In the present work, the potential adsorptive behavior of algal cells (
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
) for decolorization of dye industry wastewater has been studied in the form of free algal cells (FAC) ...and immobilized algal cells (IAC). Effect of concentrations of real dye industry wastewater (50 and 100%), temperatures (30, 40, 50, and 60 °C) at controlled pH, and equal amount of algal cells (2 g mL
−1
) have been studied. Adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich) with kinetic and thermodynamic equations were applied to experimental data; 52–87% of decolorization was noticed with both algal cells and concentrations at room temperature. But, maximum (98%) decolorization was obtained at 50 °C with immobilized form of algal cell. Results were analyzed by Langmuir and Freundlich equations at different temperatures and were found to be more significant (
R
2
= 0.99) with Langmuir isotherm for adsorption with IAC. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model was also found significant (
R
2
= 0.90) to explain the kinetics of adsorption more efficiently. Endothermic nature reaction has been in adsorption process and thermodynamic parameters (ΔG, ΔH, and ΔS) also have been calculated. It has been concluded from the results that adsorption of the dye in wastewater that follows a pseudo-second-order kinetics provides a low-cost approach solution for treatment.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This experimental study was framed with an objective to optimize the nutrients ((dairy industry wastewater (DIWW), nitrate (NO
3
−
), and phosphate (PO
4
−3
)) using response surface methodology ...(RSM) with
Chlorella
to investigate biomass and lipid with FAME content. Quality of obtained bio-oil was also indexed on scale of fuel quality parameters. Three variables were tested with 20 interactions between these variables, and their affects were statistically studied using central composite design. Biomass and lipid concentration with FAME content varied between 0.59 to 1.54 g L
−1
, 19.81 to 34.54%, and 69.32 to 82.78%, respectively, for different combinations of operating variables. Interactive effects of combined nutrients were also studied in combination, and the best biomass and lipid productivity was noticed with NO
3
−
+ PO
4
−3
in comparison to others, whereas the best FAME content (85.23%) was observed with DIWW + NO
3
. FTIR analysis showed variation in the spectra with different selected combinations with 1.7-fold increase in the lipid content in respect to control. Qualitative assessment of parameters ranges in between 0.74 and 1.01 mg KOH/g for acid value (AV), 152.34–187.24 mg KOH/g for saponification value (SV), 135.39–143.95-mg I
2
/100 g oil for iodine value (IN), whereas cetane value (CN) was found in between 43.06 and 50.31 and higher heating values (HHVs)) almost 45 MJ kg
−1
. Crude bio-oil’s quality was compared with the fuel quality index (FQI), where S
4
quality sample (59.12) was found significantly compatible with the commercial biodiesel.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the present study, influence of temperature and dairy industry waste water (DIWW) concentration on the growth of
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
has been done along with the thermodynamic analysis of ...different functions viz. change in enthalpy (∆
H
), change in entropy (∆
S
), free energy change (∆
G
), and activation energy (
E
a
) to study the impact on cell size distribution and morphological changes. Among the studied temperatures, higher biomass productivity was observed at 35 °C at 75% of DIWW. Thermodynamic analysis showed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of growth of
C. pyrenoidosa
. Experimental data have significantly proven the kinetic and thermodynamics functions with 35 °C temperature, ∆
H
(− 46.78 kJ mol
−1
), ∆
S
(− 0.10 kJ mol
−1
), ∆
G
(− 14.8 kJ mol
-1
), and
E
a
(49.28 kJ mol
−1
). At this temperature, size distribution showed maximum percentage (48%) cells were of 6540 nm, whereas the minimum percentage (3%) cells were of 2750 nm. SEM–EDX study revealed that increase in temperature leads to increase in roughness and elemental deposition of metal on cell surface.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
► PCM encapsulated with HDPE panel based thermal energy storage system was designed and studied experimentally. ► The results of TMS system have shown good potential for space cooling applications. ► ...Different heat loads were used for actual performance study of PCM based TMS system.
In the present work, the thermal management system (TMS) for cool energy storage has been designed and studied experimentally. A prototype test room was designed to investigate the performance study of the thermal management system (TMS) with different operation conditions to maintain the temperature in under comfort range. The room air temperature, ambient temperature and PCM temperature at different locations were measured continuously. The TMS has sixty PCMs based high density polyethylene panels. The experimental room temperature was maintained between 22 and 24°C during the cool energy storage in TMS. The different heat loads were used to know the real performance of TMS system for maintaining the experimental room temperature. The results of the study showed that there is a significant variation in the time duration to exceed the thermal comfort temperature with different heat loads. The experimental room temperature was maintained at 9h, 3:30h and 2:30h in the presence of thermal management system with different heat loads. In other words, the temperature profile of the test room with room heater of 1kW is found to be longest when it is used in the presence of TMS, while it is found to be the shortest in the case of 3kW room heater without TMS. Thus it can be concluded that the TMS can maintain the room air temperature for long time even with an active heating load and hence, the TMS used in this study is a good alternative for both passive and active building space conditioning applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Hemitruncus arteriosus, anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the aorta, is a rare congenital heart disease frequently accompanied by other cardiovascular anomalies. In this case report, we ...present an exceedingly rare case of hemitruncus arteriosus in an 18-year-old male patient presenting with cyanosis and chest pain. Echocardiography raised a suspicion for aorto-pulmonary window; this was confirmed on cardiac computed tomography angiography.
A magnetic resonance imaging study was performed for functional assessment. The resulting diagnosis was hemitruncus arteriosus with aberrant origin of the right coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery and unilateral absence of a pulmonary artery. KCI Citation Count: 0
Nanobiotechnology is increasing at a very fast rate due to its various industrial applications in the textile, biomedical, food, pharmaceutical, and paint industries. The green synthesis of copper ...nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of cinnamon zeylanicum has been documented in our present research work. The green synthesis of Cu NPs is a very simple, fast, efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective method. In this work, we use an aqueous environment for the green synthesis of copper nanoparticle(Cu NPs). The aqueous environment plays a very important role in decreasing reaction time, reducing the minimum possibilities of side reactions, and proper conversion of precursors into good quality CuNPs in very less time. The existence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids was confirmed by the phytochemical analysis of the plant extract, and the presence of these chemicals can be used as reducing, stabilizing, and capping agents. The Cu NPs were characterized by structural, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopic techniques. Powdered X-ray diffraction studies confirm the formation of well-defined equispaced crystalline CUNPs. The average particle and crystalline size of CuNPs were found to be 66.16 ±1 nm and 77.54±1 nm respectively. The Surface plasmon resonance peaks were found at 233.67 and 252.2 nm, measured using UV-Visible spectroscopy, and the calculated band gap was found to be 3.5 e V at 288nm, indicating the semiconductor behavior of the CZ-CUNPs. The effective results of pharmacological activities of CuNPs due to the presence of flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids in the CZ bark extract. The green synthesis of CZ-CUNPs from an aqueous extract of cinnamon zeylanicum bark in the proper stoichiometric ratio is an excellent method for synthesizing highly effective bioactive agents which can be considered good drug candidates for various biomedical applications in the future for mankind.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, the influence of solar inclination angles on biomass growth and the biomolecule profile of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (C. pyrenoidosa) were analyzed in the vertical flat–panel ...photobioreactor (FPPBR). The growth of C. pyrenoidosa was analyzed at three different solar inclination angles (32.9°, 47.9°, and 90°) in a natural open environment with BG-11 medium and poultry excreta leachate (PEL). The maximum yield of biomass was obtained at 2.40 g/L with PEL and 1.45 g/L with BG-11 medium at a solar inclination angle of 47.9°. The biomass yield with PEL and BG-11 was 5.09–10.26%, 3.94–5.72%, respectively, while biomass productivity with PEL and BG-11 was 5.27–10.63%, 4.06–5.90% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to 32.9°. The average temperature and radiation of FPPBR were recorded ≈3.90 ± 0.40% and ≈17.28 ± 2.23% higher at a solar inclination angle of 47.9° as compared to a solar inclination angle of 32.9°. The inclined radiation was acquired the maximum area of FPPBR. Results indicated that solar inclination angles enhanced the productivity of algae in FPPBR.
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is an X-linked recessive disorder involving mutation of the dystrophin gene. Cardiac involvement in BMD is frequent and represents the foremost cause of mortality. Two ...male siblings with severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and presence of deletion in the dystrophin gene underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, which revealed typical but varying imaging findings. The CMR revealed dilated left ventricle with severe global hypokinesis with preserved right ventricular (RV) function. Few patchy areas of septal edema were seen with typical epicardial enhancement along the LV lateral wall and the RV side of septum in one sibling. Both the siblings revealed an elevated myocardial native T1 values. CMR has the potential to detect cardiac involvement early by identifying and quantifying fibrosis, before wall motion abnormalities set in and determine prognosis in patients with muscular dystrophy and BMD carriers.
Jatropha curcas
and microalga
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
, two different biofuel feedstocks, are investigated in the present study for optimization of lipid production in the presence of zirconium ...tetrachloride (ZrCl
4
) as a novel quenching agent. Furthermore, the biofixation ability of
C. pyrenoidosa
for carbon dioxide was also determined in batch experimental studies. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied for optimization of bio-oil extraction from selected feedstocks by varying the dose of the quenching agent (mg/g), extraction time (h), and temperature (°C). The optimized yield of bio-oil was obtained with 1.41 mg/g quenching agent, 60 °C temperature, and 1.5 h of reaction time. For
J. curcas
, optimized yield of bio-oil was 43.78% while 32.45% bio-oil yield was obtained with
C. pyrenoidosa
. Microalga showed highest biomass productivity (289.34 g L
−1
day
−1
) at 10% CO
2
concentration while maximum CO
2
sequestration (5.5 ± 0.07 g CO
2
L
−1
day
−1
) was observed at 20% CO
2
concentrations. Bio-oil obtained from both feedstocks was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), which clearly shows peak at 1400–1700 cm
−1
that confirms the presence of carbonyl group (-COOR-). Thus, the present study provides a competitive analysis for the extraction of bio-oil which is an urgent need to enhance the process for economic sustainability.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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Biofuels can be produced from the organic material that can replace fossil fuels effectively to save environment. Various biofuels such as biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioethanol, biogas ...are common nowadays and being produced through respective production pathways. Production of different biofuels are dependent on enzymes either for pretreatment of feedstock or having vital role in synthesise process. The mode of action of these enzymes decides the process efficiency as well as the feasibility. Commercialization of biofuels from variable biomass has certain limitations related to enzymes involved. Proper understanding of mechanism of action provide solutions to the limitations and advancements. Application of genetic engineering approaches not only making the enzymatic process economic but also opening the avenues of advancements. The review mainly focused on current status of enzymes in biofuels production processes and related research and developments.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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