We have reported that autophagy is crucial for clearance of amyloidogenic human IAPP (hIAPP) oligomer, suggesting that an autophagy enhancer could be a therapeutic modality against human diabetes ...with amyloid accumulation. Here, we show that a recently identified autophagy enhancer (MSL-7) reduces hIAPP oligomer accumulation in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells (hiPSC-β-cells) and diminishes oligomer-mediated apoptosis of β-cells. Protective effects of MSL-7 against hIAPP oligomer accumulation and hIAPP oligomer-mediated β-cell death are significantly reduced in cells with knockout of MiTF/TFE family members such as Tfeb or Tfe3. MSL-7 improves glucose tolerance and β-cell function of hIAPP
mice on high-fat diet, accompanied by reduced hIAPP oligomer/amyloid accumulation and β-cell apoptosis. Protective effects of MSL-7 against hIAPP oligomer-mediated β-cell death and the development of diabetes are also significantly reduced by β-cell-specific knockout of Tfeb. These results suggest that an autophagy enhancer could have therapeutic potential against human diabetes characterized by islet amyloid accumulation.
UAV remote sensing is suitable for urgent image monitoring and periodic observation of an area of interest. To observe a target area using UAVs, many images must be acquired because of the narrow ...image coverage of UAVs. To increase the efficiency of UAV remote sensing, UAV mosaicking is used to create a single image from multiple UAV images. In order to maintain the strength of rapid UAV deployment, UAV mosaicked images have to be quickly generated through image-based mosaicking techniques. In addition, it is necessary to improve the mosaic errors of image-based techniques that often occur in contrast to terrain-based techniques. Relief displacement is a major source of mosaic error and can be detected by utilizing a terrain model. We have proposed an image-based mosaicking technique utilizing TIN, which is a model that can represent terrain with discontinuously acquired height information of ground points. Although the TIN is less accurate than DSM, it is simpler and faster to utilize for image mosaicking. In our previous work, we demonstrated fast processing speed of mosaicking using TIN-based image tiepoints. In this study, we improve the quality of image-based mosaicking techniques by optimizing seamline-based TIN geometry. Three datasets containing buildings with large relief displacement were used in this study. The experiment results showed that the TIN based on the proposed method improved the mosaic error caused by relief displacement significantly.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Metal‐halide perovskites (MHPs) are well suited to be vivid natural color emitters due to their superior optical and electrical properties, such as narrow emission linewidths, easily and widely ...tunable emission wavelengths, low material cost, and high charge carrier mobility. Since the first development of MHP light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) in 2014, many researchers have tried to understand the properties of MHP emitters and the limitations to luminescence efficiency (LE) of PeLEDs, and have devoted efforts to increase the LE of MHP emitters and PeLEDs. Within three and half years, PeLEDs have shown rapidly increased LE from external quantum efficiency ≈0.1% to ≈14.36%. Herein, the factors that limit the LE of PeLEDs are reviewed; the factors are characterized into the following groups: i) photophysical properties of MHP crystals, ii) morphological factors of MHP layers, and iii) problems caused by device architectures. Then, the strategies to overcome those luminescence‐limiting factors in MHP emitters and PeLEDs are critically evaluated. Finally, research directions to further increase the LE of MHP emitters and the potential of MHPs as a core component in next‐generation displays and solid‐state lightings are suggested.
The factors that limit the luminescence efficiency (LE) of metal halide perovskite (MHP) light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are reviewed by categorizing them into i) photophysical properties of MHPs, ii) morphological factors, and iii) problems caused by device architectures. Various strategies to overcome those LE‐limiting factors in MHPs and PeLEDs, and research directions to further increase the LE of MHPs are discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important pathogens worldwide. In this study, three different kinds of enzymes, DNase I, proteinase K and cellulase were evaluated for inhibitory or ...degrading activity against E. coli O157:H7 biofilm by targeting extracellular DNA, proteins, and cellulose, respectively. The cell number of biofilms formed under proteinase K resulted in a 2.43 log CFU/cm
reduction with an additional synergistic 3.72 log CFU/cm
reduction after NaClO post-treatment, while no significant reduction occurred with NaClO treatment alone. It suggests that protein degradation could be a good way to control the biofilm effectively. In preformed biofilms, all enzymes showed a significant reduction of 16.4-36.7% in biofilm matrix in 10-fold diluted media (p < 0.05). The sequential treatment with proteinase K, cellulase, and NaClO showed a significantly higher synergistic inactivation of 2.83 log CFU/cm
compared to 1.58 log CFU/cm
in the sequence of cellulase, proteinase K, and NaClO (p < 0.05). It suggests that the sequence of multiple enzymes can make a significant difference in the susceptibility of biofilms to NaClO. This study indicates that the combination of extracellular polymeric substance-degrading enzymes with NaClO could be useful for the efficient control of E. coli O157:H7 biofilms.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Process simulation using mathematical modeling tools is becoming more common in the pharmaceutical industry. A mechanistic model is a mathematical modeling tool that can enhance process ...understanding, reduce experimentation cost and improve product quality. A commonly used mechanistic modeling approach for powder is the discrete element method (DEM). Most pharmaceutical materials have powder or granular material. Therefore, DEM might be widely applied in the pharmaceutical industry. This review focused on the basic elements of DEM and its implementations in pharmaceutical manufacturing simulation. Contact models and input parameters are essential elements in DEM simulation. Contact models computed contact forces acting on the particle-particle and particle-geometry interactions. Input parameters were divided into two types-material properties and interaction parameters. Various calibration methods were presented to define the interaction parameters of pharmaceutical materials. Several applications of DEM simulation in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes, such as milling, blending, granulation and coating, were categorized and summarized. Based on this review, DEM simulation might provide a systematic process understanding and process control to ensure the quality of a drug product.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cost-effective, high-throughput industrial applications of metal halide perovskites in large-area displays are hampered by the fundamental difficulty of controlling the process of polycrystalline ...film formation from precursors, which results in the random growth of crystals, leading to non-uniform large grains and thus low electroluminescence efficiency in large-area perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Here we report that highly efficient large-area PeLEDs with high uniformity can be realized through the use of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), decoupling the crystallization of perovskites from film formation. PNCs were precrystallized and surrounded by organic ligands, and thus they were not affected by the film formation process, in which a simple modified bar-coating method facilitated the evaporation of residual solvent to provide uniform large-area films. PeLEDs incorporating the uniform bar-coated PNC films achieved an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 23.26% for a pixel size of 4 mm
and an EQE of 22.5% for a large pixel area of 102 mm
with high reproducibility. This method provides a promising approach towards the development of large-scale industrial displays and solid-state lighting using perovskite emitters.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Iontronic graphene tactile sensors (i‐GTS) composed of a top floating graphene electrode and an ionic liquid droplet pinned on a bottom graphene grid, which can dramatically enhance the performance ...of capacitive‐type tactile sensors, are presented. When mechanical stress is applied to the top floating electrode, the i‐GTS operates in one of the following three regimes: air–air, air–electric double layer (EDL) transition, or EDL–EDL. Once the top electrode contacts the ionic liquid in the i‐GTS, the spreading behavior of the ionic liquid causes a capacitance transition (from a few pF to over hundreds of pF). This is because EDLs are formed at the interfaces between the electrodes and the ionic liquid. In this case, the pressure sensitivity increases to ≈31.1 kPa−1 with a gentle touch. Under prolonged application of pressure, the capacitance increases gradually, mainly due to the contact line expansion of the ionic liquid bridge pinned on the graphene grid. The sensors exhibit outstanding properties (response and relaxation times below 80 ms, and stability over 300 cycles) while demonstrating ultimate signal‐to‐noise ratios in the array tests. The contact‐induced spreading behavior of the ionic liquid is the key for boosting the sensor performance.
Iontronic graphene tactile sensors represent a new class of high‐performance wearable sensory platforms that reflect not only an unprecedented level of pressure sensing capabilities but also novel sensing principles based on spreading of ions pinned on a graphene grid, which demonstrates a more advanced tactile interface for emerging human‐interactive technologies.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Flexible tactile sensors have shown significant importance in various applications, including touch panels, artificial skins, human-machine interfaces, and wearable medical devices. Considerable ...progress has been achieved in the field of flexible tactile sensors in the last three decades through innovations in materials science and engineering. Recently, biomimetics,
i.e.
, the mimicry of biological structures and functions, has emerged as a burgeoning area in tactile sensors, which has resulted in innovations in material design and device structure manipulation to imitate the intelligent tactile sensing features of the human skin. This review includes smart designs of structural materials and functional device architectures inspired by biology, which have opened new avenues to develop high-performance flexible tactile sensors and advanced artificial sensory systems. First, an overview of the fundamental working mechanisms and progress in tactile sensors over recent years is presented briefly. Then, we review tactile sensors with bioinspired structural features, including cracks, whiskers, and hierarchical, interlocked, porous, and bristle-like structures, which enable tactile sensors to demonstrate perceptive characteristics similar to the human skin, such as multifunctionality, directionality, and selectivity with ultrahigh sensitivity and a fast response. Thereafter, we discuss tactile sensors and recently developed artificial sensory systems with bioinspired functional features, which have enabled close emulation of the functional aspects of biological systems, such as biological ion channels, skin mechanoreceptors, and sensory neurons, for the fabrication of advanced human-machine interfaces. Finally, perspectives on the current challenges as well as a brief outlook are presented.
Artificial smart designs inspired by structural and functional features of biological organisms have opened new avenues to develop high-performance flexible tactile sensors and advanced artificial sensory systems.
The percentage contribution of trans-boundary mercury (Hg) from China at different locations in South Korea was estimated from Hg anthropogenic emission distributions using the Hg dispersion model, ...CMAQ-Hg. This investigation quantifies the trans-boundary Hg emissions as contribution ratios. In addition, the long-range transportation frequency is also calculated, to verify inflow cases from China. The seasonal distribution of the Hg contribution ratio was found to be highest in winter (40%), followed by fall (16%). Seasonal observations of Hg inflow frequencies were estimated as 40%, 25%, 21%, and 4% in winter, fall, summer, and spring, respectively, at the same location. Such results would be produced by the wind generally blowing from the west and north-west with a speed of 5.0m/s and 4.5m/s, respectively, during winter and fall, around the study area. This study made an effort to quantify the trans-boundary Hg transport and to plot Hg anthropogenic emissions distribution in the region.
Graphical abstract of quantification of trans-boundary Hg in the region Display omitted
•The trans-boundary Hg in Northeast Asian region was predicted by the CMAQ-Hg model using anthropogenic emission data.•Amount of trans-boundary Hg was quantified between the countries as first attempt.•Higher levels of trans-boundary Hg contribution from China to South Korea were recorded in winter and fall.•Long-range transportation frequency and inflow cases from China to Korea were estimated by using the CMAQ-Hg model
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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