As the number of musculoskeletal disorders caused by smartphone usage, sedentary lifestyles, and active sports activities increases, there is a growing demand for precise and accurate measurement and ...evaluation of issues such as incorrect compensation patterns, asymmetrical posture, and limited joint operation range. Urgent development of new inspection equipment is necessary to address issues such as convenience, economic feasibility, and post-processing difficulties. Using 4DEYE
, a new multi-view red, green, and blue (RGB) sensor-based motion analysis equipment, and the VICON
ratio, which are infrared-based markers, we conducted a comparative analysis of the simultaneous validity of the joint angle (trajectory) and reliability. In this study, five healthy participants who could perform movements were selected for the pilot study and two movements (Y-balance and side dip) were analyzed. In addition, the ICC (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient) was analyzed using the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) V.18 while the number of data frames of each equipment was equalized using the MATLAB program. The results revealed that side dips, which are open kinetic chain exercises (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC(2.1), 0.895-0.996), showed very high concordance with the Y-balance test, a closed kinetic chain exercise (ICC(2.1), 0.678-0.990). The joint measurement results were similar regardless of the movement in the open or closed kinetic chain exercise, confirming the high reliability of the newly developed multiview RGB sensor. This is of great significance because we obtained important and fundamental results that can be used in various patterns of exercise movements in the future.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The purpose of this study was to confirm the antiproliferative and apoptotic induction potential of a saccharin and caffeine combination in ovarian cancer cells. The cell line used was Ovcar-3, and ...the cell viability was measured through a WST-8 assay, while a Chou–Talalay assay was used to confirm the synergistic effect of saccharin and caffeine on the ovarian cancer cells. A clonogenic assay, annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, and RT-PCR were performed to confirm the expression of genes that induce colony formation, cell viability, and apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells treated with the saccharin–caffeine combination. It was demonstrated that both saccharin and caffeine decreased the viability of Ovcar-3 cells, and the cell viability decreased even more significantly when the cells were treated with the combination of saccharin and caffeine. The clonogenic assay results showed that the number of colonies decreased the most when saccharin and caffeine were combined, and the number of colonies also significantly decreased compared to the single-treatment groups. Based on flow cytometry analysis using annexin V-FITC/PI-PE double-staining, it was confirmed that the decrease in cell viability caused by the combination of saccharin and caffeine was correlated with the induction of apoptosis. The results of the RT-PCR confirmed that the combined treatment of saccharin and caffeine promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-inducing genes. These results demonstrate that the combination of saccharin and caffeine more efficiently inhibits the proliferation of Ovcar-3 cells and induces apoptosis in vitro.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Limited research has explored the relationship between falls, cognitive decline, and dementia onset in older adults with aging. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of cognitive ...function on the development of dementia and explore the association between falls and dementia among older adults. This study utilized data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, which tracked a sample group at 2-year intervals from the initial wave in 2006 to the eighth wave in 2020. Among the older adults (≥60 years) surveyed, 2829 were included in the analysis, and cognitive function and number of falls per year were recorded. We hypothesized that these variables were associated with dementia and tested the variables using dementia diagnosis data. The participants were assigned to either a dementia group (dementia diagnosis) or a control group (no dementia diagnosis). Analyses were performed to enhance generalizability of the hypothesis to all participants (≥45 years, n = 7130). Cognitive decline and dementia incidence increased with aging among older adults. The dementia group had a significantly higher rate of cognitive decline than the control group, as well as a higher number of falls and magnitude of annual changes in falls. The changes in falls were irregular regardless of cognitive function. Furthermore, falls were associated only with the development of dementia, not cognitive function. Similar trends were observed across the total participant group. Our findings highlight the importance of monitoring cognitive function and falls as potential markers for predicting dementia onset in older adults.
•We studied the association between falls and dementia in older adults.•Older adults with dementia showed a rapid increase in cognitive decline.•Significant correlation was found between cognitive decline, falls, and dementia.•Cognitive function and falls in older adults are markers of dementia.•Multifaceted approaches are needed to prevent dementia in older adults.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The photovoltaic industry has experienced rapid growth due to the decrease in price of solar panels and various incentive policies. However, it is not widely utilized as a source of energy for ...transportation. Studies on photovoltaic potential are required for their use in solar vehicles; they exhibit high potential given the development of solar panels and electric vehicles. The amount of electricity generated on the road through a solar bus was estimated using geographic information systems. The solar potential of town buses in the urban area of Seoul city is analyzed as a case study. Data with a high spatial resolution of 1 m and high temporal resolution of 1 min are obtained to estimate accurate results for moving objects. Thus, the mean generated power per bus is estimated as 2.7 kWh/day with a capacity factor corresponding to 5.57%. The energy can be used to supply basic services that use power in the bus. The results are validated via experiments with a developed mobile sensor. It is expected that the methodology proposed in the study will aid in understanding the potential of a solar bus and can be applied in various studies on solar vehicles.
•The power from the solar bus is calculated and validated via a new dynamic model.•A new dynamic model can calculate the PV power of moving objects with shadows.•The PV on the solar bus in Seoul has 40% efficiency of the traditional PV.•The mean power from each solar bus in Seoul is estimated as 2.7 kWh/day.•The locational and temporal characteristics are analyzed and presented.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is considered a forward-looking industry. Nevertheless, solar energy is yet to become a direct source of electric power for mobile vehicles. Recently, there have ...been cases where solar panels were attached to the roof of trains to generate electricity. In this study, a method was devised to estimate the power generated by a solar train with panels. The solar irradiance on the roof of a moving train was calculated with respect to the location and time of the train, as well as the shadow effects of obstacles. The preprocessing of the input data required for calculating solar irradiation was executed through Geographic Information Systems, and finally, an algorithm for calculating solar irradiation and power generation was developed. With the algorithm-embodied Graphical User Interface, when spatial information of various routes is provided, the PV potential for each route can be calculated. Experimental calculations were conducted on the Gyeongbu line in Korea. During train operation, 122.15 MWh of power can be generated per year, with a reduction of 56 tons of CO2. The results of this preliminary evaluation are expected to accelerate the growth of the solar train industry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
DNA polymerases have played an important role in molecular biology for several years and are frequently used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR); hence, there is an increasing interest in developing ...a convenient method for preparing
DNA polymerase for routine use in laboratories. We developed a method using
(
) that expresses thermostable
DNA polymerase directly in the PCR without purification. The
gene was transformed into
and expressed. After overnight incubation and washing,
-expressing
DNA polymerase (EcoliTaq) was used as the DNA polymerase without purification. EcoliTaq showed activity comparable to that of commercial DNA polymerase and remained stable for 3 months. With a high-pH buffer containing 2% Tween 20 and 0.4 M trehalose, EcoliTaq facilitated direct PCR amplification from anticoagulated whole blood samples. EcoliTaq exhibited good performance in allele-specific PCR using both purified DNA and whole blood samples. Furthermore, it proved to be useful as a DNA polymerase in hot-start PCR by effectively minimizing non-specific amplification. We developed a simple and cost-effective direct and hot-start PCR method in which EcoliTaq was used directly as a PCR enzyme, thus eliminating the laborious and time-consuming steps of polymerase purification.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) provide a common positioning method that utilizes satellite signals to determine the spatial location of a receiver. However, there are several error ...factors in standalone GNSS positioning due to instrumental, procedural, and environmental factors that arise during the signal transmission process, and the final positioning error can be up to several meters or greater in length. Thus, real-time kinematic (RTK) correction and post-mission precise point positioning (PPP) processing technologies are proposed to improve accuracy and accomplish precise position measurements. To evaluate the geolocation accuracy of mosaicked UAV images of an abandoned mine site, we compared each orthomosaic image and digital elevation model obtained using standalone GNSS positioning, differential (RTK) GNSS positioning, and post-mission PPP processing techniques. In the three types of error evaluation measure (i.e., relative camera location error, ground control points-based absolute image mapping error, and volumetric difference of mine tailings), we found that the RTK GNSS positioning method obtained the best performance in terms of the relative camera location error and the absolute image mapping error evaluations, and the PPP post-processing correction effectively reduced the error (69.5% of the average total relative camera location error and 59.3% of the average total absolute image mapping error) relative to the standalone GNSS positioning method. Although differential (RTK) GNSS positioning is widely used in positioning applications that require very high accuracy, post-mission PPP processing can also be used in various fields in which it is either not feasible to operate expensive equipment to receive RTK GNSS signals or network RTK services are unavailable.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most promising renewable energies in the world due to its ubiquity and sustainability. However, installation of solar panels on the ground can cause some ...problems, especially in countries where there is not enough space for installation. As an alternative, floating PV, with advantages in terms of efficiency and environment, has attracted attention, particularly with regard to installing large-scale floating PV for dam lakes and reservoirs in Korea. In this study, the potentiality of floating PV is evaluated, and the power production is estimated for 3401 reservoirs. To select a suitable reservoir for floating PV installation, we constructed and analyzed the water depth database using OpenAPI. We also used the typical meteorological year (TMY) data and topographical information to predict the irradiance distribution. As a result, the annual power production by all possible reservoirs was estimated to be 2932 GWh, and the annual GHG reduction amount was approximately 1,294,450 tons. In particular, Jeollanam-do has many reservoirs and was evaluated as suitable for floating PV installation because of its high solar irradiance. The results can be used to estimate priorities and potentiality as a preliminary analysis for floating PV installation.
Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) formula has been therapeutically used to reduce areas of localized fat. However, no single research has been carried out on its effect on a variety of cells in adipose and ...muscle tissues. Herein, the current study aimed to explore the activity of PPC on different cells in adipose and muscle tissues and to investigate the molecular mechanisms contributing to the effects of PPC on lipolysis and apoptosis. mRNA expression levels of various genes were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Protein expression levels were observed through Western blotting and cell viability was measured by MTT assay. Lipolysis and caspase 3 activity assay were performed using commercial kits. PPC induces lipolysis and apoptosis in adipocytes (3T3-L1), but not in the other tested cells, including skeletal muscle cells (C2C12 myocytes), endothelial cells (HUVEC), and fibroblasts (BJ). The possible role of TNFα and IL-1β-mediated pathways on the effects of PPC was also revealed. We confirmed that treatment with PPC caused lipolysis and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner (only in 3T3-L1 adipocytes). The effect of PPC observed in 3T3-L1 adipocytes was not evident in C2C12 myocytes, HUVEC, and fibroblasts. PPC also increased TNFα and IL-1β expression and release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in a dose-dependent fashion, but not in C2C12 myocytes, HUVEC, and BJ. Suppression of TNFα or IL-1β reversed PPC-induced lipolysis and apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, suggesting that PPC could promote adipocyte-specific lipolysis and apoptosis through TNFα and IL-1β-mediated signaling. We conclude that the specific activity of PPC on adipocyte in adipose without other tissue damages can be an effective approach for melting lipid.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•LDL-C and triglycerides differed significantly between controls and AD participants.•Participants with low LDL-C had improved gait performance with increase in LDL-C.•Balancing time in AD ...participants was dependent on LDL-C and triglyceride levels.•Serum lipid levels significantly affected lower-extremity function in both groups.
Older adults with Alzheimer's dementia (AD) experience lower-extremity dysfunction. High serum lipid levels are a risk factor for AD. We investigated the association between serum lipid levels and lower-extremity function in older individuals with and without AD.
In this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 33,185 senior citizens (aged 66 years) who participated in the National Geriatric Screening Program, sampled from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Health Screening Cohort Database, between 2009 and 2015. Participants were dichotomized into 1) an AD group comprising individuals with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, diagnostic codes F00, F00.0–F00.9, and G30, G30.0–G30.9; and 2) a control group comprising individuals without AD.
Differences in the Timed Up and Go and One-Leg Standing results among the three levels (low, moderate, and high) of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were evaluated between the groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the odds of gait disorder considering clinical and lifestyle variables.
In participants with low LDL-C levels, increased LDL-C levels correlated with higher gait speed. In the AD group, balancing time with eyes open (BT-EO) was inversely correlated with TG levels in participants with low TG levels. In the control group, BT-EO was negatively correlated with TC levels in participants with low TC levels.
Serum lipid levels were significantly correlated with lower-extremity function in participants with and without AD but not with gait disorder in participants with AD.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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