A highly efficient copper‐catalyzed C−H/N−H cross dehydrogenative coupling between picolinamides and simple ethers was developed. The reaction was promoted by the chelation assistance of removable ...picolinyl group and exhibited excellent TON and TOF number. This method was applicable to both N‐aryl and alkyl picolinamides as well as various cyclic and acyclic ethers with good functional group compatibility. It also possessed the merit of air and moisture tolerance and easy operation.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to objectively evaluate the severity of impulsivity behavior inhibitory control (BIC) impairment among adolescents with depression. In particular, those involved in non-suicidal ...self-injury (NSSI) behaviors, compared with those engaged in suicidal behaviors and adolescents without any self-injury behavior, using event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) within the two-choice oddball paradigm.
Participants with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) engaged in repetitive NSSI for five or more days in the past year (
= 53) or having a history of at least one prior complete suicidal behavior (
= 31) were recruited in the self-injury group. Those without self-injury behavior were recruited in the MDD group (
= 40). They completed self-report scales and a computer-based two-choice oddball paradigm during which a continuous electroencephalogram was recorded. The difference waves in P3d were derived from the deviant minus standard wave, and the target index was the difference between the two conditions. We focused on latency and amplitude, and time-frequency analyses were conducted in addition to the conventional index.
Participants with self-injury, compared to those with depression but without self-injury, exhibited specific deficits in BIC impairment, showing a significantly larger amplitude. Specifically, the NSSI group showed the highest value in amplitude and theta power, and suicidal behavior showed a high value in amplitude but the lowest value in theta power. These results may potentially predict the onset of suicide following repetitive NSSI.
These findings contribute to substantial progress in exploring neuro-electrophysiological evidence of self-injury behaviors. Furthermore, the difference between the NSSI and suicide groups might be the direction of prediction of suicidality.
Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4), is considered the most lethal disease of Cavendish bananas in the world. The disease can be ...managed in the field by planting resistant Cavendish plants generated by somaclonal variation. However, little information is available on the genetic basis of plant resistance to Foc TR4. To a better understand the defense response of resistant banana plants to the Fusarium wilt pathogen, the transcriptome profiles in roots of resistant and susceptible Cavendish banana challenged with Foc TR4 were compared.
RNA-seq analysis generated more than 103 million 90-bp clean pair end (PE) reads, which were assembled into 88,161 unigenes (mean size = 554 bp). Based on sequence similarity searches, 61,706 (69.99%) genes were identified, among which 21,273 and 50,410 unigenes were assigned to gene ontology (GO) categories and clusters of orthologous groups (COG), respectively. Searches in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway database (KEGG) mapped 33,243 (37.71%) unigenes to 119 KEGG pathways. A total of 5,008 genes were assigned to plant-pathogen interactions, including disease defense and signal transduction. Digital gene expression (DGE) analysis revealed large differences in the transcriptome profiles of the Foc TR4-resistant somaclonal variant and its susceptible wild-type. Expression patterns of genes involved in pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition, activation of effector-triggered immunity (ETI), ion influx, and biosynthesis of hormones as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, transcription factors, signaling/regulatory genes, cell wall modification genes and genes with other functions were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that basal defense mechanisms are involved in the recognition of PAMPs, and that high levels of defense-related transcripts may contribute to Foc TR4 resistance in banana.
This study generated a substantial amount of banana transcript sequences and compared the defense responses against Foc TR4 between resistant and susceptible Cavendish bananas. The results contribute to the identification of candidate genes related to plant resistance in a non-model organism, banana, and help to improve the current understanding of host-pathogen interactions.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A major challenge for COVID-19 therapy is dysregulated immune response associated with the disease. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (UC-MSCs) may be a promising candidate for COVID-19 ...treatment owing to their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of UC-MSCs inpatients with COVID-19.
Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched to collect clinical trials concerning UC-MSCs for the treatment of COVID-19. After literature screening, quality assessment, and data extraction, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the included study were performed.
This systematic review and meta-analysis were prospectively registered on PROSPERO, and the registration number is CRD42022304061. After screening, 10 studies involving 293 patients with COVID-19 were eventually included
meta-analysis results showed that UC-MSCs can reduce mortality (relative risk RR =0.60, 95% confidence interval CI: 0.38, 0.95, P=0.03) in COVID-19 patients. No significant correlation was observed between adverse events and UC-MSC treatment (RR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.10, P=0.22; RR=1.00, 95%CI: 0.64, 1.58, P=1.00)
addition, treatment with UC-MSCs was found to suppress inflammation and improve pulmonary symptoms.
UC-MSCs hold promise as a safe and effective treatment for COVID-19.
PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022304061.
The severe photogenerated charge carrier recombination and the poor CO2 adsorption capacity are regarded as the two main factors impeding the photocatalytic CO2 reduction performances of metal halide ...perovskite (PVK) nanomaterials. Herein, a ternary CsPbBr3/Au/PCN-333(Al) hybrid featuring high CsPbBr3 nanocrystal loading, fast charge separation, and good CO2 uptake is designed and fabricated by using Al-based mesoporous metal–organic framework (MOF) particles to encapsulate CsPbBr3 and Au nanocrystals, for synergetic photocatalytic CO2 reduction. A vacuum-assisted pore-filling method is developed to facilitate the permeation of CsPbBr3 precursor solution into PCN-333(Al), which results in a high CsPbBr3 loading of >40 wt%. Detailed heterostructure and photoelectric property analysis reveal that well-dispersed CsPbBr3 and Au nanocrystals inside the MOF matrix can form close contact with each other, which can extract the photogenerated electrons of CsPbBr3 to Au, so as to effectively inhibit the charge recombination and accelerate the CO generation. As a result, the CsPbBr3/Au/PCN-333(Al) hybrid exhibits a significantly improved CO2 reduction performance with the photoelectron consumption yield (Relectron) being 11.5-fold higher than that of single CsPbBr3 nanocrystals and a 100% selectivity for CO. This study demonstrates a new way to design a high-quality PVK/MOF heterostructure catalyst, which may also find application in other photocatalytic reactions.
Yunnan has the highest rates of HIV in China. Other treatable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with accelerated HIV transmission and poor ART outcomes, but are only diagnosed by ...syndromic algorithms.
We recruited 406 HIV-positive participants for a cross-sectional study (204 ART-naive and 202 receiving ART). Blood samples and first-voided urine samples were collected. Real-time polymerase chain reaction methods were used for diagnosing Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG). Syphilis and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) tests were also performed.
Among the 406 participants, the overall prevalence of STIs was 47.0% and 45.1% in ART-naive individuals and 49.0% in individuals receiving ART, respectively. The testing frequencies were 11.6% (11.8% vs. 11.4%), 33.2% (29.4% vs. 37.1%), 3.2% (3.4% vs. 3.0%), 2.0% (3.4% vs. 0.5%) and 4.7% (6.4% vs. 3.0%) for active syphilis, HSV-2, CT, NG and MG, respectively. The percentage of multiple infections in both groups was 10.8% (22/204) in ART-naive participants and 9.9% (20/202) in participants receiving ART. Female sex, an age between 18 and 35 years, ever injecting drugs, homosexual or bisexual status, HIV/HBV coinfection, and not receiving ART were identified as risk factors. Self-reported asymptomatic patients were not eliminated from having a laboratory-diagnosed STI.
The STI prevalence was 47.0% (45.1% vs. 49.0%), and HSV-2, syphilis and MG were the most common STIs in HIV-infected individuals. We found a high prevalence (6.4%) of MG in ART-naive individuals. HIV-positive individuals tend to neglect or hide their genital tract discomfort; thus, we suggest strengthening STI joint screening and treatment services among HIV-infected individuals regardless of whether they describe genital tract discomfort.
Co-free high entropy alloy (HEA) 28%Fe-27%Ni-27%Mn-18%Cr shows good irradiation resistance and could be a potential candidate for structural material in nuclear power industry. In this work, the ...environmental degradation behavior of this HEA was investigated in high temperature hydrogenated water. This HEA shows extensive intergranular cracking after constant extension rate tensile test, indicating that it is very susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) initiation. The microstructure analysis indicates that Mn and Cr diffuse outwards along the grain boundary during oxidation, inducing grain boundary migration. The Cr flux promotes the formation of Cr-enriched oxide layer above the grain boundary which prevents intergranular oxidation when the sample is unstressed. However, Mn is unstable in the oxide and tends to dissolve into the solution, making the oxide porous. The porous oxide fractures readily when stressed, inducing SCC initiation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A new type of wear resistant low carbon Fe–B cast steel with granular borides can be obtained by alloying with titanium and cerium rare earth (RE). As a result, the as-cast eutectic boride structures ...of Fe–B cast steel are greatly refined and a blocky, less interconnected boride network is obtained from continuous ledeburite. After heat treatment, the boride eutectic in the modified Fe–B cast steel is in the form of a granular boride structure that appears to be isolated particles The guide rollers made of modified low carbon Fe–B cast steel show excellent wear resistance and thermal fatigue resistance in high speed wire mills.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Unconventional shale/tight oil resources in fine-grained sedimentary rocks play essential roles in global energy structure. Fine-grained sedimentary rocks are characterized by complex pore assemblage ...and connectivity. Insights into the links between pore structure and movable oil are important for exploration and production of tight/shale oil or gas in fine-grained sedimentary rocks. A series of analyses including thin sections, mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were carried out to unravel the linkage between pore structure and oil movability. Various centrifugation speeds were used in the NMR tests to remove the movable oil to obtain the movable oil saturation corresponding to various centrifugation speed. Fractal dimension is calculated from NMR T2 spectrum. Then four types of pore structures were divided according to the parameters derived from the MICP and NMR results, and the characteristics of various pore structure are summarized. From type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ, the threshold pressure, irreducible water saturation (Swi), and the fractal dimension increased while the SHgmax, rapex, T2gm, porosity, permeability, and movable oil saturation decreased. Then the key factors controlling the movable oil saturation were investigated, including permeability, porosity, T2gm, rapex, and mineral composition of the rocks. The movable oil saturation is dominated by porosity, T2gm, fractal dimension, and rapex. Then a quantitative evaluation model of the movable oil saturation was established. In addition, the NMR logs and the derived parameters were utilized to evaluate the reservoir quality and pore structures in a single well. At last the T2 value of 25 ms (the ratio of the T2 components >25 ms to the total T2 components) was used to calculate the movable oil saturation in the upper member of the Lucaogou Formation, and the T2 value of 28 ms was used for the lower member of the Lucaogou Formation in the Jimusar Sag. The results are testified by the high-speed (10000 r/min) centrifugation NMR measurements. The results above help improve understanding of tight/shale oil enrichment and provide a new model for calculating the movable oil saturation in fine-grained sedimentary rocks.
•The reservoir quality decreases from type Ⅰ to type Ⅳ pore structure.•The main controlling factors of movable oil saturation are porosity, fractal dimension, rapex and T2gm.•The NMR logs can be used to calculate the movable oil saturation.•The T2 value calculating the movable oil saturation is different in the upper and lower sweet spot.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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