Pri zdravljenju bolnih novorojenčkov si zdravstveno osebje lahko pomaga z ocenjevalnimi lestvicami, ki omogočajo zgo-dnjo prepoznavo različnih bolezenskih stanj in vrednotenje otrokovega ...zdravstvenega stanja. Z redno uporabo ocenjevalnih lestvic v kliničnem okolju vplivamo na poenoteno oskrbo, preprečujemo kratkoročne in dolgoročne posledice bolezni ter ugodno vplivamo na kakovost zdravljenja in izid bolezni.
Industrial buildings play a major role in sustainable development, producing and expending a significant amount of resources, energy and waste. Due to product individualization and accelerating ...technological advances in manufacturing, industrial buildings strive for highly flexible building structures to accommodate constantly evolving production processes. However, common sustainability assessment tools do not respect flexibility metrics and manufacturing and building design processes run sequentially, neglecting discipline-specific interaction, leading to inflexible solutions. In integrated industrial building design (IIBD), incorporating manufacturing and building disciplines simultaneously, design teams are faced with the choice of multiple conflicting criteria and complex design decisions, opening up a huge design space. To address these issues, this paper presents a parametric design process for efficient design space exploration in IIBD. A state-of-the-art survey and multiple case study are conducted to define four novel flexibility metrics and to develop a unified design space, respecting both building and manufacturing requirements. Based on these results, a parametric design process for automated structural optimization and quantitative flexibility assessment is developed, guiding the decision-making process towards increased sustainability. The proposed framework is tested on a pilot-project of a food and hygiene production, evaluating the design space representation and validating the flexibility metrics. Results confirmed the efficiency of the process that an evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithm can be implemented in future research to enable multidisciplinary design optimization for flexible industrial building solutions.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Energy and resource efficiency as well as reduction of emissions are nowadays significant objectives for production companies. Industry 4.0, through extensive digitalization along the value chain, ...enables the achievement of these objectives not only in the construction of new facilities but also in existing facilities as well. This requires an interdisciplinary approach, extending over production and logistic processes as well as the building, technical building services, and energy supply systems, consolidated through integrated modeling and simulation-based optimization. The research question this study addresses is how to digitally couple these subsystems and optimize the overall system’s performance in terms of energy and resource efficiency, by distancing from silo-field thinking while using an integrated analysis approach. The article briefly presents a holistic modeling and simulation framework, utilizing modular digital twins (DTs) of all elements that may constitute a given industrial unit. The integration of multiple DTs of these subsystems in a hybrid (continuous and discrete) simulation forms a holistic DT ecosystem of an existing facility. The particular focus of the study is the building representation in this DT ecosystem for energy-efficient production. Based on a methodology including hybrid simulation, building information modeling (BIM), and visual programming, a semi-automated data acquisition workflow was proposed. The hybrid simulation is based on Discrete Event System Specification (DEVS) formalism, where the building is incorporated as a building energy model (BEM). Within the abstracted representation of the overall system, the article explores the possibilities of parametrizing the DT of the building, interconnected with the rest of the factory elements, by acquiring information directly from existing BIM models. Through a comparative case study, the proposed workflow is compared to a manual one in terms of integrity and benefits. The study’s contribution lies in:
1
) the detection of the required building level of abstraction for a holistic DT ecosystem,
2
) the definition of the interconnections between the building-related counterparts and the rest of the virtual environment as well as the data required for their parameterization, and
3
) proposing a semi-automated workflow
via
virtual programming, for BIM-based creation of the building model within a holistic DT ecosystem.
The construction industry is embracing digital technologies, particularly generative or algorithm-aided design principles. However, integrating these digital tools into design processes while ...ensuring compliance with rules and regulations remains a significant challenge. This study aims to address this challenge by identifying the essential design parameters and constraints required for semi-automated building model design in the early design stages, with a specific focus on a use case of modular multi-story housing in Vienna. To achieve this, we investigate which parameters are fundamental, how constraints must be formulated, and how these aspects can be covered effectively in the design process. Our research provides a parameter catalog in natural language format to be used for scripting algorithms to generate parametric models. We delineate crucial housing-specific design parameters and identify constraints derived from legal, technical, evaluative, and expert knowledge sources. These constraints ensure that the designs comply with regulations and standards. The findings are organized into eight thematic clusters, each detailing specific conditions, and their interdependencies, thus offering a guideline for scripting algorithm-aided design processes. In conclusion, we propose a conceptual model for translating natural language design parameters into visual programming language.
Timber construction is considered a main strategy towards a more sustainable built environment. Industrialized manufacturing methods have advanced the realization of multi-storey timber buildings ...generating enthusiasm about their implementation in urban areas, and the expectation of their further completion. These are still pilot projects, so there is a lack of specific literature and guidelines, including common understanding, standard procedures and holistic considerations. This paper aims to assess the current situation of design and construction processes of timber buildings in Austria, highlighting barriers and opportunities and formulating recommendations for its further adoption. The methodology used is based on an extended literature review and a qualitative analysis from expert interviews. Different disciplines were involved to approach the topic holistically. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and inductive coded within several iterative rounds. Excerpts were organized into codes, sub-codes and categories to identify and classify themes and patterns and build the case. The findings are structured into the categories of Acquisition, Design and Production and Assembly, and further identified as Barriers and Opportunities. Upon the analysis of results, a selective range of recommendations are formulated and summarized in a catalogue, serving as a guide for further research and actions to widespread the adoption of timber.
Circular economy in Architecture, Engineering, and Construction requires consideration in the design, deconstruction-planning, and waste management. This paper aims to develop a Framework to evaluate ...the material sustainability of buildings by comparing the proportionality of costs to environmental impacts of construction waste flows. Therefore, an extensive literature review was conducted to find parameters needed, such as building certification, life cycle assessment, or material passports. Next, a distillation process was conducted to reduce the large number of parameters found to be manageable. Following the applicable legislation, procedures to be carried out at different stages, from dismantling to recycling or treatment, were defined. Practical applications were derived, such as support for deconstruction management, resource management, and conclusions for planning. The final parameters were assigned to these processes. Due to a lack of data, data collection and public data provision are essential for applicability.
The aim of this work was to explore the application of sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes: photooxidation (UV/PMS/PS), sonooxidation (US/PMS/PS) and combined sono-photooxidation ...(US/UV/PMS/PS) for the mineralization of simulated dyehouse effluent (WW); using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) as oxidants. Experiments were performed in a reaction vessel of a defined geometry and axially positioned source of UV-C radiation, all placed in the ultrasonic bath (35 kHz). Mathematical model of the process was developed according to the proposed degradation scheme. Decomposition of dyestuff (C.I. Reactive Violet 2, RV2 and C.I. Reactive Blue 7, RB7), surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; hereafter: LAS) and auxiliary organic components was explored in three types of model wastewater: WW, simulated effluent excluding inorganic species (WW-IS) and model solution that consists of a specific compound (hereafter: compound model solutions). The influence of inorganic matrix (Cl−, CO32−/HCO3−) was studied due to the corresponding quenching affinity toward HO and SO4− radicals. The efficiency of applied processes was evaluated and the response to combined phenomena (cavitation and irradiation) was quantified as synergy index, fSyn. Sono-photooxidative treatment (US/UV/PMS/PS) of WW resulted in a partial mineralization and partial decolourization; approximately 40% of initial TOC and 30% of initial RB7 remained after 60 min of treatment, while RV2 and LAS molecule were completely decomposed. Circumstantially, the combined process increased the mineralization efficiency by a factor of 3 (fSyn = 3.026).
Display omitted
► Summarized reactions for sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes. ► Developed mathematical model. ► Explored decomposition of each pollutant in effluent. ► Determined role of inorganic scavengers. ► Quantified response to combined phenomena as synergy index (fSyn).
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Industrial buildings demand higher amount of energy than other building typologies, thus powerful modelling and simulation tools for energy-optimisation and identification of synergies-potentials ...between the building envelope, building services and production systems are needed.
Building Information Modelling (BIM), as emerging technology, bears promise to support processes integration thus enabling life-cycle management of buildings. BIM model serves as a joint knowledge database where data transfer between various models is possible; thereby enabling follow up studies, such as cost, thermal and structural analysis.
Adoption of BIM to BEM (building energy modelling) approach is particularly interesting for optimisation of industrial facilities. Multiple layers of interacting complex systems (building, services and machine floor layout) require careful modelling and control of geometry in terms of collisions, various adaptions due to the short product-life-cycles, as well as integrated energy performance analysis along interacting systems.
This paper explores the potentials and deficits of the modelling, analysis and optimisation of energy-efficient industrial buildings using BIM to BEM methodology, by means of case study research of two industrial facilities. Varying needs concerning the Level of Development and semantic differences in the modelling procedures of part-taking disciplines (architecture, structural engineering or analysis) were identified as problems; as well as time pressure as one of the main reasons for defects of building models. The identified deficits represent various types of uncertainties related to the integrated energy modelling, as BIM to BEM can be referred to. We conclude that as a first step of integrated modelling, an uncertainty-analysis should be carried out, and strategies how to deal with these developed. In order to minimise BIM to BEM uncertainties, not only interoperability issues of the software has to be improved (modelling uncertainty), but moreover, the redefinition of the design process and enhancement of individual capabilities is necessary (process uncertainty).
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Most industrial buildings have a very short lifespan due to frequently changing production processes. The load-bearing structure severely limits the flexibility of industrial buildings and is a major ...contributor to their costs, carbon footprint and waste. This paper presents a parametric optimization and decision support (POD) model framework that enables automated structural analysis and simultaneous calculation of life cycle cost (LCC), life cycle assessment (LCA), recycling potential and flexibility assessment. A method for integrating production planning into early structural design extends the framework to consider the impact of changing production processes on the footprint of building structures already at an early design stage. With the introduction of a novel grading system, design teams can quickly compare the performance of different building variants to improve decision making. The POD model framework is tested by means of a variant study on a pilot project from a food and hygiene production facility. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the framework for identifying potential economic and environmental savings, specifying alternative building materials, and finding low-impact industrial structures and enclosure variants. When comparing the examined building variants, significant differences in the LCC (63%), global warming potential (62%) and flexibility (55%) of the structural designs were identified. In future research, a multi-objective optimization algorithm will be implemented to automate the design search and thus improve the decision-making process.
PDF
