Ever since the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake, in which the Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute (KOERI) was not able to correctly reflect the magnitude size in its preliminary report ...because of the saturation effect, a rapid and accurate determination of the earthquake becomes a very important issue. Therefore, in the framework of this study, an automatic determination of the moment magnitude was performed by using the displacement spectra of selected earthquakes in the Marmara Region. For this purpose, 39 three-component broadband stations from KOERI seismic network which recorded 174 earthquakes with magnitudes 2.5 ≤
M
≤ 5.0 in between 2006–2009 were used. Due to the importance of quality factor in determination of the moment magnitude with spectral analysis method, the quality factor was calculated for the whole region in the beginning. Source spectrum which was obtained by converting the velocity records to displacement spectra and moment magnitudes of earthquakes were determined by fitting this spectrum to classical Brune model. For this aim, an automatic procedure was utilized which based on minimizing the differences between observed and synthetic source spectra identified by the S waves. Besides moment magnitude and location parameters, some source parameters such as seismic moment, spectral level, corner frequency and stress drop were also calculated. Application of the method proves that determining the seismic moment from the source spectra is applicable not only for earthquakes with small magnitude but also moderate earthquakes as well.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background
The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of combined Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy to that of scaling and root planing with hand instruments in non‐surgical ...treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Material and Methods
Twenty‐five systemically healthy patients with chronic periodontitis were selected for this study. The quadrants were randomly allocated in a split‐mouth design to either combined Er:YAG (160 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz) and Nd:YAG laser (100 mJ/pulse, 20 Hz) therapy (test group) or scaling and root planing alone (control group). At baseline, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing (%), were recorded and gingival crevicular fluid and subgingival plaque samples were taken. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitative analysis of red complex bacteria was performed using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction.
Results
The clinical parameters had significantly improved for both groups after treatment. There were statistically significant differences in probing depth and clinical attachment level between the test and control groups only for deep pockets (≥7 mm) (P<.05). No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the biochemical and microbiological parameters at any time points (P>.05).
Conclusions
The present study suggests that a combined course of Er:YAG and Nd:YAG laser therapy may be beneficial particularly in inaccessible areas such as deep pockets on a short‐term basis. Further, well‐designed studies are required to assess the effectiveness of the combination of these lasers.
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CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Ticks are obligate hematophagous ectoparasites as well as mechanical and biological vectors of a wide variety of microbial pathogens. To date, 19 tick-borne diseases have been reported from Turkey. ...In this study, ticks collected from Aydın, İzmir and Şanlıurfa provinces of Turkey were identified using morphological and molecular methods. After the presence of bacterial DNA was checked,
Rickettsia
spp. and
Francisella tularensis
were investigated in bacterial DNA-positive tick specimens by PCR. Furthermore, amplicons belonging to tick specimens and positive bacterial samples were sequenced and processed for BLAST, alignment and phylogenetic analysis. As a result, seven tick species were identified:
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
,
Rh. bursa
,
Rh. turanicus
,
Hyalomma marginatum
,
Hy. aegyptium
,
Hy. anatolicum
and
Haemaphysalis erinacei
. Fifty-five tick specimens tested positive for bacterial DNA and among them, rickettsial DNA was found in five ticks (infection rate = 9.1%) belonging to
Hy. marginatum
,
Hy. aegyptium
,
Rh. bursa
and
Rh. turanicus
. Of the five
Rickettsia-
positive ticks, three contained
Rickettsia aeschlimannii
, one
Ri. massiliae
and one an unidentified
Rickettsia
sp. No
Francisella tularensis
DNA was detected. Sequence analysis of the
ompB
gene indicated two novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in two different
Ri. aeschlimannii
strains and two novel SNPs as well as a novel insertion (GACGGT) were found in
Rickettsia
sp
.
This study indicated the presence of polymorphic
Rickettsia
species in ticks from Turkey.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A relatively new method of polymerization, ‘modified seeded polymerization’ has been used for the synthesis of monodisperse nanoporous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and ...poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) beads. The synthesized polymer beads were then functionalized with N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMDG) to obtain boron selective resins. The efficiency of these particles for boron removal from geothermal water was investigated by using the hybrid process coupling sorption with ultrafiltration (UF) method where a submerged hollow fiber type UF membrane module was employed for filtration. It was possible to reduce the boron concentration from 11.0mg/L to ≤1mg/L in 20min with hybrid method using poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate)-NMDG beads with 4g-resin/L-geothermal water. The respective period for poly(vinylbenzyl chloride-co-divinylbenzene) beads with the same resin dosage was 30min. In the case of commercially available boron selective ion exchange resin Dowex-XUS 43594.00 ground to an average particle size of 20μm, the target boron concentration which is ≤1mg/L was reached in 20min by using 2g-resin/L-geothermal water.
•Application of novel polymer resins in sorption–ultrafiltration hybrid process.•Boron removal from geothermal water by monodisperse nanoporous resin beads.•Monodisperse porous chelating resins exhibited a good performance for boron sorption.•Product water agreed well with irrigation water standards for boron.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background
Olfactory function deteriorates in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on olfactory function has not been ...investigated before. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of PAP therapy on olfactory impairment in patients with OSAS.
Methods
Thirty patients who had OSAS and planned for PAP therapy were included in the study. All participants underwent a detailed otorhinolaryngological examination and polysomnography. The “Sniffin’ Sticks” test was used for the analysis of olfactory function. The participants underwent the smell test before the PAP therapy, and about 3 months after the therapy. Pretreatment and posttreatment results were compared.
Results
The pretreatment and the posttreatment apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) were 57.6 ± 29.8/hour and 9.5 ± 7.9/hour, respectively. Odor threshold (OT), odor discrimination (OD), odor identification (OI), and threshold‐discrimination‐identification (TDI) scores significantly increased after PAP therapy (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The pretreatment and posttreatment total TDI scores were 28.48 ± 4.71 and 32.50 ± 3.88, respectively (p = 0.001).
Conclusion
This study demonstrates olfactory dysfunction in patients with OSAS. We achieved a significant improvement in olfactory function of patients with OSAS after PAP therapy. Further studies are needed to illuminate the pathogenesis of olfactory dysfunction in OSAS, and the role of PAP therapy on olfactory improvement.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study evaluated four root repair materials for cytotoxicity and cell attachment in vitro. Cell viability was determined at 24 hr, 3 days and 7 days by using a ...2,3‐bis‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐nitro‐5‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium‐5‐carboxanilide (XTT) assay with material extracts. Cell adhesion was examined with a scanning electron microscope on the surface of materials at 24 and 48 hr. Angelus MTA displayed the lowest cell viabilities at all‐day incubations. Endocem had high biocompatibility on the first day. After culturing for 3 days and 7 days, the cell viabilities of Biodentine, Endocem and MM‐MTA had similar results, and their cell viability was significantly higher than that of Angelus. No definite relation was found between the incubation time and the relative cell viability in any group. In scanning electron micrographs, the cells were attached to the material surface for all materials, although the cells in the Biodentine group were attached better than the other groups on the second day. Cell viability and cell attachment was lower in the Angelus group. Endocem, Biodentine and MM‐MTA were similar in biocompatibility and cytotoxicity.
Root repair materials have been closely related in vital tissues and biocompatibility and cell attachment is necessary for them. Results of the present study show the direction to clinicians for chosing the right one.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A sensitive, rapid, and simple high‐performance liquid chromatography with UV detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven phthalic acid esters (dimethyl phthalate, ...dipropyl phthalate, di‐n‐butyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, dicyclohexyl phthalate, di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, and di‐n‐octyl phthalate) in several kinds of beverage samples. Ultrasound and vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method was used. The separation was performed using an Intersil ODS‐3 column (C₁₈, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) and a gradient elution with a mobile phase consisting of MeOH/ACN (50:50) and 0.2 M KH₂PO₄ buffer. Analytes were detected by a UV detector at 230 nm. The developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, repeatability, accuracy, and recovery. Calibration equations and correlation coefficients (> 0.99) were calculated by least squares method with weighting factor. The limit of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.019–0.208 and 0.072–0.483 μg/L. The repeatability and intermediate precision were determined in terms of relative standard deviation to be within 0.03–3.93 and 0.02–4.74%, respectively. The accuracy was found to be in the range of –14.55 to 15.57% in terms of relative error. Seventeen different beverage samples in plastic bottles were successfully analyzed, and ten of them were found to be contaminated by different phthalic acid esters.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
The aim of this study is to investigate the potential association of neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) between primary patency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in hemodialysis ...arteriovenous fistula stenosis and type (Conventional and Drug-Eluting) of balloons used in PTA.
Material-Method
This retrospective study consists of 78 patients with significant arteriovenous fistulas stenosis who were treated with PTA by using Drug-Eluting Balloon (DEB) (
n
= 29) or Conventional Balloon (CB) (
n
= 49). NLR was calculated from preinterventional blood samples. All patients were classified into two groups. Group A; primary patency <12 months (43/78), Group B; primary patency ≥12 months (35/78). Cox regression analysis and Kaplan–Meier method were used to determine respectively independent factors affecting the primary patency and to compare the primary patency for the two balloon types.
Results
NLR ratio and balloon type of the two groups were significantly different (
p
= 0.002,
p
= 0.010). The cut-off value of NLR was 3.18 for determination of primary patency, with sensitivity of 81.4 % and specificity of 51.4 %. Primary patency rates between PTA with DEB and CB displayed statistically significant differences (
p
< 0.05). The cut-off value was 3.28 for determination of 12-month primary patency with the conventional balloon group; sensitivity was 81.8 % and specificity was 81.3 %. There was no statistical relation between NLR levels and the drug-eluting balloon group in 12-month primary patency (
p
= 0.927).
Conclusion
Increased level of NLR may be a risk factor in the development of early AVF restenosis after successful PTA. Preferring Drug-Eluting Balloon at an increased level of NLR can be beneficial to prolong patency.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Periostin, an extracellular matrix protein functioning as an important structural mediator and adhesion molecule, has been shown to be an important regulator of connective tissue integrity. This ...study aimed to evaluate the levels of periostin in chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) compared to non-periodontitis (NP). Individuals were submitted to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva sampling. Periodontal examination consisted of plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) measurements. Assays for periostin were performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Periodontitis patients presented more severe clinical indices compared to the NP group (
p
< 0.001). The mean GCF level of periostin was lowest in the AgP group as compared to the other groups and was lower in the CP group as compared to the NP group (
p
< 0.001). Increased levels of periostin were observed in the saliva of patients with AgP as compared to the CP and NP groups (
p
< 0.05). There was a negative relationship between GCF periostin levels and clinical parameters (
p
< 0.01), whereas a positive correlation was observed between salivary periostin levels and full-mouth GI and CAL scores (
p
< 0.01). To our knowledge, this is the first report investigating periostin levels in GCF and saliva in aggressive periodontitis. The results suggest that subjects with CP and AgP exhibit a different periostin profile. Periostin in GCF may have a protective role against periodontal disease. Furthermore, salivary periostin concentrations may have a promising diagnostic potential for the aggressive forms of periodontal disease.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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