This experimental study was framed with an objective to optimize the nutrients ((dairy industry wastewater (DIWW), nitrate (NO
3
−
), and phosphate (PO
4
−3
)) using response surface methodology ...(RSM) with
Chlorella
to investigate biomass and lipid with FAME content. Quality of obtained bio-oil was also indexed on scale of fuel quality parameters. Three variables were tested with 20 interactions between these variables, and their affects were statistically studied using central composite design. Biomass and lipid concentration with FAME content varied between 0.59 to 1.54 g L
−1
, 19.81 to 34.54%, and 69.32 to 82.78%, respectively, for different combinations of operating variables. Interactive effects of combined nutrients were also studied in combination, and the best biomass and lipid productivity was noticed with NO
3
−
+ PO
4
−3
in comparison to others, whereas the best FAME content (85.23%) was observed with DIWW + NO
3
. FTIR analysis showed variation in the spectra with different selected combinations with 1.7-fold increase in the lipid content in respect to control. Qualitative assessment of parameters ranges in between 0.74 and 1.01 mg KOH/g for acid value (AV), 152.34–187.24 mg KOH/g for saponification value (SV), 135.39–143.95-mg I
2
/100 g oil for iodine value (IN), whereas cetane value (CN) was found in between 43.06 and 50.31 and higher heating values (HHVs)) almost 45 MJ kg
−1
. Crude bio-oil’s quality was compared with the fuel quality index (FQI), where S
4
quality sample (59.12) was found significantly compatible with the commercial biodiesel.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
► PCM encapsulated with HDPE panel based thermal energy storage system was designed and studied experimentally. ► The results of TMS system have shown good potential for space cooling applications. ► ...Different heat loads were used for actual performance study of PCM based TMS system.
In the present work, the thermal management system (TMS) for cool energy storage has been designed and studied experimentally. A prototype test room was designed to investigate the performance study of the thermal management system (TMS) with different operation conditions to maintain the temperature in under comfort range. The room air temperature, ambient temperature and PCM temperature at different locations were measured continuously. The TMS has sixty PCMs based high density polyethylene panels. The experimental room temperature was maintained between 22 and 24°C during the cool energy storage in TMS. The different heat loads were used to know the real performance of TMS system for maintaining the experimental room temperature. The results of the study showed that there is a significant variation in the time duration to exceed the thermal comfort temperature with different heat loads. The experimental room temperature was maintained at 9h, 3:30h and 2:30h in the presence of thermal management system with different heat loads. In other words, the temperature profile of the test room with room heater of 1kW is found to be longest when it is used in the presence of TMS, while it is found to be the shortest in the case of 3kW room heater without TMS. Thus it can be concluded that the TMS can maintain the room air temperature for long time even with an active heating load and hence, the TMS used in this study is a good alternative for both passive and active building space conditioning applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Hemitruncus arteriosus, anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the aorta, is a rare congenital heart disease frequently accompanied by other cardiovascular anomalies. In this case report, we ...present an exceedingly rare case of hemitruncus arteriosus in an 18-year-old male patient presenting with cyanosis and chest pain. Echocardiography raised a suspicion for aorto-pulmonary window; this was confirmed on cardiac computed tomography angiography.
A magnetic resonance imaging study was performed for functional assessment. The resulting diagnosis was hemitruncus arteriosus with aberrant origin of the right coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery and unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. KCI Citation Count: 0
In this study, the influence of solar inclination angles on biomass growth and the biomolecule profile of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were analyzed in the vertical flat–panel ...photobioreactor (FPPBR). The growth of C. pyrenoidosa was analyzed at three different solar inclination angles (32.9°, 47.9°, and 90°) in a natural open environment with BG-11 medium and poultry excreta leachate (PEL). The maximum yield of biomass was obtained at 2.40 g/L with PEL and 1.45 g/L with BG-11 medium at a solar inclination angle of 47.9°. The biomass yield with PEL and BG-11 was 5.09–10.26%, 3.94–5.72%, respectively, while biomass productivity with PEL and BG-11 was 5.27–10.63%, 4.06–5.90% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to 32.9°. The average temperature and radiation of FPPBR were recorded ≈3.90 ± 0.40% and ≈17.28 ± 2.23% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to a solar inclination angle of 32.9°. The inclined radiation was acquired the maximum area of FPPBR. Results indicated that solar inclination angles enhanced the productivity of algae in FPPBR.
Nanobiotechnology is increasing at a very fast rate due to its various industrial applications in the textile, biomedical, food, pharmaceutical, and paint industries. The green synthesis of copper ...nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of cinnamon zeylanicum has been documented in our present research work. The green synthesis of Cu NPs is a very simple, fast, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method. In this work, we use an aqueous environment for the green synthesis of copper nanoparticle(Cu NPs). The aqueous environment plays a very important role in decreasing reaction time, reducing the minimum possibilities of side reactions, and proper conversion of precursors into good quality CuNPs in very less time. The existence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids was confirmed by the phytochemical analysis of the plant extract, and the presence of these chemicals can be used as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The Cu NPs were characterized by structural, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopic techniques. Powdered X-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of well-defined equispaced crystalline CUNPs. The average particle and crystalline size of CuNPs were found to be 66.16 ±1 nm and 77.54±1 nm respectively. The Surface plasmon resonance peaks were found at 233.67 and 252.2 nm, measured using UV-Visible spectroscopy, and the calculated band gap was found to be 3.5 e V at 288nm, indicating the semiconductor behavior of the CZ-CUNPs. The effective results of pharmacological activities of CuNPs due to the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids in the CZ bark extract. The green synthesis of CZ-CUNPs from an aqueous extract of cinnamon zeylanicum bark in the proper stoichiometric ratio is an excellent method for synthesizing highly effective bioactive agents which can be considered good drug candidates for various biomedical applications in the future for mankind.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder involving mutation of the dystrophin gene. Cardiac involvement in BMD is frequent and represents the foremost cause of mortality. Two ...male siblings with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and presence of deletion in the dystrophin gene underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, which revealed typical but varying imaging findings. The CMR revealed dilated left ventricle with severe global hypokinesis with preserved right ventricular (RV) function. Few patchy areas of septal edema were seen with typical epicardial enhancement along the LV lateral wall and the RV side of septum in one sibling. Both the siblings revealed an elevated myocardial native T1 values. CMR has the potential to detect cardiac involvement early by identifying and quantifying fibrosis, before wall motion abnormalities set in and determine prognosis in patients with muscular dystrophy and BMD carriers.
Jatropha curcas
and microalga
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
, two different biofuel feedstocks, are investigated in the present study for optimization of lipid production in the presence of zirconium ...tetrachloride (ZrCl
4
) as a novel quenching agent. Furthermore, the biofixation ability of
C. pyrenoidosa
for carbon dioxide was also determined in batch experimental studies. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of bio-oil extraction from selected feedstocks by varying the dose of the quenching agent (mg/g), extraction time (h), and temperature (°C). The optimized yield of bio-oil was obtained with 1.41 mg/g quenching agent, 60 °C temperature, and 1.5 h of reaction time. For
J. curcas
, optimized yield of bio-oil was 43.78% while 32.45% bio-oil yield was obtained with
C. pyrenoidosa
. Microalga showed highest biomass productivity (289.34 g L
−1
day
−1
) at 10% CO
2
concentration while maximum CO
2
sequestration (5.5 ± 0.07 g CO
2
L
−1
day
−1
) was observed at 20% CO
2
concentrations. Bio-oil obtained from both feedstocks was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which clearly shows peak at 1400–1700 cm
−1
that confirms the presence of carbonyl group (-COOR-). Thus, the present study provides a competitive analysis for the extraction of bio-oil which is an urgent need to enhance the process for economic sustainability.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Infiltrative cardiomyopathies are a wide spectrum of disorders characterized by deposition of abnormal substances in the myocardium. These have a varied etiology and can be idiopathic, familial, or ...secondary to systemic disorders. The infiltrative process primarily causes a diastolic dysfunction resulting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Common infiltrative cardiomyopathies encountered are cardiac amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, Fabry disease, iron overload cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis, and idiopathic restrictive cardiomyopathy. Early and accurate detection of cause of infiltration is very important to improve outcomes through disease-specific therapies. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) plays an important role in the diagnosis, avoiding the need of invasive endomyocardial biopsy in many cases. The use of postcontrast late gadolinium enhancement and T1 and T2 mapping sequences in CMR is improving diagnosis of infiltrative cardiomyopathy. In this review, we highlight the role of CMR in detection of different types of infiltrative cardiomyopathy.
Abstract
Background
: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Stress Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) using vasodilator agent is well established in ...assessing the functional significance of CAD. Adenosine is the preferred agent, but can have severe side effects including dyspnoea, chest pain, atrioventricular block or bronchospasm. The stress CMR examination is not routinely performed in many of the clinical imaging departments in India.
Objective
: The aim of this study was to establish safety of adenosine as a pharmacological stressor agent for CMR in a tertiary care radiology department in India.
Methods
: A review of all patients undergoing stress CMR in our institution from May 2018 to May 2019 was made. Records were reviewed to collect response parameters and documented adverse reactions.
Results
: A total of 1057 patients underwent stress CMR during this period. No death, myocardial infarction or atrio-ventricular block related complications were seen. Transient hypotension was seen in 20 patients (1.8’) with spontaneous recovery after stopping infusion. Chest pain and breathlessness severe enough to discontinue the scan were seen in 6 (0.5’) and 10 (0.9’) patients, respectively. All patients with breathlessness recovered on low flow oxygen therapy with three requiring bronchodilator. Out of six patients with chest pain, three had immediate relief with sublingual nitroglycerin, and three required hospital admission for unstable angina. Of the latter three, 1 underwent revascularization on the same day and other two later in the week.
Conclusion
: Stress CMR using adenosine in appropriately selected patients is a highly safe procedure with significant side effects seen in less than 1’ of patients. Therefore, it is safe to perform stress CMR studies in a fully equipped and well-trained radiology department in India.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Petroleum refineries are known to generate huge quantities of spent hydroprocessing catalysts as solid waste every year. Spent hydroprocessing catalysts contain significant quantities of different ...toxic metals, and are designated as hazardous. Besides environmental concerns, the metals (Ni, V, Mo, Co, etc.) present in the spent hydroprocessing catalysts are also a valuable commodity and thus effective and eco-friendly methods are required to recover them. In recent years, different hydrometallurgical processes have been developed to leach these metals from spent hydroprocessing catalysts in an effective manner. Among various methods, the use of different organic acids is gaining attention as a promising green leaching method for spent catalyst due to their effectiveness, selectivity, and biodegradable nature. In this article, the properties and mechanism of different organic acids in leaching of metals from the refinery-spent hydroprocessing catalysts are reviewed. The advantages of organic acids as compared to other hydrometallurgical processes are emphasized. The potential of each organic acid in the leaching of metals from the spent hydroprocessing catalyst is elaborated. The key techno-economic challenges (efficiency, process economy, and safety) associated with the use of organic acids as leaching agents are identified, and future perspective are elaborated. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that organic acid-based leaching might play a key role in the development of eco-friendly hydrometallurgical processes for the treatment of petroleum refinery spent hydroprocessing catalysts.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
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