was downregulated in the dedifferentiated PHHs. Furthermore, differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, and the constantly upregulated miR-27a and miR-21, and downregulated miR-30 may have regulated the synthesis, accumulation and secretion of PHH lipids during the dedifferentiation.
Our results showed major alterations in the molecular lipid species profiles, lipid-metabolizing enzyme expression as wells as miRNA profiles of the PHHs during their prolonged culture, which in concert could play important roles in the PHHs' loss of phenotype. These findings promote the understanding from the dedifferentiation process and could help in developing optimal culture conditions, which better meet the needs of the PHHs and support their original phenotype.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A convenient catalyst-free synthesis of hitherto unknown pentacyclic benzosultam-annulated thiopyranoindole derivatives is reported which proceeds
via
domino Knoevenagel / intramolecular ...hetero-Diels–Alder reactions of (
E
)-
N
-alkyl-2-aryl-
N
-(2-formylphenyl)ethene-1-sulfonamides with indoline-2-thiones in water. The products were obtained regioselectively in high yields.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The spectrum lines of different quasars (QSOs) have been investigated, emphasis on the weak emission lines existent in the Lyα forest region using principal component analysis method (PCA) in the ...wavelength range from 1020 to 1600Å. The first, the second and the third principal component spectra (PCS) involve 63.4, 14.5 and 6.2% of the variance respectively, as the first seven PCS involve 96.1% of the total variance. The first PCS contain peak from high ionization emission lines namely the emission lines of Lyα and Lyβ (OVI, NV, SiIV, and CIV), these peaks are sharp and strong and the second PCS has peaks from low ionization emission lines (FeII, FeIII, SiII, and CII) that these emission lines are wide and almost rounded. By using the PCS, can be produced the QSO spectra artificially that are useful for investigation of how to discover QSOs and their continuum spectrum classification. By using the weights of the first two PCS can be defined five classes: class Zero and classes from ItoIV, these classifications will help to discover the continuum spectrum in the Lyα forest. 21 continuum (Listed in Table 1) have been used upon spectrum of bright QSOs from SDSS with z~3 and a signal to noise ratio more than 20 (S/N>20) and apparent magnitude less than 18 (mg<18). Initially, by investigating the spectrum of each one of these QSOs, the QSOs were classified and the peak of emission line of Lyα belonging to each one of classes was investigated. In the rest, the result mean spectrum of 21 QSOs were compared with mean spectrum of 50 QSOs with redshift 0.14<z<1.04 in Suzuki et al. (2007).
The prerequisite of developing countries' economic growth is to move along the technological development trajectory through technological learning, and large firms as hubs of technological knowledge, ...play an important role in this transition. In this paper, we tried to bridge two main taxonomies in the field of technological development, one of them referring to taxonomies of firms, and the other one referring to technological learning processes. We have identified technological learning processes in several post catch-up large firms through content analysis and then by employing a survey approach, we explore technological learning processes of Iranian large firms. The results indicate that as per scale-intensive firms in Iran, learning by doing, learning by using, learning by interacting and learning from spillovers are respectively the most important technological learning processes. Regarding large science-based firms, learning by searching, learning by interacting and learning from spillovers are the key learning processes. Finally, these results have been compared with those of post catch-up large firms.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
