The paper reviews the possibility of obtaining all-season diesel fuel that can be effectively used in both Arctic and subtropical climates. The resulting fuel has a cetane number at the required ...level for summer diesel fuels of Euro 5 standard, a flash point of at least 62°C, and a pour point of less than –55°C without the use of a depressant-dispersant. The conducted research showed that none of the narrow fractions isolated from oil typical of refineries in the central part of the Russian Federation had the required properties, even taking into account the addition of ignition promoters. The improvement of the low-temperature properties due to cracking of n-alkanes during catalytic dewaxing leads to a significant decrease in the cetane number. Therefore, this paper considers the application of a diesel-fuel isodewaxing process on a platinum catalyst. This process makes it possible to improve significantly the low-temperature properties of the dewaxed product with a moderate decrease in its cetane number. The optimal conditions for the isodewaxing process were determined. The optimal feed for the unit was selected.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
An approach to the simulation of reciprocal space maps corresponding to the maps obtained experimentally by the triple crystal X-ray diffractometry (TXD) is proposed. A specific feature of the ...approach is the use of spectral angular distribution diagrams of X-ray radiation, which allows one to visualize the two-dimensional pattern of the spectral angular “composition” of an X-ray beam after its interaction with each element of the scheme and thus to take into account the contribution of the hardware function of the experimental setup. The algorithms developed allow calculations for a wide class of radiation sources (from an X‑ray tube with any material of the anode to a synchrotron radiation source) and X-ray optical elements (slits, X-ray mirrors of monochromators, and analyzers). The results of simulation are compared with the experimental data for dispersive diffraction geometry, which confirms the adequacy of the proposed approach and its applicability to the simulation of a diffraction pattern corresponding to a real experiment in the triple crystal scheme.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Introduction. The outbreaks of the Zaire ebolavirus (ZE) disease (ZED) that have arisen in the last decade determine the need to study the infection pathogenesis, the formation of specific immunity ...forming as well as the development of effective preventive and therapeutic means. All stages of fight against the ZED spread require the experimental infection in sensitive laboratory animals, which are rhesus monkeys in case of this disease .The aim of the study is to evaluate the rhesus monkey cellular immunity following the ZE experimental infection by the means of flow cytometry (cytofluorimetry).Material and methods. Male rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly infected by the dose of 15 LD50 (dose of the pathogen that causes 50% mortality of infected animals) of the ZE, the Zaire strain (ZEBOV). Levels of 18 peripheral blood lymphocyte populations of the animals before the ZE experimental infection and at the terminal stage of the disease were assessed using flow cytometry.Results and discussion. The certain changes in the levels of the lymphocyte populations were observed following infection, indicating simultaneous activation and suppression of the immune system during ZED. The increase in content was observed for T-lymphocytes, T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes expressing the corresponding markers of early activation. The decrease was recorded for T-lymphocytes and double-positive T-lymphocytes expressing corresponding markers of late activation, as well as natural killer cells expressing CD8 (p 0.05).Conclusion. For the first time in the Russian Federation, the rhesus monkey cellular immunity before and after the ZE experimental infection was assessed using flow cytometry.
Local deformations of the crystal lattice under ultrasonic loading over a wide range of amplitudes have been investigated by means of recording the X-ray rocking curves for paratellurite and lithium ...fluoride single crystals.
The possibility of controlled variation of the atomic crystal and electronic structures of a paratellurite crystal under the excitation of intense ultrasonic vibrations has been studied. The ...resonance diffraction of synchrotron radiation has been used for the first time for such a study. The effect of ultrasonic modulation implemented by means of an acoustic standing wave excited in a high-
Q
ТеО
2
resonator on the structure of the forbidden X-ray 100 reflection has been experimentally demonstrated.
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The autolocalization of electrons photoexcited by laser pulses with a wavelength of 525 nm in the visible range and with a duration of 150 fs in an electron-hole plasma (density ∼10
21
cm
−3
) in ...natural diamond at room temperature occurs unsteadily through step-by-step multiple (up to nine acts) emission of an optical phonon at subpicosecond times. This process is manifested for the probe photoluminescence signal in its fine periodic structure in the band gap beginning from the interband absorption edge. The intensity of multiphonon photoluminescence peaks reaches a maximum after four to six emission acts, where the energy of an electron-softened optical phonon is recovered and the broadening of peaks increases monotonically. Attributing the broadening of peaks to the kinetics of the emission of a successive phonon, one can compare their widths to the time dynamic scale of the electron-hole plasma and multiphonon emission during autolocalization. Then, the initial increase in the intensity of the peaks demonstrates the emission of phonons during autolocalization, whereas saturation and subsequent decrease are due to the subpicosecond Auger recombination of the plasma, which significantly suppresses photoluminescence because of the sharp decrease in the hole density (to 10
19
cm
−3
), but not the process of autolocalization itself.
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7.
European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Kovalchuk, M. V.; Blagov, A. E.
Crystallography reports,
10/2022, Volume:
67, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The review is devoted to the launching of the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL). The history of development and operation principles of classical lasers and X-ray free-electron lasers of long ...and short-wavelength ranges are briefly described. Particular attention is paid to the participation of Russia in the XFEL project and to the description of the research stations and scientific instruments; their experimental possibilities and the results of the first experiments on the new megafacility are discussed. Prospects of the urgent scientific studies initiated by the creation of one of the most ambitious scientific projects—European X-ray free-electron laser (the brightest light source in the world)—are also considered.
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The genus
Rutilus
is a widely distributed lineage of cyprinids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia. Although matrilineal phylogeny and phylogeography of western species were already studied, ...roaches from remaining part of the range were not examined. Phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome
b
sequences detected the following three major phylogenetic clades: (i)
R. frisii
, (ii)
R. rutilus
s. str., and (iii) group of six Ponto–Caspian taxa:
R. caspicus
,
R. heckelii
,
R. rutilus aralensis
,
R. rutilus lacustris
,
R. schelkovnikovi
, and
R. stoumboudae
. Our results suggest that these “species” within Ponto–Caspian clade could be a single species (
R. lacustris
by priority of description). The Ponto–Caspian clade is most widely distributed among others and covers the freshwaters from the Aegean Sea basin to Laptev Sea tributaries. Both
R. rutilus
s. str. and Ponto–Caspian clades sympatrically occur in Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins, Azov Sea itself, and even in drainage of White Sea. The vastest zone of contact (approximately 1700 km) was detected in the Volga basin. The spatial pattern of haplotype diversity and the shape of haplotype network argued for multiple refugia in Ponto–Caspian region as well as a rapid post-glacial colonization of Volga River and Siberia.
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The composition of lysozyme solutions in D
2
O under conditions favorable for the formation of tetragonal crystals has been investigated at different protein concentrations by small-angle X-ray ...scattering using the synchrotron radiation. In addition to lysozyme monomers, dimeric and octameric species are found in the crystallization solutions; the octamer content increases with an increase in the protein concentration. A comparison of the data with those obtained under similar conditions but with H
2
O used as a solvent has shown that the replacement of light water with heavy one leads to increase of octamer volume fraction in solution.
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The deformations arising in iron-doped lithium niobate crystals (LiNbO3:Fe) under laser illumination were registered by changes in the parameters of X-ray diffraction rocking curves. The ...piezoelectric deformation as a result of the bulk photovoltaic effect was separated from heating according to the different kinetics of these processes using a set of time-resolved X-ray diffraction techniques. The dependence of the peak shift on the diffraction order confirmed the manifestation of the bulk piezo-photovoltaic effect. Additionally, the measurements of an external electric field influence on the diffraction peaks parameters were carried out as well as the measurements of the electrophysical and bulk photovoltaic characteristics of the crystal.
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