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We extend the known Universal One-Loop Effective Action (UOLEA) by all operators which involve scalars and fermions, not including contributions arising from open covariant derivatives. Our ...generic analytic expressions for the one-loop Wilson coefficients of effective operators up to dimension six allow for an application of the UOLEA to a broader class of UV-complete models. We apply our generic results to various effective theories of supersymmetric models, where different supersymmetric particles are integrated out at a high mass scale.
Global fits of primary and secondary cosmic-ray (CR) fluxes measured by AMS-02 have great potential to study CR propagation models and search for exotic sources of antimatter such as annihilating ...dark matter (DM). Previous studies of AMS-02 antiprotons revealed a possible hint for a DM signal which, however, could be affected by systematic uncertainties. To test the robustness of such a DM signal, in this work we systematically study two important sources of uncertainties: the antiproton production cross sections needed to calculate the source spectra of secondary antiprotons and the potential correlations in the experimental data, so far not provided by the AMS-02 Collaboration. To investigate the impact of cross-section uncertainties we perform global fits of CR spectra including a covariance matrix determined from nuclear cross-section measurements. As an alternative approach, we perform a joint fit to both the CR and cross-section data. The two methods agree and show that cross-section uncertainties have a small effect on the CR fits and on the significance of a potential DM signal, which we find to be at the level of 3σ. Correlations in the data can have a much larger impact. To illustrate this effect, we determine possible benchmark models for the correlations in a data-driven method. The inclusion of correlations strongly improves the constraints on the propagation model and, furthermore, enhances the significance of the DM signal up to above 5σ. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of providing the covariance of the experimental data, which is needed to fully exploit their potential.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Abstract
Study Objectives
To examine the changes in mothers’ and fathers’ sleep satisfaction and sleep duration across prepregnancy, pregnancy, and the postpartum period of up to 6 years after birth; ...it also sought to determine potential protective and risk factors for sleep during that time.
Methods
Participants in a large population-representative panel study from Germany reported sleep satisfaction and sleep duration in yearly interviews. During the observation period (2008–2015), 2541 women and 2118 men reported the birth of their first, second, or third child and provided longitudinal data for analysis. Fixed-effects regression models were used to analyze changes in sleep associated with childbirth.
Results
Sleep satisfaction and duration sharply declined with childbirth and reached a nadir during the first 3 months postpartum, with women more strongly affected (sleep satisfaction reduction compared with prepregnancy: women, 1.81 points on a 0 to 10 scale, d = 0.79 vs. men, 0.37 points, d = 0.16; sleep duration reduction compared with prepregnancy: women, 62 min, d = 0.90 vs. men, 13 min, d = 0.19). In both women and men, sleep satisfaction and duration did not fully recover for up to 6 years after the birth of their first child. Breastfeeding was associated with a slight decrease in maternal sleep satisfaction (0.72 points, d = 0.32) and duration (14 min, d = 0.21). Parental age, household income, and dual vs. single parenting were unrelated, or only very weakly related, to improved sleep.
Conclusions
Following the sharp decline in sleep satisfaction and duration in the first months postpartum, neither mothers’ nor fathers’ sleep fully recovers to prepregnancy levels up to 6 years after the birth of their first child.
•Bottom-up radiation chemistry study reproduced observed radiolytic oxygen depletion (ROD) with high accuracy.•Dynamical nature of oxygen depletion and its impact on OER taken into account for the ...first time.•Negligible impact of ROD on radiosensitivity through transient hypoxia in conditions of reported experiments.•ROD impact on therapeutic window occurs eventually in opposite direction.
Recent observations in animal models show that ultra-high dose rate (“FLASH”) radiation treatment significantly reduces normal tissue toxicity maintaining an equivalent tumor control. The dependence of this “FLASH” effect on target oxygenation has led to the assumption that oxygen “depletion” could be its major driving force.
In a bottom-up approach starting from the chemical track evolution of 1 MeV electrons in oxygenated water simulated with the TRAX-CHEM Monte Carlo code, we determine the oxygen consumption and radiolytic reactive oxygen species production following a short radiation pulse. Based on these values, the effective dose weighted by oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) or the in vitro cell survival under dynamic oxygen pressure is calculated and compared to that of conventional exposures, at constant OER.
We find an excellent agreement of our Monte Carlo predictions with the experimental value for radiolytic oxygen removal from oxygenated water. However, the application of the present model to published radiobiological experiment conditions shows that oxygen depletion can only have a negligible impact on radiosensitivity through oxygen enhancement, especially at typical experimental oxygenations where a FLASH effect has been observed.
We show that the magnitude and dependence of the “oxygen depletion” hypothesis are not consistent with the observed biological effects of FLASH irradiation. While oxygenation plays an undoubted role in mediating the FLASH effect, we conclude that state-of-the-art radiation chemistry models do not support oxygen depletion and radiation-induced transient hypoxia as the main mechanism.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Current psychological theories on daily social interactions emphasize individual differences yet are underspecified regarding contextual factors. We aim to extend this research by examining how two ...context factors shape social interactions in daily life: how many relationships people maintain and how densely people live together. In Study 1, 307 German participants ( M age = 39.44 years, SD age = 14.14) answered up to 20 experience sampling questionnaires regarding their social interactions over 2 days. In Study 2, 313 German participants ( M age = 48.96 years, SD age = 15.54) summarized their daily interactions in daily diaries for 14 days. Participants reported on their social network size and the social density (i.e., household and neighborhood density) of their living situations. Mobile sensing provided additional measures of social interactions and network size. The results showed that participants living in densely populated households transitioned faster from solitude to social interactions but slower from social interactions to solitude. Participants living in dwellings with more homes also transitioned slower from solitude to social interactions. Contrary to the hypothesis, social network size was inconsistently linked with transitions from solitude to social interactions and vice versa. Furthermore, current social desires predicted subsequent social interactions within days, but not across days—irrespective of individuals’ social network size or social density. Together the results point out that people live their daily life in social contexts, which contribute to how they engage in social interactions. The findings thus call for a greater integration of contextual factors in personality theories of social interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved) (Source: journal abstract)
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
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Autoencoders are widely used in machine learning applications, in particular for anomaly detection. Hence, they have been introduced in high energy physics as a promising tool for ...model-independent new physics searches. We scrutinize the usage of autoencoders for unsupervised anomaly detection based on reconstruction loss to show their capabilities, but also their limitations. As a particle physics benchmark scenario, we study the tagging of top jet images in a background of QCD jet images. Although we reproduce the positive results from the literature, we show that the standard autoencoder setup cannot be considered as a model-independent anomaly tagger by inverting the task: due to the sparsity and the specific structure of the jet images, the autoencoder fails to tag QCD jets if it is trained on top jets even in a semi-supervised setup. Since the same autoencoder architecture can be a good tagger for a specific example of an anomaly and a bad tagger for a different example, we suggest improved performance measures for the task of model-independent anomaly detection. We also improve the capability of the autoencoder to learn non-trivial features of the jet images, such that it is able to achieve both top jet tagging and the inverse task of QCD jet tagging with the same setup. However, we want to stress that a truly model-independent and powerful autoencoder-based unsupervised jet tagger still needs to be developed.
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We study the cosmology and LHC phenomenology of a consistent strongly interacting dark sector coupled to Standard Model particles through a generic vector mediator. We lay out the ...requirements for the model to be cosmologically viable, identify annihilations into dark vector mesons as the dominant dark matter freeze-out process and discuss bounds from direct detection. At the LHC the model predicts dark showers, which can give rise to semi-visible jets or displaced vertices. Existing searches for di-jet resonances and for missing energy mostly probe the parameter regions where prompt decays are expected and constrain our model despite not being optimised for dark showers. We also estimate the sensitivity of dedicated analyses for semi-visible jets and emphasize the complementarity of different search strategies.
Longitudinal studies have documented improvements in parents' life satisfaction due to childbearing, followed by postpartum adaptation back to baseline. However, the details underlying this process ...remain largely unexplored. Based on past literature, set-point theory, and results from an exploratory sample, we investigated empirically how first childbirth affected satisfaction with specific domains of life. In a preregistered study, we compared parents with matched childless respondents in their trajectories of life satisfaction, and also satisfaction with family life, health, sleep, work, housework, leisure, dwelling, household income, and personal income. First-time parents and childless respondents were matched in a procedure combining exact and propensity score matching. Using the population-representative German SOEP data (N = 3,370), longitudinal multilevel models revealed heterogeneous effects of childbirth on different domains of satisfaction: Both mothers' and fathers' satisfaction with family life increased temporarily in a similar fashion to life satisfaction before going back to baseline within five years after childbirth. However, only mothers experienced drastic losses to satisfaction with sleep and satisfaction with personal income. For the remaining domains, parents' satisfaction largely resembled that of the matched childless respondents. These divergent domain trajectories underscore the need for multivariate analyses in life satisfaction research.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
To analyze the accuracy of relative biologic effectiveness (RBE) values for treatment planning in carbon ion radiotherapy based on the local effect model (LEM) and to discuss the implications on the ...clinically relevant depth dose profiles.
Predictions of the LEM are compared with a broad panel of experimental data in vitro and to the tolerance of the rat spinal cord in vivo. To improve the accuracy of the LEM, the description of track structure is modified by taking into account a velocity-dependent extension of the inner part of the track.
The original version of the LEM (LEM I) underestimates the therapeutic ratio of carbon ions (i.e., the ratio of RBE in the Bragg peak region as compared with the RBE in the entrance channel). Although significantly reduced, the cluster extension of the LEM (LEM II) still shows the same tendency. Implementation of the modified track structure (LEM III) almost completely compensates these systematic deviations, and predictions of RBE by LEM III for high and low energetic carbon ions show good agreement for a wide panel of different cell lines, as well as for the tolerance of the rat spinal cord. As a consequence, the expected RBE in the normal tissue surrounding the tumor becomes significantly lower than estimated with the LEM in its original version (LEM I).
The modified track structure description represents an empiric approach to improve the accuracy of the LEM for treatment planning. This will be particularly useful for further optimization of carbon ion therapy in general and with respect to comparison with other treatment modalities, such as protons or intensity-modulated radiotherapy.
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GEOZS, IJS, NUK, OILJ, UL, UM, UPUK
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