Objective: To identify a neurochemical basis for the hypothesis that an aberrant cortico‐subcortical circuit underlies obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). The white matter was also investigated ...because of recent research which suggests the altered connectivity of axons.
Method: Using 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the relative concentrations of N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline‐containing compounds (Cho) to creatine/phosphocreatine (Cr) were measured in the anterior cingulate, basal ganglia, thalamus, frontal and parietal white matter of 12 OCD patients, and 32 control subjects.
Results: The mean concentration of Cho/Cr was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls, but only in the parietal white matter, while no significant group differences in NAA/Cr were observed in any of the brain regions. Parietal Cho/Cr correlated positively with the severity of OCD symptoms.
Conclusion: This finding provides indirect evidence for the parietal white matter involvement in OCD, thus suggesting a change in the phospholipids of myelinated axons and/or glia cells.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Homogenizer is a food machine that pressures the liquid, and makes homogeneous emulsification. It is composed with a piston, connecting rod, and the crankshaft, etc., and the mechanism of the driving ...part is the rotation reciprocation.
Recently, the anomaly wear by the sliding movement become problems in components because of the influence by the pressure elevation (especially, bush bearing that has been inserted in the junction of a piston pin and connecting rod). Therefore, the development of an excellent material in wear resistance is demanded.
In this research, it produced and it experimented on sliding abrasion tester that could be examined under the high pressure. It has been found that aluminum bronze alloy is excellent in that as the bearing.
It is possible that it depends on the hardness of the material for wear volume. The plastic flows occur to the structure of the surface because of the sliding wear, and the work hardening occurs. It is thought that wear volume decreases for that. It has been understood to show an excellent sliding wear characteristic in the material that improves the hardness after the work hardening from initial hardness in the sliding wear above.
In addition, it is thought that it is widely put to practical use by developing the material that does not contain lead based on this in the field of the food machines.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) influenza virus (HK483) isolated from the third patient during the outbreak of chicken and human influenza in Hong Kong in 1997 was shown to be neurovirulent in mice. HK483 ...was inoculated intranasally to mice, and the invasion routes of the virus in the central nervous system (CNS) were investigated by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization. The pathological changes consisted of bronchopneumonia, ganglionitis, and nonpurulent encephalomyelitis of the brain stem and the anterior part of the thoracic cord. Viral antigens and viral nucleic acids (RNA and mRNA) were demonstrated in the pterygopalatine, trigeminal and superior ganglions prior to or simultaneously with their detection in the CNS. The antigens and nucleic acids were also observed in the olfactory bulb from an early stage of the infection. In the spinal cord, virus-infected cells were first demonstrated in the grey matter of the thoracic cord. The virus, which primarily replicated in the lungs, was considered to invade the thoracic cord via cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves and sympathetic nerves. These findings indicate that the virus reached the CNS through afferent fibers of the olfactory, vagal, trigeminal, and sympathetic nerves following replication in the respiratory mucosa.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The excess molar enthalpies of (1-x)water+x1,4-dioxane have been measured at four different temperatures. All the mixtures showed negative enthalpies in the range of low mole fraction but positive ...ones in the range of high mole fraction of 1,4-dioxane. Excess enthalpies were increased with increasing temperature except those of at 278.15 K. Partial molar enthalpies have maximum around x=0.13 and minimum around x=0.75. Three different behaviors for the concentration dependence of partial molar enthalpies were observed for all temperature. Theoretical calculations of molecular interactions of three characteristic concentrations were carried out using the molecular orbital method.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
110-oriented barium titanate (BaTiO
3
) ceramics were prepared by templated grain growth (TGG) method. As a result, BaTiO
3
-grain-oriented ceramics with a high density of more than 96% were ...successfully prepared despite various degrees of orientation along the 110 direction, F
110
values, from 0 to 98%. The d
31
values were almost constant at −50 pC/N despite various F
110
values, while the d
33
values increased with increasing F
110
values, and at around an F
110
of 85%, d
33
reached a maximum of 788 pC/N.
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Fissuring associated with kernel elongation was evident in a moisture-adsorbing environment at 15
°C of relative humidity 88.72±0.28% with moisture content from 6% (d.b.) to 16.3% (d.b.). The average ...length and width of 800 kernels was measured during the sorption test using a Cervitec Grain Inspector equipped with two digital cameras. Samples were exposed to both a moisture-adsorbing and desorbing environments at 15
°C with relative humidities of 23.4±0.53%, 55.9±0.27%, 70.98±0.28% and 88.72±0.28%. On image analysis, the kernels changed in size from 5.13 to 4.84
mm in length and 2.9 to 2.73
mm in width. Both length and width changed as expected during moisture-adsorbing and moisture-desorbing tests. Fissured kernel percent was related to changes in the average length of the kernels during the moisture-adsorbing tests. The average length and fissured kernel percent of rice kernels measured by image analysis may be considered as a reliable indicator of changes in their dimensions during quasi-static moisture sorption processes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Membrane processing offers several advantages over conventional processes for edible oil refining. In recent years, processing solvent‐extracted, screw‐pressed, and used frying oils using nonporous ...denser polymeric composite membranes without pretreatment and addition of chemicals has been extensively investigated. In the present review, results obtained with real and model systems have been summarized and a comprehensive explanation is provided on the mechanism of rejection and differential permeation of oil constituents. Phospholipid‐TG and pigment‐TG systems are construed as conventional solute‐solvent systems, and tocopherol‐TG and FFA‐TG systems are treated as liquid mixtures exhibiting differential permeability. Dense membrane theory appears more applicable than the reverse osmosis theory in qualitatively explaining the differential permeability of liquid constituents of the oil. Membrane processing of oils appears to have the potential to be a one‐step process, especially for screw‐pressed oils, in producing a premium‐quality product. However, the development of suitable membranes that enable higher fluxes is necessary for industrial adoption of this technology.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Expression profiling analysis revealed ectopic high expression of mouse TFF3 in non-tumor liver tissues from the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) susceptible PWK/Rbrc strain. TFF3 is a member of the ...trefoil factor family peptides, which are small secreted proteins regulating mucosal regeneration and repair, and which are overexpressed during inflammatory processes and cancer progression. We, therefore, analyzed the TFF3 expression extensively in mouse and human HCCs. Expression of the mouse TFF3 gene was significantly increased in 6 out of 7 HCCs from a PWK spontaneous tumor model and in all 7 HCCs from an SV40T antigen-induced transgenic MT-D2C57BL/6 model. In humans, 8 of 20 HCCs (40%) had overexpression of TFF3 in both mRNA level and protein level. We then analyzed DNA methylation patterns of the TFF3 promoter region to evaluate expression regulation of promoter methylation. In mouse HCCs, we demonstrated that two CpGs, at positions -992 and +109, were hypomethylated in 13 of 14 mouse HCCs. In human HCCs, hypomethylation at CpG -260 was associated with TFF3 overexpression (p=0.04). These results indicate that TFF3 overexpression may be a critical process in mouse and human hepatocellular carcinogenesis, and the specific promoter CpG hypomethylation may be one of the regulation mechanisms of TFF3 overexpression in HCCs.
To understand the factors governing the diversity, abundance and host associations of parasitoids attacking frugivorous drosophilid flies on Iriomote-jima, a subtropical island of Japan, we monitored ...parasitism on several occasions over the period 2003-2009. Fifteen drosophilid and 12 parasitoid species were recorded. Three species of Drosophila, D. bipectinata, D. albomicans and D. takahashii, bred abundantly in banana baits, though their abundance varied between years and seasons. Frequent parasitoid species were Asobara japonica, A. pleuralis (Braconidae), Leptopilina ryukyuensis and L. pacifica (Figitidae). L. victoriae was recorded only in December 2003. In addition, host acceptance and host suitability of the four most frequently recorded parasitoid species were studied in the laboratory. Most parasitoid and drosophilid species showed species-specific associations with more than one antagonist species, suggesting that they have been subjected to complex coevolutionary interactions. In addition, host range of most of the parasitoid species included one of the three major Drosophila species, suggesting that the abundance of potential hosts is one of the factors determining the evolution of parasitoid host use.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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