This paper summarizes the results of experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) of plasma obtained at the axially symmetric magnetic mirror device gas dynamic trap (GDT) (Budker ...Institute, Novosibirsk). The main achievement is the demonstration of plasma discharges with extremely high temperatures of bulk electrons. According to the Thomson scattering measurements, the on-axis electron temperature averaged over several sequential shots is 660 ± 50 eV with peak values exceeding 900 eV in a few shots. This corresponds to an at least threefold increase as compared to previous experiments both at the GDT and at other comparable machines, thus demonstrating the maximum quasi-stationary (∼0.6 ms) electron temperature achieved in open traps. The breakthrough is made possible with the successful implementation of a sophisticated ECRH scheme in addition to standard heating by neutral beams (NBs). Another important result is the demonstration of the significantly increased lifetime of NB-driven fast particles with the application of ECRH, leading to a 30% higher plasma energy content at the end of the discharge. All available data including the previously demonstrated possibility of plasma confinement with β as high as 60%, allows us to consider fusion applications of axially symmetric magnetic mirror machines on a realistic basis.
Discrete optimization problem with fuzzy input parameters having the form of triangular fuzzy numbers is considered. Objective function is given by the sum of some subset of fuzzy input data. Crisp ...model with two criteria: objective function and its membership function is formulated. We propose an algorithm which constructs the Pareto set of this bi-criteria problem. We consider particular fuzzy discrete problems, such as scheduling problems, routing problems, problems of selecting a subset of elements, maximum matching problems, where the obtained results could be applied.
The experimental results of a study of the equivalent temperature of quartz crystals in the presence of a controlled linear gradient of the thermodynamic temperature are presented. Under conditions ...of non-uniform heating, the equivalent temperature of crystals was determined by measuring the frequencies of the eigenmodes of acoustic resonances on the basis of the preliminary calibration of the resonance frequencies under uniform heating. It is shown that the equivalent temperature determined in this way characterizes the average thermodynamic temperature of the crystal. Non-uniform heating of a crystal, including the use of laser radiation, was simulated.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The implementation of the competency-based approach in a multi-level education system has posed the problem of continuity of its levels. The search for common grounds in choosing the content and ...results of education has intensified. The scientific interest in the student's experience has grown, as the basic basis for the formation of competencies. Experience is an extremely general category in the scientific apparatus of many sciences, such as philosophy, sociology, psychology, pedagogy, and understanding of its essential properties determines the choice of the content of education. Increasingly, the experience of human behavior in a changing society is becoming the subject of research by educators. Educational standards for training specialists in the sociogenic sphere contain a capacious block of social competencies formed in the educational process at the meta-subject and subject levels. The difficulty of ensuring the systemic integrity of the content of education, which includes individual, disparate elements of activity reflected in the social competencies of a future specialist, determines the theoretical and experimental search for an effective educational construct that maximally covers the content of these competencies and the ways of its formation. The genesis of the concept of social interaction indicates the progressive movement of scientific ideas from a socially insignificant and little studied phenomenon to its dominant role in the formation and development of social reality. In most psychological and pedagogical concepts, experience is considered as a passive result of activity, which determines its static structure. The dynamic structure of the experience of social interaction is formed by the value-semantic, thought-activity and expressive-activity components. Subjectivity, co-existence, and reflexivity are proposed as the through lines of its enrichment for all levels of education. The results of the study can serve as a theoretical basis for designing the enrichment of the experience of social interaction of students at different levels of education.
This data article is related to the previous research, which addressed the development of a COVID-19 recombinant vaccine candidate. Here, we present the additional data in support of the safety and ...protective efficacy evaluation of two COVID-19 vaccine candidates based on the coronaviruses’ S protein fragments and a structurally modified plant virus – spherical particles. The effectiveness of the experimental vaccines was studied against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in an in vivo infection model in female Syrian hamsters. The body weight of vaccinated laboratory animals was monitored. The histological assessment data of the infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus hamsters’ lungs are provided.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We investigate the bicriteria discrete optimization problems in the context of the axiomatic approach reducing the Pareto set. The degree of the reduction with respect to values of the coefficient of ...compromise is evaluated for the special structures and general case of the Pareto set. We apply the results to the set covering problems and the vehicle routing problems.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We investigate discrete bicriteria problems and apply to them the axiomatic approach of the Pareto set reduction proposed by V. Noghin. Values of "quantum of information" parameter are identified, ...that guarantee the reduction of the Pareto set with special structures. We analyze the families of the bicriteria set covering instances in the scope of the Pareto set reduction.
A novel technique for measurements of optical properties of biological tissue samples is proposed. The scattered radiation pattern of the irradiated tissue was measured experimentally by changing the ...distance from the sample to the inlet of the integrating sphere. A Monte Carlo method was used for simulations of the radiation propagation in the sample. The optical properties of the aloe arborescens were determined via comparison of the simulation results to the experimentally measured angular dependence of the light power scattered and transmitted through the sample.
A new genus and species euselachian
Desinia radiata
Ivanov gen. et sp. nov. from the Middle and Upper Permian deposits of European part of Russia is described based on material included the numerous ...teeth and small fragment of skull with jaw cartilages, teeth and scales. The new taxon is closely related with the genus
Sphenacanthus
and attributed to the family Sphenacanthidae. The holotype of other euselachian
Xenosynechodus egloni
is redescribed.
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