Modular neck femoral stems Krishnan, H; Krishnan, S P; Blunn, G ...
The bone & joint journal,
08/2013, Volume:
95-B, Issue:
8
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Following the recall of modular neck hip stems in July 2012, research into femoral modularity will intensify over the next few years. This review aims to provide surgeons with an up-to-date summary ...of the clinically relevant evidence. The development of femoral modularity, and a classification system, is described. The theoretical rationale for modularity is summarised and the clinical outcomes are explored. The review also examines the clinically relevant problems reported following the use of femoral stems with a modular neck. Joint replacement registries in the United Kingdom and Australia have provided data on the failure rates of modular devices but cannot identify the mechanism of failure. This information is needed to determine whether modular neck femoral stems will be used in the future, and how we should monitor patients who already have them implanted.
Usage and reporting of analgesia in animal models of spinal cord injury (SCI) have been sparse and requires proper attention. The majority of experimental SCI research uses rats as an animal model. ...This study aimed to probe into the effects of some commonly used regimens with NSAIDs and opioids on well-being of the rats as well as on the functional outcome of the model. This eight-week study used forty-two female Wistar rats (Crl: WI), randomly and equally divided into 6 treatment groups, viz. I) tramadol (5mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05mg/kg); II) carprofen (5mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05mg/kg); III) carprofen (5mg/kg); IV) meloxicam (1mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.05mg/kg); V) meloxicam (1mg/kg); and VI) no analgesia (0.5 ml sterile saline). Buprenorphine was administered twice daily whereas other treatments were given once daily for five days post-operatively. Injections were given subcutaneously. All animals underwent dental burr-assisted laminectomy at the T10-T11 vertebra level. A custom-built calibrated spring-loaded 200 kilodynes force deliverer was used to induce severe SCI. Weekly body weight scores, Rat Grimace Scale (RGS), and dark-phase home cage activity were used as markers for well-being. Weekly Basso Beattie and Bresnahan (BBB) scores served as markers for functionality together with Novel Object Recognition test (NOR) at week 8 and terminal histopathology using area of vacuolisation and live neuronal count from the ventral horns of spinal cord. It was concluded that the usage of analgesia improved animal wellbeing while having no effects on the functional aspects of the animal model in comparison to the animals that received no analgesics.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have recently been shown to be clinically effective as a novel method of stroke rehabilitation. In many BCI-based studies, the activation of the ipsilesional ...hemisphere was considered a key factor required for motor recovery after stroke. However, emerging evidence suggests that the contralesional hemisphere also plays a role in motor function rehabilitation. The objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the BCI in detecting motor imagery of the affected hand from contralesional hemisphere. We analyzed a large EEG dataset from 136 stroke patients who performed motor imagery of their stroke-impaired hand. BCI features were extracted from channels covering either the ipsilesional, contralesional or bilateral hemisphere, and the offline BCI accuracy was computed using 10 Formula: see text 10-fold cross-validations. Our results showed that most stroke patients can operate the BCI using either their contralesional or ipsilesional hemisphere. Those with the ipsilesional BCI accuracy of less than 60% had significantly higher motor impairments than those with the ipsilesional BCI accuracy above 80%. Interestingly, those with the ipsilesional BCI accuracy of less than 60% achieved a significantly higher contralesional BCI accuracy, whereas those with the ipsilesional BCI accuracy more than 80% had significantly poorer contralesional BCI accuracy. This study suggests that contralesional BCI may be a useful approach for those with a high motor impairment who cannot accurately generate signals from ipsilesional hemisphere to effectively operate BCI.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study reports the advantage of a novel technique employing a motorised dental burr to assist laminectomy over the conventional manual technique at T10-T11 vertebra level in a rat model of spinal ...cord injury. Twenty-four female rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) conventionally laminectomised, (2) dental burr assisted laminectomised, (3) conventionally laminectomised with spinal cord contusion and (4) dental burr assisted laminectomised with spinal cord contusion. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score, postoperative body weights, rat grimace scale (RGS), open cage activity and rearing was studied at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively, and area of spinal tissue affected was evaluated histologically. Laminectomised and spinal cord injured rats from dental burr groups showed significantly more weight gain and less weight loss respectively in comparison with respective conventionally laminectomised groups at various time points. Significantly higher RGS score was noticed in conventionally laminectomised animals on Day 1 in comparison to burr assisted laminectomy and presence of pain was evident until Day 7 in the conventionally spinal cord injured group. BBB score did not differ between techniques, whereas laminectomy groups showed more resting time than spinal injury groups. High rearing score was significantly higher in groups which underwent dental burr assisted technique at various time points with respect to their conventional counterparts. This study suggests that the use of dental burr assisted technique to perform laminectomy will bring refinement by producing less pain, aiding in better recovery, removing procedural artefacts without affecting the outcome of the model.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The lipid‐lowering agent pravastatin and the antidepressant paroxetine are among the most widely prescribed drugs in the world. Unexpected interactions between them could have important public health ...implications. We mined the US Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) for side‐effect profiles involving glucose homeostasis and found a surprisingly strong signal for comedication with pravastatin and paroxetine. We retrospectively evaluated changes in blood glucose in 104 patients with diabetes and 135 without diabetes who had received comedication with these two drugs, using data in electronic medical record (EMR) systems of three geographically distinct sites. We assessed the mean random blood glucose levels before and after treatment with the drugs. We found that pravastatin and paroxetine, when administered together, had a synergistic effect on blood glucose. The average increase was 19 mg/dl (1.0 mmol/l) overall, and in those with diabetes it was 48 mg/dl (2.7 mmol/l). In contrast, neither drug administered singly was associated with such changes in glucose levels. An increase in glucose levels is not a general effect of combined therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and statins.
Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2011) 90 1, 133–142. doi:10.1038/clpt.2011.83
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Herbicides such as atrazine and humus substances such as fulvic acid are widely used in agricultural sector. They can be traced in surface and groundwater around the agriculture field at ...concentrations beyond the approved limit due to their mobility and persistence. Bismuth-based photocatalysts activated by visible light are potential materials for removing various organic pollutants from water bodies. These photocatalysts can also be suitable candidates for developing a hybrid membrane with anti-fouling properties. In this study, Bi2WO6 nanoparticles were synthesized via the hydrothermal method and integrated into the cellulose acetate (CA), polyetherimide (PEI), polysulfone (PSF) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers via physical blending approach. The hybrid membranes were then characterized by FTIR, XPS and FESEM to confirm the chemical bonding, chemical composition and surface morphology of Bi2WO6. Thus, the pure water flux of CA (35.6 L m−2 h−1), PEI (46.56 L m−2 h−1), PSF (6.84 L m−2 h−1), and PVDF (68.47 L m−2 h−1) hybrid membranes has significantly enhanced than the pristine CA, PEI, PSF and PVDF membranes. The significant rejection of atrazine-fulvic acid was observed with hybrid membranes in the order of CA (84.1%) > PVDF (72.7%) > PEI (47.8%) > PSF (37.2%), and these membranes have shown an excellent flux recovery ratio than pristine membranes. Further, electrochemical quantification studies were performed to analyze the removal efficiency of atrazine-fulvic acid from water. In this present work, GO-modified SPE was employed for electrochemical sensing studies. The resultant CA hybrid membrane achieved removal efficiency of 84.08% for atrazine. It was observed that the Bi2WO6 established strong bonding with CA, and PVDF membranes, thus showing a significant removal efficiency and FRR than other hybrid and pristine membranes.
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•Bi2WO6 nanoparticles were synthesized by the hydrothermal method.•Hybrid Bi2WO6 incorporated membranes were fabricated using CA, PSF, PEI and PVDF polymers.•The better binding energy of Bi2WO6 was noted with various hybrid membranes via. XPS analysis.•CA, PVDF hybrid membranes showed better rejection towards Atrazine-fulvic acid solution.•Validate the rejection results observed from UV spectroscopy with electrochemical studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background. A number of recent randomized controlled trials reported the efficacy of brain–computer interface (BCI) for upper-limb stroke rehabilitation compared with other therapies. Despite the ...encouraging results reported, there is a significant variance in the reported outcomes. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of different BCI designs on poststroke upper-limb rehabilitation. Methods. The effect sizes of pooled and individual studies were assessed by computing Hedge’s g values with a 95% confidence interval. Subgroup analyses were also performed to examine the impact of different BCI designs on the treatment effect. Results. The study included 12 clinical trials involving 298 patients. The analysis showed that the BCI yielded significant superior short-term and long-term efficacy in improving the upper-limb motor function compared to the control therapies (Hedge’s g = 0.73 and 0.33, respectively). Based on our subgroup analyses, the BCI studies that used the intention of movement had a higher effect size compared to those used motor imagery (Hedge’s g = 1.21 and 0.55, respectively). The BCI studies using band power features had a significantly higher effect size than those using filter bank common spatial patterns features (Hedge’s g = 1.25 and − 0.23, respectively). Finally, the studies that used functional electrical stimulation as the BCI feedback had the highest effect size compared to other devices (Hedge’s g = 1.2). Conclusion. This meta-analysis confirmed the effectiveness of BCI for upper-limb rehabilitation. Our findings support the use of band power features, the intention of movement, and the functional electrical stimulation in future BCI designs for poststroke upper-limb rehabilitation.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, six core glycosyl hydrolases (GH) were isolated and purified from various sources to help rationally optimize an enzyme cocktail to digest ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) treated corn ...stover. The four core cellulases were endoglucanase I (EG I, GH family 7B), cellobiohydrolase I (CBH I, GH family 7A), cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II, GH family 6A) and β-glucosidase (βG, GH family 3). The two core hemicellulases were an endo-xylanase (EX, GH family 11) and a β-xylosidase (βX, GH family 3). Enzyme family and purity were confirmed by proteomics. Synergistic interactions among the six core enzymes for varying relative and total protein loading (8.25, 16.5 and 33
mg/g glucan) during hydrolysis of AFEX-treated corn stover was studied using a high-throughput microplate based protocol. The optimal composition (based on% protein mass loading) of the cocktail mixture was CBH I (28.4%): CBH II (18.0%): EG I (31.0%): EX (14.1%): βG (4.7%): βX (3.8%). These results demonstrate a rational strategy for the development of a minimal, synergistic enzymes cocktail that could reduce enzyme usage and maximize the fermentable sugar yields from pretreated lignocellulosics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
AbstractDifferent methods are available to quantify the fatigue damage of the asphalt mixtures. Among these, methods based on the concept of dissipated energy are used predominantly. Characterizing ...fatigue damage using the concept of dissipated energy is complicated due to the presence of other modes of dissipation, for instance, viscous dissipation. Hence, most of the investigations attempt to separate the dissipation due to damage from the viscous dissipation. One of the widely used approaches to separate fatigue dissipation involves the use of a parameter called pseudostrain. The area under the stress-pseudostrain curve, called the dissipated pseudostrain energy, is used to characterize fatigue. In this study, the usefulness or otherwise of this approach to separate fatigue and viscous dissipation is explored. Toward this, experimental investigations were conducted using four-point bending for four types of asphalt mixtures at two different temperatures and four strain levels. It was observed that although the concept of pseudostrain to characterize the fatigue damage holds good in some specific cases, it cannot be adopted for all experimental data collected in this study. In view of this, a new strategy to separate the total dissipation into viscous and fatigue dissipation is proposed based on a constitutive assumption for the viscous dissipation of damaged asphalt concrete. This new method is then used to quantify fatigue damage in this study.
In this work, we first report a novel sodium-enriched Ni-Fe mixed-oxide catalyst incorporated into a Ni-P electrode for photo and electrocatalytic water splitting. A one-pot special sol-gel method ...was adopted for the synthesis of sodium-enriched Ni-Fe mixed-oxide catalysts, and the parameters were optimized based on the electrode and characterized by suitable analytical techniques. The reported catalyst system has high solar water splitting activity with a high quantum efficiency of 53.89%. The functional electrode exhibited a very low overpotential of 198.3 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm
−2
during oxygen evolution reactions. Even though the oxygen evolution reaction is sluggish as it demands a high overpotential, the developed electrode system exhibited excellent OER characteristics by acting as a reversible electrode. Moreover, the LSV plots of electrodes before and after 1000 cycle CV revealed that the electrode possesses a high long-term electrochemical stability during the reversible OER. A high double-layer capacitance and a low charge transfer resistance value of the catalytic electrode are due to the high distribution of electroactive sites such as Na
+
, Ni
2+
, and Fe
3+
on the surface and the combined effect of various functional components in the catalytic system. NaNiO
2
and Fe
2
O
3
were preserved in the Z-scheme photo-catalyst, and it also enhanced the electron flow and conductivity which favours simultaneous oxidation and reduction. The developed electrode system exhibited excellent water splitting characteristics due to faster electron transfer reactions in sodium-incorporated catalysts. Furthermore, the coexistence of Ni
2+
and Fe
3+
would increase the electrical conductivity due to the synergic effect between Ni
2+
and Fe
3+
. The photo- and electrocatalytic activity and stability of the catalytic electrode system is competent with the recently reported and comparable catalyst. The present work proposes an electrode system capable of large-scale water splitting with excellent activity and stability.
In this work, we first report a novel sodium-enriched Ni-Fe mixed-oxide catalyst incorporated into a Ni-P electrode for photo- and electrocatalytic water splitting.
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