A total of 29 fungal species were isolated from different ecological habitats of Jammu region and screened for cellulase and xylanase production. The potent fungal species were identified as ...Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus terreus, Ramichloridium apiculatum, Fusarium pallidoroseum and were compared with the commercially available strains. Out of these, A. flavus and A. terreus exhibit significant cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities on alkali pretreated wheat straw. R. apiculatum was first time reported for cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities in the present study. The maximum xylanolytic activity was shown by A. flavus ITCC 11854.23 as 4.68 U/ml when utilizing alkali treated rice straw. In this investigation, the enzymatic activities of the isolated strains outperformed the commercial strains. This study provides a baseline to extract enzymes from these potential fungal species on utilizing low-cost substrates to make the industrial processes more economic and sustainable.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ
In this manuscript, the innovative design of a hybrid system is investigated for distilled water and hot water production using the heat pipe-equipped vacuum tube collector system assimilated with ...solar still (HTP-ETCS-SS). The proposed hybrid system is compared with traditional solar still (SS) in context of energy, exergy and financial analysis with two different depths, i.e., 40%, and 60%, and varying flow rate (4, 8, and 12 LPH). The results show a rise in distilled water productivity by 152.9%, 108%, and 51.9% with 40% depth and 162%, 152.5%, and 92.3% with 60% depth with a varying flow rate of 4, 8, and 12 LPH, respectively, in contrast to traditional solar still. The improvement in energy and exergy efficiency for distilled water output is gained between 40–22.2% and 0.7–4.1%, respectively, with the designed system. However, the system's energy and exergy efficiency lie between 64.8–42.4% and 28.4–16.4%, respectively, for both distilled water and hot water productivity. The 8 LPH flow rate is found optimum in terms of distilled productivity and hot water production. The designed system's distilled water and hot water unit costs are 0.1037$ and 0.0276$, respectively.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A new issue resulting from shifting dietary preferences is effluent from slaughterhouses. Because non-point sources produce the majority of the wastewater from slaughterhouses, treating it is a ...laborious operation. In this study,
Chlorella vulgaris
(
C. vulgaris
) was chosen to sequestrate nutrients from slaughterhouses wastewater (at a concentration of 50%) for the removal of pollutants, the generation of lipids, and to enhance the processing of freshwater footprints. The maximum biomass was found 390 mg L
−1
. Algal growth kinetic investigations backed the Logistic model, which demonstrated greater fitness in predicting a number of important parameters than the modified Gompertz model. Additionally,
C. vulgaris
is effective at removing pollutant load (32–77% COD and 32–75% BOD) as well as nutrients (33–82% nitrate and 29–78% phosphate). An increasing opportunity for sustainable biofuels is shown by the lipid output (30.7%) throughout the algae culture phase. The first-order model was also useful in figuring out the pollution removal process rate constant. The slaughterhouse wastewater is the good substitute for nutrients removal as well as the production of lipid via reducing the freshwater footprint.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Earlier investigations on biological methods of wastewater treatment have revealed that algal based wastewater treatment could be a green, cost effective and efficient approach for the removal of ...heavy metals. So, this study aimed to assess the potential of microalga
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
for remediation of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni) from varying concentration (25%, 50%, 75 and 100%) of wastewater collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant. Heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Ni have been removed significantly from the wastewater, with percentage removal ranging from 73%, 60%, 75%, 66%, 87%, 83%, and 74% with 50% test solution, 57%, 59%, 70%, 56%, 72%, 66%, and 62% with 75% test solution, and 47%, 55%, 56%, 71%, 61%, 77%, and 72% with 100% test solution respectively. Studies on biochemical assay (protein, carbohydrate, and pigment) of
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
were also an important part of the present investigation to understand the interaction of heavy metals with algal biochemical compounds using Pearson correlation co-efficient. Biomass grown in CETP wastewater can be used for synthesis of various fruitful value-added end products like bio-diesel, pharmaceutical products, cosmetic products, bio-adsorbent etc.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Most of the Indian rural area is electrified now, but the gap between supply and demand is much greater and increasing due to rapid industrial growth and increase in rural as well as urban living ...standards. That cause the extra burden on power grid. In order to reduce the burden on the national grid, India is moving fast towards distributed generation, and various studies show that renewable-based micro-grid is a preeminent alternative for decentralized energy generation. Most of the Indian population live in rural areas with access to wide varieties of alternative energy sources (wind, solar, hydro, biomass, etc.). Therefore, to reduce the dependency on heavily loaded power grid, a hybrid renewable energy system is required by utilizing the locally available sources, which incorporates more than one source of energy by combining the benefits and strength of one source to complement each other. This paper proposed a PV-Biomass-Grid-based optimal micro-grid system, based on locally available resources in Kashmir region of Jammu and Kashmir, India. In the proposed micro-grid, load is served on the basis of priorities to employ minimum burden on the grid and increase the use of renewable resources. The overall goal of the study is to minimize the cost of energy and maximize the energy output from hybrid renewable energy system. Extra electricity generated beyond the load demand would be supplied to grid. In this way, system energy cost is reduced with improvement in electrical system and reducing the environmental impact.
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Increasing concern towards climate change and water conservation has attracted wide attention of researchers to explore the biological carbon fixation and wastewater treatment by using microalgae. ...Algal biomass can be harvested in an integrated system provided with carbon dioxide from power plants and wastewater released from industrial and domestic sector. In this way simultaneous potential of microalgae can be utilized for simultaneous fixation of CO
2
and wastewater treatment. This article present a critical review focusing on challenges in algal biomass production technologies and how to achieve algal biofuel production in an integrated system of CO
2
fixation and wastewater treatment by suitable microalgal species. In view of these objectives, this article provides a comprehensive narration about the following: (a) perspectives of carbon uptake by algal biomass; (b) industrial emissions as a CO
2
supplement for algal cultivation; (c) water foot print for algal cultivation; and (d) genomics for improvement of algal biofuel production. This review found that technical feasibility, economic viability, and resource sustainability are the key steps for algal biofuel production that can be achieved through flue gas and wastewater nexus in algal cultivation. It also provides salient features of algae-nutrient-wastewater-flue gas dynamics to measure the influences of flue gas and wastewater on algal biomass productivity.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the present work, the potential adsorptive behavior of algal cells (
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
) for decolorization of dye industry wastewater has been studied in the form of free algal cells (FAC) ...and immobilized algal cells (IAC). Effect of concentrations of real dye industry wastewater (50 and 100%), temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C) at controlled pH, and equal amount of algal cells (2 g mL
−1
) have been studied. Adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) with kinetic and thermodynamic equations were applied to experimental data; 52–87% of decolorization was noticed with both algal cells and concentrations at room temperature. But, maximum (98%) decolorization was obtained at 50 °C with immobilized form of algal cell. Results were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich equations at different temperatures and were found to be more significant (
R
2
= 0.99) with Langmuir isotherm for adsorption with IAC. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was also found significant (
R
2
= 0.90) to explain the kinetics of adsorption more efficiently. Endothermic nature reaction has been in adsorption process and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) also have been calculated. It has been concluded from the results that adsorption of the dye in wastewater that follows a pseudo-second-order kinetics provides a low-cost approach solution for treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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