•The first comparative study about photocatalytic action ZnO, ZnO:Co 5%, and ZnO/ZnO:Co 5% heterojunction photocatalysts.•Chemically derived nano rod-like ZnO/ZnO:Co 5% heterojunction ...photocatalyst.•Overall, the best photocatalytic action observed for the nano rod-like ZnO photocatalyst.•Photocatalytic Reduced photocatalytic efficiency in the ZnO/ZnO:Co 5% heterojunction photocatalyst.
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Herein, to investigate the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV light irradiation and the photocatalytic activity of chemically derived ZnO, ZnO: Co 5% nano rod-like thin films and ZnO/ZnO: Co 5% homojunction, the role of grain size and microstrain on their structural, optical, electrical and photocatalytic properties were studied. Hexagonal wurtzite structure, the doping of Co2+ into ZnO host lattice, reduced crystallite/grain size, and enhanced microstrain have been confirmed by structural and morphological analysis. The presence and the atomic content of Zn/Zn2+, Co/Co2+, O/O2- elements, and ions have been confirmed by EDS and XPS measurements. The n/p-type conductivity in nano rod-like film and p-n bilayers have been verified by Hall and I-V characterizations. The PL analysis showed that the decreased luminescence intensity and the formation of defect/trapping centers by Co2+ doping and formation of p-n homojunction as crystallite/grain size decreased while microstrain increased. With 5% Co-doping and the emergence of p-n homojunction, the photocatalytic efficiency (ղ %) was reduced compared with parent ZnO photocatalyst, while the crystallite/grain size decreases and microstrain enhances. The decreased ղ % was attributed to the reduced crystallite/grain size, increment of microstrain, and the generation of defects/trapping centers via 5% Co-doing and formation of ZnO/ZnO:Co 5% nano rod-like homojunction. These results demonstrate that the fabrication of p-n homojunction will not always result in an enhanced ղ % even if it puts down the recombination of light-induced charge transporters.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The requirements and availability of the electric powertrain will be significantly increased with the introduction of automated driving functions. In this case, the mechanical fallback level of the ...driver must be replaced by a fault-tolerant system. New concepts such as the predictive diagnostic or customized operation strategies ensure the fault tolerance. An essential component to realize the requirements is the electric drive. In the present work, a method for the prediction of the fault condition in permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is developed based on artificial neural networks (ANN). Not only the failure occurrence is detected, but also the severity of the failure is predicted and classified. For this purpose, a suitable failure indicator is needed, which contradicts the severity of the failure and thus allows both the prediction and degradation (protection) of the system. The prerequisite for the use of machine learning methods, such as artificial neural networks, is the existence of a database. Data is obtained with the help of simulation model of PMSM, which can be corrected with failures. Features from the phase currents and the battery current in the time domain and in the frequency domain are presented as well as classical methods such as the wavelet analysis or the decomposition into symmetrical components. The selection of the features has a great influence on the diagnostic result and on the performance of the algorithm. The failures are represented by the features in the frequency domain. Based on these aspects, several neural networks are formed. To predict the failure, an accuracy of about 95% is achieved and for the classification an accuracy of about 98.5%.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The realization of autonomous driving requires maximum safety and reliability of powertrain system and components (e.g., PMSM). While today's vehicles have a fallback level provided by the driver, ...this is completely or at least temporarily eliminated in autonomous driving systems. It is thus of high importance that the safety–critical faults of the powertrain is detected early, safely and reliably. An electrical fault in the PMSM in the stator while driving can lead to a failure of the electric vehicle. This can create a hazard for passengers and other road users. Therefore, highly reliable, safe and early detection of the PMSM faults is an important requirement to meet these safety requirements. In the literature, PMSM faults have been considered only for steady-state operating points and not for dynamic operating points. In this study, a new early diagnosis method is developed using artificial neural networks. This method is applied to three PMSM faults at both fixed and dynamic operating points (speed and torque). The fault diagnosis is successfully achieved (accuracy of about 99.7%) at both fixed operating points and dynamic operating points of an electric vehicle. In this way, the automated driving vehicle is brought to a safe state without using a redundant powertrain. In this way, weight, installation space and costs of automated driving vehicles are reduced, and safety requirements are met.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Cardiogenic shock is a high-acuity, potentially complex, and hemodynamically diverse state of end-organ hypoperfusion that is frequently associated with multisystem organ failure. Despite improving ...survival in recent years, patient morbidity and mortality remain high, and there are few evidence-based therapeutic interventions known to clearly improve patient outcomes. This scientific statement on cardiogenic shock summarizes the epidemiology, pathophysiology, causes, and outcomes of cardiogenic shock; reviews contemporary best medical, surgical, mechanical circulatory support, and palliative care practices; advocates for the development of regionalized systems of care; and outlines future research priorities.
The use of iron-coated pumice (ICP) in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of natural organic matters (NOMs) in water, due to the synergistic effect of ...hybrid processes when compared to sole ozonation and adsorption. Multiple characterization analyses (BET, TEM, XRD, DLS, FT-IR, and pHPZC) were employed for a systematic investigation of the catalyst surface properties. This analysis indicated that the ICP crystal structure was α-FeOOH, the surface hydroxyl group of ICP was significantly increased after coating, the particle size of ICP was about 200–250 nm, the BET surface area of ICP was about 10.56 m2 g−1, the pHPZC value of ICP was about 7.13, and that enhancement by iron loading was observed in the FT-IR spectra. The contribution of surface adsorption, hydroxyl radicals, and sole ozonation to catalytic ozonation was determined as 21.29%, 66.22%, and 12.49%, respectively. The reaction kinetic analysis with tert-Butyl alcohol (TBA) was used as a radical scavenger, confirming that surface ferrous iron loading promoted the role of the hydroxyl radicals. The phosphate was used as an inorganic probe, and significantly inhibited the removal efficiency of catalytic NOM ozonation. This is an indication that the reactions which occur are more dominant in the solution phase.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
How to develop a niche: Focus on adult cardiac surgery Kilic, Ahmet, MD
Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery/The journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery,
03/2016, Volume:
151, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Objectives
Industrial advances, as a result of globalization, causes many threats to the working life. These threats are generally associated with the level of economic development of countries. ...While threats from industrialization are decreasing in developed countries, developing countries are still faced with these threats. Therefore, this study aims to examine the relationship between fatal work accidents (FWA), and independent variables which are national income (NI) and employment rate (ER) in a number of selected countries.
Methods
In this study the relationship between FWA and independent variables which are NI and ER of 18 developed and developing countries and a region, between 2006 and 2015, was analyzed by applying panel data analysis.
Results
According to panel data analysis, whilst a 1% increase in the NI reduces the FWA rate by 1.1%, a 1% increase in the ER results in an increase of approximately 4% in the rate of FWA.
Conclusions
As a result, there was a negative relationship between the FWA and NI growth and a positive relationship with the ER
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Recommended structured clinical practices including implant technique, anti-coagulation strategy, and pump speed management (PREVENT PREVENtion of HeartMate II Pump Thrombosis Through Clinical ...Management recommendations) were developed to address risk of early (<3 months) pump thrombosis (PT) risk with HeartMate II (HMII; St. Jude Medical, Inc. Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, CA). We prospectively assessed the HMII PT rate in the current era when participating centers adhered to the PREVENT recommendations.
PREVENT was a prospective, multi-center, single-arm, non-randomized study of 300 patients implanted with HMII at 24 participating sites. Confirmed PT (any suspected PT confirmed visually and/or adjudicated by an independent assessor) was evaluated at 3 months (primary end-point) and at 6 months after implantation.
The population included 83% men (age 57 years ± 13), 78% destination therapy, and 83% Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) Profile 1–3. Primary end-point analysis showed a confirmed PT of 2.9% at 3 months and 4.8% at 6 months. Adherence to key recommendations included 78% to surgical recommendations, 95% to heparin bridging, and 79% to pump speeds ≥9,000 RPMs (92% >8,600 RPMs). Full adherence to implant techniques, heparin bridging, and pump speeds ≥9,000 RPMs resulted in a significantly lower risk of PT (1.9% vs 8.9%; p < 0.01) and lower composite risk of suspected thrombosis, hemolysis, and ischemic stroke (5.7% vs 17.7%; p < 0.01) at 6 months.
Adoption of all components of a structured surgical implant technique and clinical management strategy (PREVENT recommendations) is associated with low rates of confirmed PT.
The complex architecture of the human atria may create physical substrates for sustained re-entry to drive atrial fibrillation (AF). The existence of sustained, anatomically defined AF drivers in ...humans has been challenged partly due to the lack of simultaneous endocardial-epicardial (Endo-Epi) mapping coupled with high-resolution 3D structural imaging.
Coronary-perfused human right atria from explanted diseased hearts (n = 8, 43-72 years old) were optically mapped simultaneously by three high-resolution CMOS cameras (two aligned Endo-Epi views (330 µm2 resolution) and one panoramic view). 3D gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (GE-MRI, 80 µm3 resolution) revealed the atrial wall structure varied in thickness (1.0 ± 0.7-6.8 ± 2.4 mm), transmural fiber angle differences, and interstitial fibrosis causing transmural activation delay from 23 ± 11 to 43 ± 22 ms at increased pacing rates. Sustained AF (>90 min) was induced by burst pacing during pinacidil (30-100 µM) perfusion. Dual-sided sub-Endo-sub-Epi optical mapping revealed that AF was driven by spatially and temporally stable intramural re-entry with 107 ± 50 ms cycle length and transmural activation delay of 67 ± 31 ms. Intramural re-entrant drivers were captured primarily by sub-Endo mapping, while sub-Epi mapping visualized re-entry or 'breakthrough' patterns. Re-entrant drivers were anchored on 3D micro-anatomic tracks (15.4 ± 2.2 × 6.0 ± 2.3 mm2, 2.9 ± 0.9 mm depth) formed by atrial musculature characterized by increased transmural fiber angle differences and interstitial fibrosis. Targeted radiofrequency ablation of the tracks verified these re-entries as drivers of AF.
Integrated 3D structural-functional mapping of diseased human right atria ex vivo revealed that the complex atrial microstructure caused significant differences between Endo vs. Epi activation during pacing and sustained AF driven by intramural re-entry anchored to fibrosis-insulated atrial bundles.
•Two ionic liquid phosphinite ligands were synthesized.•A series of transition-metal (Ru(II), Ir(III)) complexes were prepared.•The complexes exhibited remarkably high TOFs in reduction of ...substrates.•Catalytic activity depended on steric encumbrance around the central metal atom.•UV–Vis spectral and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were also used.
Two ionic liquids (3-(3‑chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-1-vinyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride and 3-(3‑chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-1‑butyl‑1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride) were prepared from commercially available, inexpensive 1-vinyl imidazole or 1‑butyl imidazole, respectively, in ethanol at room temperature. Then, these ionic liquids were treated with PPh2Cl to obtain ionic liquid-based phosphinite ligands and the reaction of these phosphinites with Ru(η6-benzene)(μ-Cl)Cl2, Ru(η6−p-cymene)(μ-Cl)Cl2, or Ir(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)Cl2 gave the corresponding ruthenium and iridium complexes. Structures of the synthesized compounds were clarified by multinuclear NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as microanalysis. Furthermore, the complexes were applied as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives to afford the corresponding alcohols with high conversions. Notably, Ru(Ph2POC8H11N2Cl2)(η6-benzene)Cl2 acts as a good catalyst, giving the corresponding alcohols in 97–98% yields in 15 min at 82 °C (TOF ≤ 400 h−1) for the transfer hydrogenation reaction in comparison to analogous complexes. The catalysts are also useful for a variety of related ketone substrates with various electronic and steric regulating groups.
Two ionic liquids (3-(3‑chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-1-vinyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride and 3-(3‑chloro-2-hydroxypropyl)-1‑butyl‑1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride) were prepared from commercially available, inexpensive 1-vinyl imidazole or 1‑butyl imidazole, respectively. Then, these ionic liquids were treated with PPh2Cl to obtain ionic liquid-based phosphinite ligands and the reaction of these phosphinites with Ru(η6-benzene)(μ-Cl)Cl2, Ru(η6−p-cymene)(μ-Cl)Cl2, or Ir(η5-C5Me5)(μ-Cl)Cl2 gave the corresponding ruthenium and iridium complexes. The complexes were applied as catalysts in the transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone derivatives to afford the corresponding alcohols with high conversions. Notably, Ru(Ph2POC8H11N2Cl2)(η6-benzene)Cl2 acts as a good catalyst, giving the corresponding alcohols in 97–98% yields in 15 min at 82 °C (TOF ≤ 400 h−1) for the transfer hydrogenation reaction in comparison to analogous complexes. Display omitted
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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