The study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics of lacosamide, a new antiepileptic drug, in rats after intravenous and oral administration at doses of 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg. Moreover, brain ...distribution and plasma protein binding were estimated. After intravenous injection, terminal half-life, systemic clearance, and steady state volumes of distribution remained unaltered as a function of dose with values in the range 3.01–3.53 h, 221–241 mL/h/kg and 702–732 mL/kg, respectively. Following oral administration, absolute oral bioavailability was not dose dependent and was at 93.3–106%. However, the time to peak concentration and the dose-normalized peak concentration for 30 mg/kg were significantly different with those for other doses. The extent of urinary excretion of lacosamide was 17.1% and 16.5% for intravenous and oral doses, respectively, whereas fecal excretion was negligible. The brain to plasma ratio of lacosamide was consistent regardless of post-dosing time and the brain to plasma partition coefficient was 0.553. Further, the plasma protein binding of lacosamide was concentration independent with free fraction at 95.9%. Lacosamide showed linear pharmacokinetics at an intravenous dose of 1–30 mg/kg and an oral dose of 1–10 mg/kg but non-linear pharmacokinetics at a 30 mg/kg oral dose.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Interfaces with surrounding materials, where charged impurities and surface roughness are present, have a significant impact on the electrical and optical properties of 2D materials. In the change of ...the phonon modes of MoS2 accompanied by thickness variation, the portion caused by intrinsic factors and the portion caused by the interface effect are separated by examining the result of encapsulation with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). For instance, the frequency of the A1g peak of MoS2 supported by SiO2 decreases by ≈4 cm−1 in air for a thickness reduction from ten layers to monolayer. Of this decrease, roughly 2 cm−1 is attributable to the weakening of the van der Waals interlayer interaction, while the remaining 2 cm−1 is due to the interface effect. The interface state, that is, the types and concentrations of impurities at the interface, between MoS2 and SiO2 is estimated to be similar to that between MoS2 and air because the Raman properties when one surface of MoS2 is in contact with SiO2 and with air are identical within the measurement error. When entirely encapsulated with hBN, the width of the A1g peak of few‐layer MoS2 is significantly reduced, becoming comparable or equal to that of bulk MoS2.
The interface effects on the phonon modes of MoS2 flakes with 1L to 10L in thickness are studied. The interface state is adjusted by contacting the flakes with air, SiO2, or hBN. In the change of the MoS2 phonon modes accompanied by a thickness change, the portions caused by the vdW interlayer interaction and by the interface are isolated.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A new species of callianassid ghost shrimp, Paraglypturus tonganus sp. nov., is described and illustrated on the basis of five specimens that were collected from sediments in a vent field of the ...Tonga Arc, south-western Pacific Ocean. This new species is morphologically very similar to P. calderus Türkay & Sakai, 1995, the type species of the genus Paraglypturus Türkay & Sakai, 1995. It differs from P. calderus mainly in the absence (vs. presence in P. calderus) of an anterolateral row of setal pores on the carapace; the endopod of the second maxilliped, with a dactylus bearing stiff and thick serrate setae at the apex (vs. without in P. calderus); a yellow circular structure located on the ventral surface on the uropodal endopod (vs. on the dorsal surface on the uropodal exopod in P. calderus); and the articulation structure of the first pleopod in males (uniarticulate in P. tonganus vs. biarticulate in P. calderus). The new species is the first record of a ghost shrimp from a vent field of the Tonga Arc, and also the second reported species of the genus Paraglypturus.
This study is to elucidate the specific accumulation of 20 trace elements in tissues/organs of great cormorants from two different colonies (Lake Biwa and Mie) in Japan. In the body distribution of ...trace elements, some elements revealed tissue-specific accumulation such as most of the burden of Mo, Ag and Cd in liver, Tl and Cd in kidney, Cu, Rb and Cs in muscle, and V, Sr and Ba in bone. Gender-related variation was not observed in both populations for most of the trace elements, except for higher hepatic Sr in males from Lake Biwa. Hepatic V, muscular Hg and Tl, and Cd in liver, kidney and muscle increased with growth. Comparison of trace element levels in tissues between the two colonies showed that Cr, Rb, Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba and Tl levels were higher in Lake Biwa than in Mie, whereas Zn, Co and Hg in Mie samples were greater than Lake Biwa. Variations of elemental levels in stomach contents also showed similar patterns, thus, showing that dietary sources tended to be the main factor for these regional variations. Toxic Hg and Cd concentrations in the liver of cormorants from the two colonies were lower than those from other areas, implying relatively low exposure to these metals in the present study sites. Concentrations of V, Co, Ag, Cd, Cs, Hg, Tl, Pb and Bi in liver remained more or less at the same level between 1993 and 2003, while hepatic Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr and Ba showed apparent decrease, which might be related to the biological factors.
Dietary sources seemed to be the main reason for variable results.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Gavia arctica. The circular mt genome is 17,065 bp long, consisting of 37 genes (13 proteins, 22 transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs) and a ...control region. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full mt genome sequences confirmed that the genus Gavia is a monophyletic group, containing the G. stellata, G. arctica, and G. pacifica. These data can provide insights into the phylogenetic relationships for inferring the pattern and degree of mt genome evolution among the loon species.
Graphitized carbon (GrC) with a relatively uniform pore size was synthesized using polyvinylpyrrolidone as a nitrogen-containing carbon source. Ni was employed as both a graphitization catalyst and a ...pore structure template. The polyol method was applied to load Pt nanoparticles with a narrow distribution of sizes on the synthesized GrC. The Pt catalyst supported on GrC showed higher electrocatalytic activity than that supported on heat-treated Vulcan XC-72R carbon despite the small specific surface area of GrC. Mass- and area-normalized current densities of Pt/GrC were 2.2 and 3.0 times greater than those for Pt catalyst supported on the commercial carbon, respectively. The better performance of the Pt/GrC could be due to high electric conductivity and interaction between GrC and Pt nanoparticles resulting from the presence of nitrogen in the prepared GrC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objective: Investigators have examined the moderating effects of young people’s relationships with parents, teachers, and peers on victimization and on adverse outcomes such as drug use. However, the ...moderating influence of religious affiliation on the association between peer victimization and illicit drug use, the focus of this paper, has seldom been examined. Method: Participants were 638 low-income African American youth ages 12–22 (mean age = 15.8; 54% female and 46% male) in Chicago, IL. We conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses to examine the moderating effect of religious affiliation on the relationship between peer victimization and illicit drug use. Results: Youths who had been victimized by peers were at elevated risk for illicit drug use. Victimized peers who reported a religious affiliation or who attended religious services were less likely to use illicit drugs than other youths. Involvement in prayer or meditation per se did not influence the relationship between peer victimization and illicit drug use. Conclusions: Affiliation and participation in religious services may be important intervention points in efforts to prevent or reduce illicit drug use.
Ni-Al-based catalysts prepared by impregnation, co-precipitation, and polymer-modified incipient methods, referred to as NA-IM, NA-CM, and NA-PM, respectively, were applied to autothermal reforming ...(ATR) of
n
-dodecane, since this hydrocarbon exhibits properties similar to those of diesel fuel and can be used as its surrogate. The corresponding catalytic performances were evaluated in terms of H
2
yield and
n
-dodecane conversion at 750 °C and 12,000 h
−1
in a fixed-bed reactor at an S/C molar ratio of 1.23 and an O
2
/C molar ratio of 0.25. NA-CM and NA-PM exhibited similar performances in terms of H
2
yield (1.4) and
n
-dodecane conversion (90%); however, the performance of NA-IM was inferior to those of other catalysts. The differences between the prepared catalysts were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, with the obtained results indicating the importance of well-dispersed Ni species in NA-PM for efficient ATR.
We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Chloris sinica ussuriensis. The circular mt genome is 16,813 bp long and encodes 13 proteins, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs. ...Phylogenetic analysis based on full mt genome sequences confirmed that the C. s. ussuriensis is monophyletic group of the Chloris sinica. The complete mitochondrial genome of C. s. ussuriensis can provide a valuable data for resolving geographical distribution of evolutionary subdivision within the C. sinica species in East Asia.
Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration (ICRD) is an extremely rare, infantile-onset neuro-degenerative disease, characterized by autosomal recessive inherited, global developmental delay (GDD), ...progressive cerebellar and cortical atrophy, and retinal degeneration. In 2012, a biallelic pathogenic variant in
gene (NM_001098.3) was found to be causative of this disease. To date, approximately 44 variants displaying various clinical features have been reported. Here, we report a case of two siblings with compound heterozygous variants in the
gene. Two siblings without perinatal problems were born to healthy non-consanguineous Korean parents. They showed GDD and seizures since infancy. Their first brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electroencephalography, and metabolic workup revealed no abnormal findings. As they grew, they developed symptoms including ataxia, dysmetria, poor sitting balance, and myopia. Follow-up brain MRI findings revealed atrophy of the cerebellum and optic nerve. Through exome sequencing of both siblings and their parents, we identified the following compound heterozygous variants in the
: c.85C > T (p.Arg29Trp) and c.2303C > A (p.Ala768Asp). These two variants were categorized as likely pathogenic based on ACMG/AMP guidelines. In conclusion, this case help to broaden the genetic and clinical spectrum of the
variants associated with ICRD. We have also documented the long-term clinical course and serial brain MRI findings for two patients with this extremely rare disease.
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