Energy conversion from the renewable energy sources with suitable energy storage plays a vital role in the sustainable development. Sustainable hydrogen production from the solar energy is well ...suited for energy storage applications because of inherent high mass energy density of hydrogen. This manuscript reviewing the techniques required for the sustainable solar hydrogen production using photon fuel on artificial leaf, i.e. solar cell. The designing and assembling of artificial solar leaf, which is the replica of natural leaf and capable of harnessing full solar spectrum, are deliberated. This technology for sustainable solar hydrogen production will overlay a viable way for more real-world applications of traditional as well new generation solar cells, e.g. multi-junction solar cells coated with variable band gap of quantum materials, in the future. This, also, results in the successive control on carbon emission by converting abundantly present CO2/CO into meaningful future industrial fuel, therefore, generating hydrogen, known as photon fuel, via successfully harnessing the wide spectrum of the solar radiation.
•Sustainable production of hydrogen after solar irradiated multi-junction solar cell coated with quantum dots been reviewed.•The designing and assembling of artificial solar leaf, which is the replica of natural leaf, are deliberated.•Detailed analysis on the architect of photoelectrochemical cell, photocatalyst, and phonon absorption.•Solar fuels have enormous potential to be stored in terms of chemical bonds as well being transportable.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A future Smart Grid power system network will serve as a dynamic network for bi-directional energy flows, linking widely distributed small capacity renewable energy systems at consumer level ...(distribution network) and centralized higher-capacity power generators, facilitating active participation of customer choice for energy production/source and demand management, and providing real-time information on the performance and optimal operation of the power system network.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The New Energy and Industry Technology Development Organization (NEDO) road map (Japan, 2017) has proposed that a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) system, which operates at a temperature of 90 °C ...and 100 °C, be applied for stationary and mobility usage, respectively. This study suggests using a thin polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and a thin gas diffusion layer (GDL), at the same time, to achieve better power-generation performance, at a higher temperature than usual. The focus of this paper is to clarify the effect of separator thickness on the distribution of temperature at the reaction surface (Treact), with the relative humidity (RH) of the supply gasses and initial operation temperature (Tini), quantitatively. In this study, separator thickness is investigated in a system using a thin PEM and a thin GDL. Moreover, this study investigates the difference between the maximum temperature and the minimum temperature obtained from the distribution of Treact as well as the relation between the standard deviation of Treact − Tini and total voltage, to clarify the effect of separator thickness. The impact of the flow rates of the supply gases on the distribution of Treact is not large, among the investigated conditions. It is noticed that the temperature distribution is wider when a separator thickness of 2.0 mm is selected. On the other hand, it is observed that the temperature increases along with the gas flow through the gas channel, by approximately 2 °C, when using a separator thickness between 1.5 mm and 1.0 mm. The impact of the RH on the distributions of Treact − Tini is larger at Tini = 100 °C, when a separator thickness of 1.0 mm is selected. It is revealed that the wider temperature distribution provides a reduction in power-generation performance. This study proposes that the thin separators, i.e., with a thickness of 1.5 mm and 1.0 mm, are not suitable for higher temperature operation than usual.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A stackelberg game algorithm is proposed to optimize real time demand response equilibrium between consumers and utilities with the integration of renewable energy sources. Stackelberg game is played ...between one leader and N followers to provide interaction between utility and consumers in the presence of energy management center. The objective of consumers is to minimize their energy tariffs by scheduling their appliances. Appliances are categorized as non-shiftable, shiftable and curtailable appliances based on their applications. The objective of the utility is to maximize its profit by managing peak to average energy consumption ratio, penetration of renewable energy sources as a primary source and during peak hours, integrate electric vehicles as a backup. The existence of a unique stackelberg equilibrium that provides an optimal energy consumption scheme to each appliance at the consumer end was demonstrated. The simulation results showed the optimal real time demand response using stackelberg game algorithm is effective for achieving the optimal load control.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
This work focuses on the enhancement of the charging reliability of both scheduled (SEVs) and opportunistic (UEVs) electric vehicle (EV) users in an EV fast charging station (FCS). The proposed ...charging coordination strategies allow UEVs to exploit unused charging resources to optimally utilize the limited charging resources of FCS. However, the optimum utilization of limited charging resources of an FCS while assuring a reliable charging process for plugged-in EVs under random failures of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is a real challenge for the FCS controller. When the FCS admits UEVs in addition to SEVs, assuring a satisfactory quality of service to both EV user categories is also dispensable. Therefore, we analyze the performance of reservation of off-board mobile chargers (MOBCs) to enhance the charging reliability of EV users while achieving high charging resource utilization. This work proposes resource allocation and charging coordination strategies for an FCS where MOBCs are used to enhance the charging reliability of both SEVs and UEVs. Moreover, the proposed dynamic charging resource coordination strategies are analyzed with a continuous time Markov-chain (CTMC). The presented results from the CTMC model demonstrate that the proposed strategies outperform the EV charging process of the FCS in terms of high resource utilization and reliability while guaranteeing a satisfactory quality of service to EV users.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Peak shaving techniques have become increasingly important for managing peak demand and improving the reliability, efficiency, and resilience of modern power systems. In this review paper, we examine ...different peak shaving strategies for smart grids, including battery energy storage systems, nuclear and battery storage power plants, hybrid energy storage systems, photovoltaic system installations, the real-time scheduling of household appliances, repurposed electric vehicle batteries, uni- and bi-directional electric vehicle charging, the demand response, the time-of-use pricing, load shedding systems, distributed generation systems and energy-efficient management. We analyze the potential of each strategy to reduce peak demand and shift energy consumption to off-peak hours, as well as identify the key themes critical to the success of peak shaving for smart grids, including effective coordination and communication, data analytics and predictive modeling and clear policy and regulatory frameworks. Our review highlights the diverse range of innovative technologies and techniques available to utilities and power system operators and it emphasizes the need for continued research and development in emerging areas such as blockchain technology and artificial intelligence. Overall, the implementation of peak shaving strategies represents a significant step toward a more sustainable, reliable and efficient power system. By leveraging the latest technologies and techniques available, utilities and power system operators can better manage peak demand, integrate renewable energy sources, and create a more reliable and secure grid for the future. By discussing cutting-edge technologies and methods to effectively manage peak demand and incorporate renewable energy sources, this review paper emphasizes the significance of peak shaving strategies for smart grids as a crucial pathway towards realizing a more sustainable, dependable and efficient power system.
Combined heat and power (CHP) plants have opportunities to work as distributed power generation for providing heat and power demand. Furthermore, CHP plants contribute effectively to overcoming the ...intermittence of renewable energy sources as well as load dynamics. CHP plants need optimal solution(s) for providing electrical and heat energy demand simultaneously within the smart network environment. CHP or cogeneration plant operations need appropriate techno-economic dispatching of combined heat and power with minimising produced energy cost. The interrelationship between heat and power development in a CHP unit, the valve point loading effect, and forbidden working regions of a thermal power plant make the CHP economic dispatch’s (CHPED) objective function discontinuous. It adds complexity in the CHPED optimisation process. The key objective of the CHPED is operating cost minimisation while meeting the desired power and heat demand. To optimise the dispatch operation, three different algorithms, like Jaya algorithm, Rao 3 algorithm, and hybrid CHPED algorithm (based on first two) are adopted containing different equality and inequality restrictions of generating units. The hybrid CHPED algorithm is developed by the authors, and it can handle all of the constraints. The success of the suggested algorithms is assessed on two test systems; 5-units and 24-unit power plants.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The book gathers a collection of high-quality peer-reviewed research papers presented at the International Conference on Data and Information Systems (ICDIS 2017), held at Indira Gandhi National ...Tribal University, India from November 3 to 4, 2017.
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FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
An increasing emphasis on energy storage has resulted in a surge of R&D efforts into producing catalyst materials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with emphasis on decreasing the usage of ...platinum group metals (PGMs). Alkaline water electrolysis holds promise for satisfying future energy storage demands, however the intrinsic potential of this technology is impeded by sluggish reaction kinetics. Here, we summarize the latest efforts within alkaline HER electrocatalyst design, where these efforts are divided between three catalyst design strategies inspired by the three prevailing theories describing the pH-dependence of the HER activity. Modifying the electronic structure of a host through codoping and creating specific sites for hydrogen/hydroxide adsorption stand out as promising strategies. However, with the vast amount of possible combinations, emphasis on screening parameters is important. The authors predict that creating a codoped catalyst using the first strategy by screening materials based on their hydrogen, hydroxide and water binding energies, and utilizing the second and third strategies as optimization parameters might yield both active and stable HER catalyst materials. This strategy has the potential to greatly advance the current status of alkaline water electrolysis as an energy storage option.
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