Based on the obesity paradox, people with a normal body mass index (BMI) may have a higher risk of mortality than those with a BMI that falls within the obese range. Despite the availability of other ...anthropometric measures, obesity is commonly evaluated based on BMI. A body shape index (ABSI) and body roundness index (BRI) have recently been proposed as new anthropometric measures that are calculated with height, weight, and waist circumference. This study investigated the associations between the traditional and new body composition indices and arterial stiffness using the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Overall, 3512 individuals (1228 men and 2284 women) were enrolled and were divided into two groups according to BMI. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between baPWV and body composition. baPWV was significantly associated with ABSI (β = 0.087, p = 0.002), visceral adipose tissue (VAT; β = 0.081, p = 0.002), and the visceral/subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT/SAT) ratio (β = 0.108, p < 0.001) in non-obese men. In non-obese women, baPWV was significantly associated with several variables but not the VAT/SAT ratio. Similarly, baPWV was significantly associated with BMI (β = 0.103, p = 0.038), BRI (β = 0.104, p = 0.036), VAT (β = 0.167, p = 0.001), and the VAT/SAT ratio (β = 0.106, p = 0.028) in obese women. ABSI can be used with high accuracy to evaluate fat distribution in non-obese men to predict arterial stiffness. However, the BRI should be used in addition to BMI to assess the body composition of women more accurately. ABSI and the BRI can be used to identify predictors of vascular remodeling or organic vascular dysfunction.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of psychological distress and a fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on diabetes care in Japan. We used data from a 2020 nationwide Internet ...survey in Japan involving 28,000 respondents aged 15–79 years. The question items included psychological factors (Kessler psychological distress scale and fear of COVID-19), employment, trust in neighbors, informal caregiving, and history of diabetes care. After excluding respondents with comorbidities and those who had not visited the hospital, 625 patients with diabetes were analyzed. Statistical mediation was then examined through a path analysis using structural equation modeling (SEM). Discontinued diabetes care was independently associated with psychological distress (risk ratio = 1.44, 95% confidence interval 1.01–2.06) and a fear of COVID-19 (1.41 1.01–1.95). The SEM results indicated that a fear of COVID-19, employment, trust in neighbors, and informal caregiving were indirectly associated with continued diabetes care via psychological distress. These findings suggest that a fear of COVID-19 may affect psychological distress and continued diabetes care among patients with diabetes in Japan, and that trust in neighbors and family caregiving may be related to the discontinuation of diabetes care. Therefore, because psychological factors and socioeconomic status may affect diabetes care, it is important to consider a fear of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes to maintain diabetes treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We investigated the potential of mid-regional pro-adrenomedullin (MR-proADM) for use as a novel biomarker for arterial stiffness as the criterion for vascular failure and cardiometabolic disease ...(obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) compared with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Overall, 2169 individuals (702 men and 1467 women) were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association of MR-proADM and hsCRP with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), adjusting for other variables. The diagnostic performance (accuracy) of MR-proADM with regard to the index of vascular failure was tested with the help of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis in the models. MR-proADM was significantly higher in participants with vascular failure, as defined by baPWV and/or its risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome), than in control groups. Independent of cardiovascular risk factors (age, drinking, smoking, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, lipid and glycol metabolism), MR-proADM was significantly associated with baPWV, and MR-proADM showed higher areas under the curve of baPWV than hsCRP showed. MR-proADM is more suitable for the diagnosis of higher arterial stiffness as the criterion for vascular failure than hsCRP. Because vascular assessment is important to mitigate the most significant modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, MR-proADM may be useful as a novel biomarker on routine blood examination.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
Bone mass was recently reported to be related to skeletal muscle mass in humans, and a decrease in cortical bone is a risk factor for osteoporosis. Because circulating myostatin is a ...factor that primarily controls muscle metabolism, this study examined the role of myostatin in bone mass–skeletal muscle mass interactions.
Methods
The subjects were 375 middle-aged community residents with no history of osteoporosis or sarcopenia who participated in a health check-up. Cortical bone thickness and cancellous bone density were measured by ultrasonic bone densitometry in a health check-up survey. The subjects were divided into those with low cortical bone thickness (LCT) or low cancellous bone density (LBD) and those with normal values (NCT/NBD). Bone metabolism markers (TRACP-5b, etc.), skeletal muscle mass, serum myostatin levels, and lifestyle were then compared between the groups.
Results
The percentage of diabetic participants, TRACP-5b, and myostatin levels were significantly higher, and the frequency of physical activity, skeletal muscle mass, grip strength, and leg strength were significantly lower in the LCT group than in the NCT group. The odds ratio (OR) of high myostatin levels in the LCT group compared with the NCT group was significant (OR 2.17) even after adjusting for related factors. Between the low cancellous bone density (LBD) and normal cancellous bone density (NBD) groups, significant differences were observed in the same items as between the LCT and NCT groups, but no significant differences were observed in skeletal muscle mass and blood myostatin levels. The myostatin level was significantly negatively correlated with cortical bone thickness and skeletal muscle mass.
Conclusions
A decrease in cortical bone thickness was associated with a decrease in skeletal muscle mass accompanied by an increase in the blood myostatin level. Blood myostatin may regulate the bone–skeletal muscle relationship and serve as a surrogate marker of bone metabolism, potentially linking muscle mass to bone structure.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
An association between copeptin (precursor molecule of arginine vasopressin) and markers for renal function has been reported, but data on the Japanese population has been limited. In this study, we ...investigated whether elevated copeptin levels are associated with microalbuminuria and renal dysfunction in the general Japanese population. A total of 1,262 participants (842 female and 420 male) were enrolled. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the association of copeptin levels (logarithm) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) after adjusting for age, BMI, and lifestyle variables. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression methods in which chronic kidney disease (CKD) was the dependent variable. The copeptin levels differed significantly with sex, but were not found to be related to age or the span of time from preceding meal to blood sampling. In female participants, copeptin level was negatively correlated with eGFR (beta = –0.100, p-value = 0.006) and positively correlated with UACR (beta = 0.099, p-value = 0.003). In male participants, a negative correlation (beta = –0.140, p-value = 0.008) was observed for eGFR. In both females and males, those with high copeptin levels had more than double the ORs of CKD (OR = 2.1–2.9) adjusted for CKD-related factors. The present study found elevated copeptin levels to be associated with renal function loss in the Japanese population and microalbuminuria in female. Moreover, it was evident that high copeptin levels are associated with CKD. These results suggest that copeptin could be considered a marker of renal function.
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) reflected body composition, such as body mass index (BMI), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), ...subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), VAT/SAT ratio, body fat mass (BFM), and skeletal muscle mass (SMM). Methods: A total of 2244 individuals (727 men and 1517 women) were included in the study. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the combined influence of variables: age, daily alcohol consumption, Brinkman index, sleeping time, metabolic equivalents, anamnesis for hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and body composition of MR-proADM, by using a stepwise forward selection method. Results: MR-proADM was significantly related to all anthropometric indices (BMI, VAT, SAT, VAT/SAT ratio, BFM, and SMM) in men and women. On the basis of a stepwise forward selection method, VAT (men: beta = 0.184, p < 0.001, women: beta = 0.203, p < 0.001) and BFM (beta = 0.181, p < 0.001) in women, were found to be significantly associated with MR-proADM. Conclusion: This study suggests that plasma MR-proADM concentration is a more reliable indicator of VAT for fat distribution, and thus, MR-proADM may help better understand the obesity paradox. Changes in circulating levels of MR-proADM could possibly reflect changes in body composition, endocrine, and metabolic milieu.
The study aimed to investigate the association between daily consumption of coffee or green tea, with and without habitual bread consumption for breakfast, and components and prevalence of metabolic ...syndrome in Japanese populations.
The study population consisted of 3539 participants (1239 males and 2300 females). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations of daily coffee and green tea consumption with the prevalence of obesity, visceral obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
Coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower proportions of visceral obesity (OR: 0.746, CI: 0.588-0.947) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.706, CI: 0.565-0.882). On the other hand, green tea was not associated with visceral obesity (OR: 1.105, CI: 0.885-1.380) or metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.980, CI: 0.796-1.206). The combination of daily drinking coffee and eating bread at breakfast time was associated with significantly lower proportions of obesity (OR: 0.613, CI: 0.500-0.751) (
= 0.911 for interaction), visceral obesity (OR: 0.549, CI: 0.425-0.710) (
= 0.991 for interaction), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.586, CI: 0.464-0.741) (
= 0.792 for interaction).
Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower visceral adipose tissue and lower proportions of visceral obesity, but the same was not true for green tea consumption. Furthermore, in combination with coffee consumption, the addition of eating bread at breakfast time significantly lowered proportions of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome, although there was no interaction between coffee and bread.
Objectives
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak and the resulting state of emergency have restricted work environments, which may contribute to increased duration of sedentary behaviors. ...This study investigated the self‐reported sedentary time of Japanese workers during and after the first state of emergency (April 7 to May 25, 2020) and examined differences in sedentary time after starting work from home and according to job type.
Methods
We used cross‐sectional data from the Japan COVID‐19 and Society Internet Survey, a web‐based questionnaire survey conducted from August to September 2020 (n = 11,623; age range 15‐79 years; 63.6% male). Prolonged sedentary time was calculated by subtracting the sedentary time after the state of emergency (defined as the normal sedentary time) from that during the emergency, with adjustments using inverse probability weighting for being a respondent in an internet survey.
Results
An increase in sedentary time of at least 2 hours was reported by 12.8% of respondents who started working from home during the state of emergency, including 9.7% of salespersons and 7.7% of desk workers. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariate‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for a prolonged sedentary time ≥2 hours was significantly higher in respondents who started to work from home (OR: 2.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.78‐2.57), and certain job types (desk workers; OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.27‐1.91, salespersons; OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.64‐2.51).
Conclusions
Working from home and non‐physical work environments might be important predictors of prolonged sedentary time.
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CEKLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Eating speed has been implicated as a leading cause of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is difficult to break the habit of eating fast. Since coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk ...of MetS, we investigated the association between eating speed and the amount of coffee consumed with MetS.
This study included data from 3881 participants (2498 females and 1383 males). We used a self-administered questionnaire to collect information on participants' coffee consumption (<1 cup/day and ≥1 cup/day) and eating speed (slow, normal, or fast). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of MetS due to eating speed and the amount of coffee consumed.
The group that consumed ≥1 cup/day of coffee (filtered or instant) had a lower OR for MetS compared to the group that consumed <1 cup/day (OR: 0.695; 95% Cl: 0.570-0.847). The eating fast group, compared to the eating slow group, had a higher OR for MetS (OR: 1.689; 95% Cl: 1.227-2.324). When the data were stratified by coffee consumption and eating speed groups, the slow-eating group among those who consumed <1 cup/day of coffee (filtered or instant) had a lower OR for MetS (OR: 0.502; 95% CI: 0.296-0.851) compared to the fast-eating group. In contrast, the groups who consumed ≥1 cup/day of coffee were associated with lower OR for MetS, regardless of their eating speed.
This suggests that drinking ≥1 cup/day of coffee may help prevent MetS induced by eating fast.
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