Objective
To evaluate the influence of implant and prosthetic components on peri‐implant tissue health. A further aim was to evaluate peri‐implant soft‐tissue changes following surgical ...peri‐implantitis treatment.
Materials and methods
Group discussions based on two systematic reviews (SR) and one critical review (CR) addressed (i) the influence of implant material and surface characteristics on the incidence and progression of peri‐implantitis, (ii) implant and restorative design elements and the associated risk for peri‐implant diseases, and (iii) peri‐implant soft‐tissue level changes and patient‐reported outcomes following peri‐implantitis treatment. Consensus statements, clinical recommendations, and implications for future research were discussed within the group and approved during plenary sessions.
Results
Data from preclinical in vivo studies demonstrated significantly greater radiographic bone loss and increased area of inflammatory infiltrate at modified compared to non‐modified surface implants. Limited clinical data did not show differences between modified and non‐modified implant surfaces in incidence or progression of peri‐implantitis (SR). There is some evidence that restricted accessibility for oral hygiene and an emergence angle of >30 combined with a convex emergence profile of the abutment/prosthesis are associated with an increased risk for peri‐implantitis (CR). Reconstructive therapy for peri‐implantitis resulted in significantly less soft‐tissue recession, when compared with access flap. Implantoplasty or the adjunctive use of a barrier membrane had no influence on the extent of peri‐implant mucosal recession following peri‐implantitis treatment (SR).
Conclusions
Prosthesis overcontouring and impaired access to oral hygiene procedures increases risk for peri‐implantitis. When indicated, reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment may facilitate the maintenance of post‐operative peri‐implant soft‐tissue levels.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The Board of EAO (European Association for Osseointegration) has discussed an initiative to explore the conditions to establish a Dental Implant Register. It was suggested to bring this issue to the ...EAO Consensus Conference 2018 for a discussion and to possibly propose relevant and manageable parameters. This article presents some select examples from quality registers in the medical field. Based on the experience of established registers, essentially in the medical field, factors considered to be of importance, if and when establishing a Dental Implant Register are introduced and discussed.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Scientific evidence regarding the accuracy of implants placed into patients by the aid of a surgical template is limited. The objective of the present study was to verify if any ...variation exists between virtually planned implants' position using a computer, compared with the subsequently clinically placed implants with the aid of a surgical template in the mandible and the maxilla.
Material and Methods: A total number of 25 edentate jaws were treated with the aid of a surgical template. In total, 139 implants were inserted. Fifty implants were inserted in the mandible and 89 in the maxilla. A voxel‐based registration method was used to match two separate cone‐beam computed tomography scans of the patients. The implant positions were calculated and compared between the planned implants and the implants' clinical position after more than 1 year after surgery. The results included the linear differences in distance at the level of the hex, the apex, and the depth. The angular differences were presented in degrees.
Results: Statistical results indicated some factors with significant deviations. The greatest errors were found when comparing between patients moving during the computed tomography scans and those that did not move. The results showed significant divergence at the level of the hex and apex of the implants.
Conclusion: The hypothesis was rejected, as the statistical results indicated that there were significant differences between virtually planned implants' position and the final position of implants placed clinically.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aim
The aim of this questionnaire‐based case–control study was to assess whether self‐reported oral health and periodontitis in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) differ ...from those in matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Materials and Methods
A survey including questions on general anamnestic information, IBD diagnosis, and oral health was distributed online. Self‐perceived overall health of teeth and gums, severe periodontitis, and tooth loss were defined as outcome parameters.
Results
Analyses were based on answers from 1108 patients with IBD and 3429 controls. Patients with IBD reported significantly worse oral health and more periodontal problems compared to controls. Regression analyses corrected for relevant confounders showed significantly increased odds for fair or poor self‐perceived overall health of teeth and gums (odds ratio OR 2.147 and 2.736, respectively) and for severe periodontitis (OR 1.739 and 2.574, respectively) for patients with UC and CD compared to controls; patients with CD presented additionally 91% higher odds for having <20 remaining teeth.
Conclusion
Patients with UC and CD have significantly increased odds for worse self‐perceived oral health and severe periodontitis compared to controls, with the former being more severely affected and losing more teeth. It is strongly recommended that patients with IBD are kept under close surveillance to prevent periodontitis development and/or mitigate its progression.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
To describe the frequency and impact of oral lesions and professional dental care costs in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (i.e., Crohn disease CD or ulcerative colitis UC) ...compared to matched controls).
Methods
IBD patients and matched controls were surveyed on general anamnestic information, eating and drinking habits, and oral health‐ and dental care‐related questions; IBD patients were additionally surveyed on oral lesions. Problems related to oral lesions and the amount of money spent for professional dental care in the past 12 months were defined as primary outcome parameters.
Results
Answers from 1108 IBD patients and 3429 controls were analyzed. About 30% of the patients indicated having had problems with oral lesions, with CD patients having 46% higher odds and having them more often in a generalized form compared to UC patients. Further, self‐reported severe periodontitis increased the odds of having oral lesions by almost 2.3‐times. However, only about 12.5% of IBD patients were informed by their physician about oral lesions and about 10% indicated receiving treatment for them. Compared to controls, IBD patients required more often dental treatment and spent more money; specifically, UC and CD patients had 27 and 89% higher odds, respectively, for having spent ≥3000 DKK (ca. 440 USD) at the dentist compared to controls.
Conclusions
IBD patients have more often oral health problems and higher expenses for professional dental care compared to matched controls. This included problems with IBD‐related oral lesions, but these are rarely addressed by the medical or dental team.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To evaluate the effect of local and/or systemic statin use as an adjunct to non-surgical and/or surgical periodontal therapy.
Literature search according to PRISMA guidelines with the following ...eligibility criteria: (a) English or German language; (b) interventional studies; (c) statins as monotherapy or as an adjunct to non-surgical and/or surgical treatment of periodontitis; (d) clinical and/or radiographic treatment effect size of statin intake reported.
Medline (PubMed), Embase (Ovid), CENTRAL (Ovid).
Thirteen clinical studies regarding local application and 2 with systemic administration of statins as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment (SRP) and 4 studies regarding intrasurgical statin application with a maximum follow-up of 9 months could be included; simvastatin, atorvastatin, and rosuvastatin were used. Local but not systemic statin application as an adjunct to SRP yielded significantly larger probing pocket depth (PD), radiographic defect depth (RDD), and bleeding index reduction, and larger clinical attachment level gain, and less residual PD and RDD (p≤0.016); rosuvastatin appeared as the most efficacious. Three of 4 studies reported a significant positive effect of intrasurgical statin application. No adverse events were reported after statin use. The vast majority of the included studies were from the same research group.
Significant additional clinical and radiographic improvements are obtained after local, but not systemic, statin use as an adjunct to SRP in deep pockets associated with intrabony defects and seemingly with furcation defects; intrasurgical statin application seems similarly beneficial. Confirmation of these results, and especially of the effect size, from other research groups is warranted.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Aim
To evaluate the effect of hyaluronan (HY) application as monotherapy or as adjunct to non‐surgical and/or surgical periodontal therapy.
Methods
Literature search was performed according to PRISMA ...guidelines with the following main eligibility criteria: (a) English or German language; (b) pre‐clinical in vivo or human controlled trials; (c) effect size of HY evaluated histologically or clinically.
Results
Two pre‐clinical in vivo studies on surgical treatment and 12 clinical trials on non‐surgical and/or surgical treatment were included. Most of the studies were highly heterogeneous, regarding with HY product used and application mode, and of high risk of bias, thus not allowing meta‐analysis. The majority of clinical studies described a beneficial, occasionally statistically significant, effect of HY on bleeding on probing (BoP) and pocket depth (PD) reduction (2.28–19.5% and 0.2–0.9 mm, respectively), comparing to controls; no adverse effects were reported.
Conclusions
Hyaluronan application as adjunct to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal treatment seems to have a beneficial, generally moderate, effect on surrogate outcome variables of periodontal inflammation, i.e., BoP and residual PD, and appears to be safe. The large heterogeneity of included studies, does not allow recommendations on the mode of application or effect size of HY as adjunct to non‐surgical and surgical periodontal treatment.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Rapid urbanization processes and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastewaters are major causes for anthropogenic lake-sediment deposition and eutrophication. However, information about the spatial ...and temporal variation of macrophyte and phytoplankton distribution as indicators for water contamination is limited. To gain insights into the dynamics, we analyzed lake-cover changes of Bellandur and Varthur Lake in the S-Indian megacity of Bengaluru for the post-rainy seasons of the years 2002–2019. Supervised maximum likelihood classifications were conducted on 62 freely available, true-color satellite images in order to distinguish between macrophytes, algae, and free water surface. The image-derived results were verified by supervised classification and manual mapping of two simultaneously recorded multispectral satellite images (Sentinel-2 and WorldView-2). Seasonal interrelations between macrophytes and algae distribution were similar for both lakes. The increase in macrophyte cover during post-rainy season negatively correlated with algal abundance. Macrophyte expansion progressively suppressed algae development at both lakes, reflective of increasing eutrophication caused by on-going wastewater input. Seasonal variation in precipitation, wind direction, and temperature seemed to trigger intra-annual shifts of macrophytes and algae while similar macrophyte spread intensities during the post-monsoon season indicated independence of nutrient loads in the lake water.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Key factors associated with the production of biomass pellets are pellet durability and operational cost of the pellet mill. This paper reviews parameters of the pellet die configuration and ...operational variables that influence the performance of the pellet mill and the quality of the produced pellets. A die is specified by design parameters such as surface area and distribution pattern of press channels in the die, and correspondingly the press channel parameters are defined by length/diameter ratio and inlet angle and depth. In this paper, physical mechanisms are reviewed with respect to each of the design parameters, as well as the operational conditions of the pellet mill. The review of the literature has highlighted gaps in several areas that need further research. Specifically, the design of the conical press channel inlet and the surface area which appear to be key parameters in optimizing the process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The cholesterol‐lowering drugs, statins, possess anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and pro‐osteogenic properties, and thus have been tested as an adjunct to periodontal treatment. The present ...systematic review aimed to answer the following focused research question: What is the effect of local and/or systemic statin use on periodontal tissues in preclinical in vivo studies of experimentally induced periodontitis (EIP) and/or acute/chronified periodontal defect (ACP) models? A literature search (of Medline/PubMed, Embase/Ovid, CENTRAL/Ovid) using the following main eligibility criteria was performed: (i) English or German language; (ii) controlled preclinical in vivo trials; (iii) local and/or systemic statin use in EIP and/or ACP models; and (iv) quantitative evaluation of periodontal tissues (i.e., alveolar bone level/amount, attachment level, cementum formation, periodontal ligament formation). Sixteen studies in EIP models and 7 studies in ACP models evaluated simvastatin, atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Thirteen of the EIP (81%) and 2 of the ACP (29%) studies presented significantly better results in terms of alveolar bone level/amount in favor of statins. Meta‐analysis based on 14 EIP trials confirmed a significant benefit of local and systemic statin use (P < .001) in terms of alveolar bone level/amount; meta‐regression revealed that statin type exhibited a significant effect (P = .014) in favor of atorvastatin. Three studies reported a significantly higher periodontal attachment level in favor of statin use (P < .001). Complete periodontal regeneration was never observed; furthermore, statins did not exert any apparent effect on cementum formation. Neither local nor systemic use of statins resulted in severe adverse effects. Statin use in periodontal indications has a positive effect on periodontal tissue parameters, supporting the positive results already observed in clinical trials. Nevertheless, not all statins available have been tested so far, and further research is needed to identify the maximum effective concentration/dose and optimal carrier.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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