Self-sacrificing behavior of the leader and the extent to which the leader is representative of the group (i.e., group prototypical) are proposed to interact to influence leadership effectiveness. ...The authors expected self-sacrificing leaders to be considered more effective and to be able to push subordinates to a higher performance level than non-self-sacrificing leaders, and these effects were expected to be more pronounced for less prototypical leaders than for more prototypical leaders. The results of a laboratory experiment showed that, as expected, productivity levels, effectiveness ratings, and perceived leader group-orientedness and charisma were positively affected by leader self-sacrifice, especially when leader prototypicality was low. The main results were replicated in a scenario experiment and 2 surveys.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective To identify predictors of failure in percutaneous endovascular aneurysm repair (P-EVAR) using the Prostar XL Percutaneous Vascular Surgery Device (Abbot Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and ...the need for conversion to conventional femoral cutdown (O-EVAR). Methods Consecutive patients who underwent P-EVAR with the Prostar XL device between January 2009 and April 2012 were included in this series. Patients with a circular calcified common femoral artery (CFA) on computed tomography angiography were operated using O-EVAR and were therefore excluded. To identify predictors of success of closure in P-EVAR, artery characteristics, sheath size used, and comorbidities were analyzed in a univariate logistic regression model. Results Percutaneous access was achieved in 154 femoral access sites with conversion to O-EVAR was needed in 10 (6.5%). Significant predictors of conversion included sheath size (continuous, relative risk RR 1.50, p < .03) and the ratio between sheath size and CFA diameter >0.75 (RR 8.93, p < .01). Variables such as calcification quantity scores, CFA diameter, body mass index, and comorbidities were not significant. Conclusion The data demonstrate that sheath size, in particular, combined with CFA diameter predicts failure of closure in P-EVAR using the Prostar XL device. This ratio can be utilized to help in decision making with regard to the EVAR approach. A ratio of >0.75 would favor a primary open groin approach.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This article reviews empirical research on the role of follower self-conception in leadership effectiveness, and specifies an agenda for future research in this area. The review shows that several ...aspects of follower self-conception (i.e., self-construal, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-consistency) may be affected by leadership, and may mediate the effects of leadership on follower behavior. There also is consistent evidence that follower self-construal moderates the impact of leadership on follower attitudes and behavior. Two key themes for future research are defined. First, future research should focus on the development of theory about the role of relational self-construal in the leadership process. Second, it seems particularly valuable to develop theory about the interplay of different aspects of follower self-conception in leadership effectiveness, including the interactive effects of these aspects of self. Working backwards from these theoretical models of follower self-conception, specific leader behavior relevant to these aspects of self should then be identified.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Self-Esteem and Outcome Fairness Vermunt, Riël; van Knippenberg, Daan; van Knippenberg, Barbara ...
Journal of applied psychology,
08/2001, Volume:
86, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Results of a survey of 222 detainees in Dutch jails and police stations showed that outcome-fairness judgments of individuals with high self-esteem were more strongly related to outcome ...considerations than to procedural considerations, whereas outcome-fairness judgments of individuals with low self-esteem were more strongly related to procedural considerations than to outcome considerations. It was proposed that these differences were due to the fact that (a) procedures more strongly express a social evaluation than outcomes and (b) individuals with low self-esteem are more concerned with social evaluations than individuals with high self-esteem. The implications of the results for other individual-differences factors and other populations than detainees are discussed.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In two experiments, we studied the effects of (a) the extent to which group members are risk seeking in comparison with others in the group and (b) group member prototypicality (the extent to which ...individuals hold group-typical risk preferences) on the likelihood that group members will take the lead in risky decision making. Participants were led to believe that they engaged in a four-person group discussion and received bogus feedback about their own risk preferences, the risk preferences of the other group members, and the risk preferences of their group as a whole. In Experiment 2, we also manipulated the framing of the decision problem (gain vs. loss frame). Results supported the hypotheses that (a) more risk seeking members are more likely to take the lead and (b) prototypical members are more likely to take the lead when the problem facing the group is ambiguous (i.e., when group risk preferences and decision framing are incongruent), whereas nonprototypical members are more likely to take the lead when the problem facing the group is relatively clear-cut (i.e., when group risk preferences and decision framing are congruent).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
To determine the safety and the long-term results of primary stent placement for localized distal aortic occlusive disease.
Retrospective observational study.
From July 1998 to July 2005 17 patients ...(14 female and 3 men, mean age 57 years (39–80)) were treated for intermittent claudication. Five of these patients underwent additional endovascular treatment of focal iliac lesions.
Technical success defined as residual stenosis of less than 50% or a trans-stenotic systolic pressure gradient <10% was achieved in 14 of 17 (82%) patients. Major complications included dissection at the puncture site in one patient and thrombosis of additional iliac stents in another patient. Both of these complications were successfully treated. During a mean follow-up of 27 months (range 1–86), four patients had recurrence of symptoms due to in-stent restenoses (n
=
2), femoral (n
=
1) or iliac occlusion (n
=
1), respectively. By Kaplan-Meier analysis, primary aortic hemodynamic patency was 83% at 3 years. Secondary aortic hemodynamic patency was 100%. The primary clinical patency was 68% at 3 years.
Primary stent placement for distal aortic stenoses is an alternative to surgical treatment because of its high patency and relatively low complication rates.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the present research, the authors examined the effect of procedural fairness and rewarding leadership style on an important variable for employees: self-esteem. The authors predicted that ...procedural fairness would positively influence people's reported self-esteem if the leader adopted a style of rewarding behavior for a job well done. Results from a scenario experiment, a laboratory experiment, and an organizational survey indeed show that procedural fairness and rewarding leadership style interacted to influence followers' self-esteem, such that the positive relationship between procedural fairness and self-esteem was more pronounced when the leadership style was high in rewarding behavior. Implications in terms of integrating the leadership and procedural fairness literature are discussed.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
An analysis of the social identity processes involved in organizational mergers suggests that organizational identification after a merger is contingent on a sense of continuity of identity. This ...sense of continuity, in turn, is argued to be contingent on the extent to which the individual's own pre‐merger organization dominates, or is dominated by, the merger partner. In support of this analysis, results of two surveys of merged organizations showed that pre‐merger and post‐merger identification were more positively related for members of dominant as opposed to dominated organizations, whereas perceived differences between the merger partners were more negatively related to post‐merger identification for members of the dominated compared with the dominant organization.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The communication skills of students of the Dutch medical schools of Maastricht and Leiden were compared, to assess the effectiveness of these schools' different approaches to communication skills ...training. Both schools have a six-year undergraduate medical curriculum, divided into four preclinical years and two years of clinical clerkships. The Maastricht problem-based curriculum offers an integrated clinical skills training programme, including communication skills, which runs throughout the first four years. Communication skills training in Leiden is concentrated in courses in the preclinical phase, at the beginning of the clinical phase and preceding two clerkships.
Communication skills of fourth-year and sixth-year students (N = 161) of both universities were assessed using four OSCE stations in which students did entire consultations with standardised patients. Trained observers rated these consultations, using a checklist.
Maastricht students of both year groups obtained significantly higher checklist scores for their communication skills than their Leiden colleagues. The Leiden students' scores increase between years 4 and 6, whereas those of the Maastricht students showed no significant change.
The higher scores obtained by the Maastricht students indicate a greater overall effectiveness of a longitudinal, integrated approach compared with concentrated courses. Absence of formal training in the clinical phase in Maastricht leads to stabilisation of communication skills, whereas the increase in the Leiden students' scores between years 4 and 6 offers evidence that formal communication skills training during the clinical phase does pay off. These findings suggest that the preferred approach to communication skills training would be an integrated, longitudinal programme, which continues during the clinical years.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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