Litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems has a major role in the biogeochemical cycling of biogenic elements, but initial stages of this process in temperate forest ecosystems remain poorly ...understood. Soil organic matter in forest ecosystems is highly sensitive to temperature rise, which makes it the most vulnerable under global warming. This article assesses the influence of aspen leaf and twig litter on the activity and quantitative characteristics of microbial communities of soils in conditions modelling climate warming. The experiments were performed with samples of grey forest soil, one of the most representative soil types of Europian Russia, from forest biocenosis in the Moscow region. Incubation of soil samples, in which crushed leaves and twigs were added at the rate of 0.5% by weight, was carried out at constant temperature of 5°C, 15°C and 25°C for 28 days. CO₂ emission, organic carbon and microbial biomass content, and number of ribosomal genes of bacteria, archaea and fungi were evaluated. The optimal temperature for decomposition of the plant litter was found to be 15°C, and both decrease and increase led to a reduction in the intensity of the degradation process. In the temperature range 5°C–15°C, application of plant residues led to significant increase in temperature sensitivity of the soil respiration process, and temperature coefficient Q
10 increased from 1.75 to 3.44–3.54. At high temperatures, addition of litter stimulated the decomposition of soil organic matter. No significant changes in microbial biomass, bacteria and fungi numbers were observed. The obtained results contribute to understanding the dynamics of soil carbon and can be used in predictive models of plant litter and soil organic matter dynamics in forest biocenoses of Eurasia under climate change.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction. Medicines from the group of interferon inducers (IFNs) “swith on” the synthesis of type 1 interferons (IFN-I) and induce the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that regulate ...innate immunity reactions and protect the host from infectious agents and the tumour pathology.The purpose of the study was to determine the role of the drug celagrip (CA) in the activation of innate immunity genes and the effect on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with follicular lymphoma (FL). Objectives: to study the intensity of ROS production and the level of expression of the IFN-α2, IFN-λ1, ISG15, BCL2, P53(TP53) and USP18 genes in response to the treatment of blood cells of patients with FL with the preparation of CA.Material and methods. The study involved primary cancer patients diagnosed with follicular lymphoma (FL) and healthy volunteers. A kinetic analysis of the dynamics of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was performed in whose blood cells, and the expression of the group of genes was determined by real-time PCR in response to CA processing.Results and discussion. ROS production by blood cells of patients with FL and volunteers in the presence of CA significantly decreased (P 0.05). The level of gene expression of ISG15, P53(TR53) and USP 18 in the group of patients with FL was significantly higher than that in the group of volunteers. When treating blood cells with CA, it becomes possible to divide patients with FL into groups with a positive and negative response in accordance with the level of expression of the USP18 gene. We divided FL patients into groups with a positive and negative response in accordance with the level of USP18 gene expression after treatment of blood cells with CA.Conclusions. The CA drug reduces the production of ROS and simultaneously stimulates the activity of the innate immunity genes ISG15, P53(TP53) and USP18 in the blood cells of patients with FL.
To understand the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP), it is necessary to establish the molecular and cellular mechanisms of myocardial aging, including those associated with programmed ...cell death, the molecular mechanisms of which have not been extensively studied. The aim of this work is to study markers of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of patients with DCMP in vitro. We used the method of primary dissociated cell cultures and the method of immunofluorescence confocal laser microscopy. Cells of the 3rd and 14th passages, corresponding to “young” and “old” cultures, were used to simulate cellular senescence. At the molecular level, aging of cardiomyocyte cells was accompanied by a twofold increase in the expression of p16
INK4a
compared to “young” cultures, both in the control group and in the group with DCMP. It was also found that the expression of p16
INK4a
in cultures taken from patients with pathology was two times higher than in similar cultures from healthy patients. The expression of p21 was increased in the group with DCMP compared to the control; however, with aging of the culture, the expression of p21 did not change, remaining at a significant level. The most significant (3.2-fold) differences were obtained when comparing the expression of Bax in the cell culture of cardiomyocytes from the group with DCMP in the “young” culture compared with the control. Aging of myocardial cells at the molecular level was manifested in an increase in the expression of the Bax protein, which is the triggering mechanism of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. It is possible that this pathway of cell death is prevalent in DCMP.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The article highlights the peculiarities of the mathematical modelling for dynamic load of the bearing structure of a flat wagon by elastic-viscous interaction with tank containers. It was ...established that the presence of viscous or elastic-viscous connections between fittings and fitting stops, taking into account the possible movements of tank containers in relation to the frame, provides the dynamic load of the bearing structure of the flat wagon within normal range. The conducted researches will provide efficiency increase of combined transportations and develop recommendations for designing modern constructions of railway rolling stock.
The article presents the results of the dynamic loading and strength study of the fittings for containers of a flat wagon loaded with containers during shunting. It has been found that with impact ...interaction of corner castings with fittings, there are increased stresses, both in structural components of a flat wagon and in containers. To provide the strength of the fittings of a flat wagon and corner castings of containers, it has been proposed to install elastic-viscous linkage between them. This solution is implemented by installing elements having appropriate properties in the corner castings. Mathematical modeling has been performed to determine the dynamic loading of the flat wagon and containers. The obtained values of dynamic loads were taken into account when determining of the strength indexes. It has been established that, the maximum equivalent stresses in the fittings and corner castings are within acceptable parameters taking into account the proposed solutions. The studies will contribute to provide the strength of the structural components of flat cars and containers during shunting, to reduce the cost of their unscheduled repairs, as well as to create recommendations for design of rolling stock with improved technical and economic indexes.
Monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies in lymphomas therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: pro and contraThe review presents the results of a combined analysis of literature data and own clinical ...observations regarding the safety and feasibility of using monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies in the treatment of B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main points of the pathogenesis of the influence of monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies on the course of COVID-19 are described. The current trends in the modification of the accepted algorithms of lymphoproliferative diseases therapy with the inclusion of monoclonal anti-CD20 antibodies are summarized, and the possibilities of specific prevention by vaccination against COVID-19 are also considered.
Nitrogen-fixing bacterial strain, designated B2
, was isolated from methane-oxidation enrichment originating from a Sphagnum-dominated raised peatland in Tver region, Russia, and its phenotypic, ...chemotaxonomic and genomic characteristics were investigated. Cells of isolate were Gram-negative, aerobic, rod or spiral-shaped, with motility provided by a single polar flagellum in liquid media and peritrichous flagella on solid media. Strain was able to grow at 15-40 °C, pH 5.5-8.5 and tolerated NaCl to 2.0 % (w/v). Strain B2
gave positive amplification for dinitrogen reductase (nifH gene) and acetylene reduction activity was recorded up to 1250 nmol ethylene h
(mg protein)
. Analysis of 16S rRNA showed that B2
represents a member of the genus Azospirillum and had the highest sequence similarity with A. humicireducens SgZ-5
(97.92 %). The predominant quinone system was ubiquinone Q-10 and the major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω7, C16 : 1ω7 and C16 : 0. The strain was facultative methylotrophic and used methanol and formate for the growth. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 8.0 Mbp and a G+C content of 67.8 mol%. The mxaFI genes encoding methanol dehydrogenase were absent, but a homologous xoxF gene was detected. The genes encoding enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydromethanopterin (H4MPT) (formaldehyde oxidation) and NAD-linked formate dehydrogenase (fdsABG) were identified. Pairwise determined whole genome average nucleotide identity (gANI) values confirmed that strain B2
represents a novel species, for which we propose the name Azospirillum palustre sp. nov. with the type strain B2
(VKM B-3233
, КСТС 62613
).
Aim. To study the risk factors, symptoms and outcomes of candidemia caused by C. albicans and C. non - albicans in patients with hematological malignancies. Materials and methods. The study included ...patients with hematological malignancies and candidemia. The diagnosis of candidemia was established according to the single isolation of Candida spp. from blood culture and the presence of symptoms of infection. Results and discussion. Over 12 years (2006-2017), candidemia was diagnosed in 75 patients aged 17 to 77 years (median 48 years). The causative agents of candidemia were C. albicans in 34.7% of patients, C. non - albicans - in 65.3%. Candidemia caused by C. albicans prevailed in patients of the older age group (median 56.5 years, p=0.04) and in patients with lymphoma (61.5%, p=0.01) with colonization of the gut by the same species of Candida (88.5%, p=0.002). Isolation of C. non - albicans from blood culture was more common in patients with acute leukemia (51%, p=0.01) and in recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cells (22.5%, p=0.01). The ability to form biofilms was observed more frequently among C. non - albicans (59.2%) than C. albicans (19.2%, p=0.001). The clinical symptoms of candidemia were non - specific (fever was in 97%). Septic shock developed in 25 (33%) patients with comparable frequency in both groups. Concomitant infections was also comparable (73% vs. 73.5%). Overall 30-day survival in patients with candidemia caused by C. albicans and C. non - albicans was 61.2% and 61.5%. Treatment with echinocandin was associated with increase of survival compared to other antifungal agents among patients with C. albicans candidaemia (88.9% versus 40%, p=0.02) and among C. non - albicans (77.3% versus 47.8%). Conclusion. C. non - albicans constituted a high proportion among causative agents of candidemia. High mortality rate was observed in both groups. Initial therapy with echinocandin was associated with increase of survival.
A novel, aerobic nitrogen-fixing methylotrophic bacterium, strain 29k
, was enriched and isolated from sludge generated during wastewater treatment at a paper mill in Baikal, Russian Federation. ...Cells were Gram-stain-variable. The cell wall was of the negative Gram-type. Cells were curved oval rod-shaped, 0.5-0.7×1.7-3.4 µm and formed yellow-coloured colonies. Cells tended to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of methyl alcohol as the sole carbon source. Cells were non-motile, non-spore-forming and contained retractile (polyphosphate) and lipid (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) bodies. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 and the predominant cellular fatty acids were C
ω7, C
cyclo and C
. The genomic DNA G+C content was 67.95 mol%. Strain 29k
was able to grow at 4-37 °C (optimum, 30 °C), at pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.0) and at salinities of 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0% NaCl). Catalase and oxidase were positive. Strain 29k
could grow chemolithoautotrophically in mineral media under an atmosphere of H
, O
and CO
as well as chemoorganoheterotrophically on methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol and various organic acids. The carbohydrate utilization spectrum is limited by glucose and raffinose. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the newly isolated strain was a member of the genus
with
7c
(99.9% similarity) and
7d
(99.4 % similarity) as closest relatives among species with validly published names. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of 92.7 and 44.9%, respectively, of the 29k
to the genome of the most closely related species,
7c
, were below the species cutoffs. Based on genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, it is proposed that the isolate represents a novel species,
sp. nov. The type strain is 29k
(=KCTC 72777
=VKM B-3453
).
1 Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60-let Octyabrya 7/2, 117811 Moscow, Russia
2 Bioengineering Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
3 ...Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Correspondence Dimitry Yu. Sorokin soroc{at}inmi.host.ru
Strain MS 6 T was obtained from a microoxic enrichment with a soda soil sample from north-eastern Mongolia in nitrogen-free alkaline medium at pH 10. The isolate had clostridia-like motile cells and formed ellipsoid endospores. It was able to fix dinitrogen gas growing on nitrogen-free alkaline medium. Strain MS 6 T was a strictly fermentative bacterium without a respiratory chain, although it had a high catalase activity and tolerated aerobic conditions. It was an obligate alkaliphile with a pH range for growth between 7.5 and 10.6 (optimum at 9.0–9.5). Growth and nitrogen fixation at pH 10 were possible at a total salt content of up to 1.2 M Na + (optimum at 0.2–0.3 M). The dominant cellular fatty acids included C 16 : 0 , C 16 : 1 7, anteiso-C 15 : 0 and C 14 : 0 . The dominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified strain MS 6 T as a member of the genus Bacillus . Its closest relative was Bacillus arseniciselenatis E1H T . The key functional nitrogenase gene nifH was detected in both strain MS 6 T and its close relative and these strains formed a novel lineage in the nifH gene family. On the basis of these phenotypic and genetic comparisons, strain MS 6 T is proposed to represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus , Bacillus alkalidiazotrophicus sp. nov. with the type strain MS 6 T (=NCCB 100213 T =UNIQEM U377 T ).
Abbreviations: NF, nitrogen fixation
Supplementary figures showing the cell morphology of strain MS 6 T grown anaerobically at 0.6 M Na + and pH 10 with glucose and two additional phylogenetic trees are available with the online version of this paper.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA and nifH gene sequences for Bacillus alkalidiazotrophicus sp. nov. MS 6 T are EU143680 and EU204959 , respectively. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the nifH gene sequence of Bacillus arseniciselenatis E1H T determined in this study is EU204960 .
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