Optically inactive, paramagnetic Ir(
iii
)(ppy)
3
and Ir(
iii
)(ppy)
2
(acac) (ppy: 2-phenylpyridinate and acac: acetylacetonate) showed nearly mirror-symmetric magnetic circularly polarised ...luminescence (MCPL) spectra in dilute dichloromethane and dimethyl sulfoxide under N-up and S-up geometries in a 1.6-T magnetic field. However, the MCPL signs of Ir(
iii
)(ppy)
3
and Ir(
iii
)(ppy)
2
(acac) under the same N-up (or S-up) Faraday geometry were opposite to each other when one ppy was replaced with an acac. This ligand exchange approach provides facile control of the MCPL sign, irrespective of the Faraday geometry.
MCPL signs of Ir(
iii
) luminophores can be controlled by the magnetic field's direction and the type of achiral ligands.
Antigen combining sites of the camelid heavy chain antibody variable domain (VHH) are constructed by three complementarity determining regions (CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3). We prepared cDNA using mRNA ...extracted from peripheral lymphocytes of alpacas that had been nonimmunized or immunized with human serum albumin (HSA). The VHH gene fragments encoding the amino-terminal half-containing CDR1 as well as CDR2 and the carboxyl-terminal half-containing CDR3 were amplified independently by PCR, and then full-length VHH gene fragments were generated by overlap extension PCR and cloned into the phagemid vector. This protocol, referred to as CDR shuffling, allowed us to construct an alpaca VHH phage display library possessing repertoires different from those naturally occurring in animals. We asked, first, whether this library was able to provide the functional VHH fragments against HSA, an immunized antigen, and obtained 29 anti-HSA VHH clones, 41% possessed KD values of lower than 10 -8 M, 5 of which had KD values of 10 -10 M. We also obtained VHH clones against nonimmunized protein antigens such as cardiac troponin T and I, Ebola virus glycoprotein 1, and human immunoglobulin G by biopanning. We compared the amino acid sequences and affinities and found that 43% of VHHs had KD values of less than 10 -8 M, although those having KD values of 10 -10 M were unavailable. These results suggested that the CDR-shuffled VHH phage display library could potentially provide VHHs against nonimmunized protein antigens with similar levels of affinities to those against immunized antigens.
Five optically inactive EuIII(hfa)3, TbIII(hfa)3, EuIII(acac)3·Phen, TbIII(acac)3·Phen and EuIII(hfa)3·BDPB (hfa: hexafluoroacetylacetonate, acac: acetylacetonate, BDPB: ...2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)biphenyl and Phen: phenanthroline) complexes showed clear mirror-image magnetic circularly polarised luminescence (MCPL) spectra in CHCl3, acetone, and DMF solutions, in a poly(methyl methacrylate) film, a KBr pellet and bulk powder at room temperature under 1.6 T as an external magnetic field with Faraday geometry. The signs of the MCPL signals were determined via N-up and S-up geometries. The gMCPL values of EuIII(hfa)3 and TbIII(hfa)3 were ±(0.046–2.0) × 10−2 T−1 at the 5D0 → 5FJ transitions (J = 1–4) in the range of 590 nm and 703 nm and ±(0.0081–1.0) × 10−2 T−1 at the 5D4 → 7FJ transitions (J = 3–6) in the range of 480 nm and 630 nm, respectively. Interestingly, the photoluminescence spectra of EuIII(hfa)3 and TbIII(hfa)3 in CHCl3 and acetone under 1.6 T considerably redshifted by 10–114 cm−1, while those of EuIII(acac)3·Phen and TbIII(acac)3·Phen did not reveal detectable redshifts.
Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopy measures the difference in luminescence intensity between left- and right-circularly polarized light, and is often used to analyze the structure ...of chiral molecules in their excited state. Recently, it has found an increasing range of applications in the analysis of molecules that emit circularly polarized light and can be employed in 3D displays. Thus, the number of articles focusing on CPL spectroscopy has increased dramatically. However, since the luminescence dissymmetry factor (
) for organic compounds is generally <|0.01|, CPL spectrometers must offer high sensitivity and produce spectra that are artifact-free for chiral molecules. Until now, the principal targets of CPL measurements have been solution samples. However, for practical device applications, it is also necessary to be able to measure the CPL spectra of solid-state samples. In addition, since electronic devices often operate at high temperatures, it is important to evaluate the thermal dependence of the CPL characteristics. Moreover, in the measurement of solid-state samples, the degree of anisotropy of the samples must be evaluated, because a large degree of anisotropy can cause artifacts. Therefore, we describe methods to evaluate the degree of anisotropy of solid-state samples and their high-temperature applications.
In this study, we report poly(1H-thieno3,4-dimidazol-2(3H)-one) (pTIO) derivatives for an electrochromic (EC) type e-paper and its novel printing fabrication process. pTIO is a kind of conductive ...polymer (CP) s which are known as one of the EC materials. The electrochromism of pTIO is unique, because its color in doped state is almost transparent (pale gray). A transparent state is required to show a white color in a see-through view of an EC type e-paper. An electrochromism of CP has a good memory effect which is applicable for e-paper. The corresponding monomers of CP are able to be polymerized with an electrochemical method, which be made good use of for the fabrication process of e-paper. pTIO derivatives are copolymerized with other pi-conjugated X unit, which adjusts the color of electrochromism. Finally, we fabricated a segment matrix EC display using pTIO derivatives by ink-jet printing.
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We aim to elucidate the cosurfactant effects, which are expected when junctions of two block copolymers share a common microdomain interface, on morphology and phase behavior of mixtures. Especially ...this paper addresses the effects involved for binary mixtures composed of polystyrene-block-polyisoprene having about equal molecular weights but complementary compositions, one forming polystyrene (PS) cylinders in polyisoprene (PI) matrix and the other forming PI cylinders in PS matrix. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering were used to characterize the phase behavior and domain spacing of the binary mixtures. First, we found an expanding composition range for hexagonally packed cylindrical morphology and a narrowed composition range for lamellae relative to the corresponding composition ranges for neat SI block copolymer under a strong segregation condition. The result indicates that the cosurfactant effects help a block copolymer to take its spontaneous curvature. Second, it was found that the effects enlarged the domain size and interdomain distance of the binary mixtures. Those results were compared with the theory by Birshtein and co-workers, which is proposed to describe the microdomain morphology for strongly segregated binary block copolymers. We found good agreements between experimental and theoretical results in terms of (i) domain size, (ii) interdomain distance, and (iii) the blending compositions where morphological transitions occur.
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Chiral molecules exhibit different absorbance for left and right circularly polarized light. This phenomenon is called circular dichroism (CD). To measure CD spectra, a CD spectrometer alternately ...irradiates a sample with left and right circularly polarized light, and detects the difference in absorbance between the two cases.CD spectroscopy is more sensitive and easier to perform than NMR or X-ray crystallography, and sample conditions such as the temperature and pH can be changed easily. Therefore, CD spectroscopy is suitable for measuring structural changes in chiral molecules while varying the sample environment. Because of the wide wavelength range from the far ultraviolet to the near infrared, biomolecules such as proteins, organic compounds and metal complexes can be targeted.
Electrochromic (EC) type e-paper is attracted with colorfulness and clearness. We have been researching and developing the material for EC type e-paper. We developed novel EC Polymers for e-paper. ...Our EC polymers are kinds of conductive polymers (CP). CP has some characteristics. One is electrochromism, and the other is electrochemical polymerization. Electrochromism of CP has a good memory effect. And electrochemical polymerization is suitable for printable electronics, for instance, ink-jet, screen print, and so on. Our EC polymers are comprised with thiophene derivatives and pi-conjugated X unit. To our knowledge, this thiophene derivatives are novel structure for EC polymers. These EC polymers have the electrochromic characteristic which change from coloration state to clear state. And we can adjust the color which we want by changing only X unit. And we made segment matrix EC display with our EC polymers by ink-jet printing. Our EC polymers are suitable for printable electronics, flexible substrate, and roll-to-roll process. We introduce our developing technologies.
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