Science and technology sector constituting of data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence are contributing towards COVID-19. The aim of the present study is to discuss the various ...aspects of modern technology used to fight against COVID-19 crisis at different scales, including medical image processing, disease tracking, prediction outcomes, computational biology and medicines.
A progressive search of the database related to modern technology towards COVID-19 is made. Further, a brief review is done on the extracted information by assessing the various aspects of modern technologies for tackling COVID-19 pandemic.
We provide a window of thoughts on review of the technology advances used to decrease and smother the substantial impact of the outburst. Though different studies relating to modern technology towards COVID-19 have come up, yet there are still constrained applications and contributions of technology in this fight.
On-going progress in the modern technology has contributed in improving people’s lives and hence there is a solid conviction that validated research plans including artificial intelligence will be of significant advantage in helping people to fight this infection.
•There are many potential uses of artificial intelligence (AI) in managing medicalencountered during the COVID-19 pandemic.•The recent advances in technology can help in effective tracking and quarantine of cases.•Using smartphones and internet has also helped detect and mitigating the impact of the virus.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Alteration in neurotransmitters signaling in basal ganglia has been consistently shown to significantly contribute to the pathophysiological basis of Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. ...Dopamine is an important neurotransmitter which plays a critical role in coordinated body movements. Alteration in the level of brain dopamine and receptor radically contributes to irregular movements, glutamate mediated excitotoxic neuronal death and further leads to imbalance in the levels of other neurotransmitters viz. GABA, adenosine, acetylcholine and endocannabinoids. This review is based upon the data from clinical and preclinical studies to characterize the role of various striatal neurotransmitters in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Further, we have collected data of altered level of various neurotransmitters and their metabolites and receptor density in basal ganglia region. Although the exact mechanisms underlying neuropathology of movement disorders are not fully understood, but several mechanisms related to neurotransmitters alteration, excitotoxic neuronal death, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation are being put forward. Restoring neurotransmitters level and downstream signaling has been considered to be beneficial in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and Huntington’s disease. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify more specific drugs and drug targets that can restore the altered neurotransmitters level in brain and prevent/delay neurodegeneration.
Glutamate is one of the most prominent neurotransmitter in the body, present in over 50% of nervous tissue and plays an important role in neuronal excitation. This neuronal excitation is short-lived ...and is followed by depression. Multiple abnormal triggers such as energy deficiency, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, calcium overload, etc can lead to aberration in neuronal excitation process. Such an aberration, serves as a common pool or bridge between abnormal triggers and deleterious signaling processes with which central neurons cannot cope up, leading to death. Excitotoxicity is the pathological process by which nerve cells are damaged and killed by excessive stimulation by neurotransmitters such as glutamate and similar substances. Such excitotoxic neuronal death has been implicated in spinal cord injury, stroke, traumatic brain injury, hearing loss and in neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system such as stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, Amyltropic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington disease and alcohol withdrawal. This review mainly emphasizes the triggering events which sustain neuronal excitation, role of calcium, mitochondrial dysfunction, ROS, NO, chloride homeostasis and eicosanoids pathways. Further, a brief introduction about the recent research occurring in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, including a summary of the presumed physiologic mechanisms behind the pharmacology of these disorders.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Parkinson’s disease is progressive neurodegenerative and hypokinetic movement disorder.•6-OHDA is widely used neurotoxin model of PD preclinically.•Quercetin possesses potent antioxidant, ...anti-inflammatory and MAO-inhibitory properties.•Piperine in combination with quercetin as neuroprotective and neuromodulatory.•Future therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disorder.
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurological disorder caused by selective dopaminergic neuronal loss. Quercetin (QC) in combination with piperine (bioenhancer) acts as potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective against 6-OHDA rat model of PD. Rats were injected 6-OHDA (8μg/2μl, saline) unilaterally, intranigrally once into right SNpc. Pre-treatment with QC (25 and 50mg/kg, p.o.) alone and combination of QC (25mg/kg, p.o.) with piperine (2.5mg/kg, p.o.) were given for 14days starting from 8th day of 6-OHDA infusion. Post lesions were confirmed by rotational behavior with amphetamine (2.5mg/kg, i.p.) and motor coordination was assessed by narrow beam walk, open field and rotarod apparatus on the weekly basis. On 22nd day, animals were sacrificed and striatum homogenates were used for biochemical (LPO, GSH, Nitrite), neuroinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1 β and IL-6) and neurotransmitter (dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate) analysis. Rats pre-treated with QC alone and in combination with piperine have significantly attenuated the 6-OHDA induced rotational behavior and motor deficits. Further, these drugs have significantly improved antioxidant potential, decreased striatal proinflammatory cytokines level as well as restored neurotransmitters level. The neuroprotective enhancement of QC along with piperine is attributed through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and preventing neurotransmitter alteration mechanisms.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
The devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS–coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised important questions about its origins and the mechanism of its transfer to humans. A ...further question was whether companion or commercial animals could act as SARS-CoV-2 vectors, with early data suggesting susceptibility is species specific. To better understand SARS-CoV-2 species susceptibility, we undertook an in silico structural homology modelling, protein–protein docking, and molecular dynamics simulation study of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein’s ability to bind angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from relevant species. Spike protein exhibited the highest binding to human (h)ACE2 of all the species tested, forming the highest number of hydrogen bonds with hACE2. Interestingly, pangolin ACE2 showed the next highest binding affinity despite having a relatively low sequence homology, whereas the affinity of monkey ACE2 was much lower despite its high sequence similarity to hACE2. These differences highlight the power of a structural versus a sequence-based approach to cross-species analyses. ACE2 species in the upper half of the predicted affinity range (monkey, hamster, dog, ferret, cat) have been shown to be permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, supporting a correlation between binding affinity and infection susceptibility. These findings show that the earliest known SARS-CoV-2 isolates were surprisingly well adapted to bind strongly to human ACE2, helping explain its efficient human to human respiratory transmission. This study highlights how in silico structural modelling methods can be used to rapidly generate information on novel viruses to help predict their behaviour and aid in countermeasure development.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•Cognitive impairment and depression is common symptoms of epileptic patients.•Increased nitric oxide level contributes to lower seizure threshold.•PTZ kindling induced seizures is well known model ...for epilepsy in mice.•Spermine prevented seizure occurrence, memory impairment and depressive symptoms.•Spermine posses’ anti-oxidant and nitric oxide modulation property.
Nitric oxide (NO), an important intracellular signaling molecule is involved in modulation of neuronal transmission. The NO level increases during epileptic activity in animal models of epilepsy. However, its role in epileptic activity remains controversial. Spermine is an endogenous polyamine; possesses anti-oxidant property and has ability to modulate ion channels and NO synthase activity. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the role of NO pathway in the neuroprotective effect of spermine, in Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced kindling epilepsy in mice. PTZ (35mg/kg; intraperitoneal, i.p.) was administered on every alternate day up to 29days and challenge test was performed on 33rd day. From 15th day, spermine (5 and 10mg/kg; i.p.), L-NAME (10mg/kg; i.p), l-Arginine (50mg/kg; i.p) and sodium valproate (400mg/kg; i.p.) were administered up to 33rd day. Animals were sacrificed on 34th day for estimation of biochemical and neurotransmitters. Pretreatment with spermine, considerably, reversed the PTZ induced alterations. Further, pretreatment of L-NAME and l-Arginine with 5 and 10mg/kg; i.p. spermine, respectively, leads to an increase and decrease in its protective effects. The present study suggests the involvement of NO pathway in the protective effect of spermine against PTZ-induced kindling epilepsy in mice.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Predicting driver behavior is a key component for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). In this paper, a novel approach based on Support Vector Machine and Bayesian filtering is proposed for ...online lane change intention prediction. The approach uses the multiclass probabilistic outputs of the Support Vector Machine as an input to the Bayesian filter, and the output of the Bayesian filter is used for the final prediction of lane changes. A lane tracker integrated in a passenger vehicle is used for real-world data collection for the purpose of training and testing. Data from different drivers on different highways were used to evaluate the robustness of the approach. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach is able to predict driver intention to change lanes on average 1.3 seconds in advance, with a maximum prediction horizon of 3.29 seconds.
The HMG Co-enzyme inhibitors and new lipid-modifying agents expand their new therapeutic target options in the field of medical profession. Statins have been described as the most effective class of ...drugs to reduce serum cholesterol levels. Since the discovery of the first statin nearly 30 years ago, these drugs have become the main therapeutic approach to lower cholesterol levels. The present scientific research demonstrates numerous non-lipid modifiable effects of statins termed as pleiotropic effects of statins, which could be beneficial for the treatment of various devastating disorders. The most important positive effects of statins are anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, anti-diabetes, and antithrombotic, improving endothelial dysfunction and attenuating vascular remodeling besides many others which are discussed under the scope of this review. In particular, inhibition of Rho and its downstream target, Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), and their agonistic action on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) can be viewed as the principle mechanisms underlying the pleiotropic effects of statins. With gradually increasing knowledge of new therapeutic targets of statins, their use has also been advocated in chronic inflammatory disorders for example rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the scope of review, we highlight statins and their pleiotropic effects with reference to their harmful and beneficial effects as a novel approach for their use in the treatment of devastating disorders.
Graphical abstract
Pleiotropic effect of statins
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
1-Methy-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine（MPTP）is a neurotoxin that selectively damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and induces Parkinson＇s like symptoms in ...rodents.Quercetin（QC）is a natural polyphenolic bioflavonoid with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but lacks of clinical attraction due to low oral bioavailability.Piperine is a well established bioavailability enhancer used pre-clinically to improve the bioavailability of antioxidants（e.g.,Quercetin）.Therefore,the present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of QC together with piperine against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in rats.MPTP（100μg/μL/rat,bilaterally）was injected intranigrally on days 1,4 and 7 using a digital stereotaxic apparatus.QC（25 and 50 mg/kg,intragastrically）and QC（25 mg/kg,intragastrically）in combination with piperine（2.5 mg/kg,intragastrically）were administered daily for 14 days starting from day 8 after the 3~（rd） injection of MPTP.On day 22,animals were sacrificed and the striatum was isolated for oxidative stress parameter（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,nitrite and glutathione）,neuroinflammatory cytokine（interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α）and neurotransmitter（dopamine,norepinephrine,serotonin,gamma-aminobutyric acid,glutamate,3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid,homovanillic acid,and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid）evaluations.Bilateral infusion of MPTP into substantia nigra pars compacta led to significant motor deficits as evidenced by impairments in locomotor activity and rotarod performance in open field test and grip strength and narrow beam walk performance.Both QC（25 and 50 mg/kg）and QC（25 mg/kg）in combination with piperine（2.5 mg/kg）,in particular the combination therapy,significantly improved MPTP-induced behavioral abnormalities in rats,reversed the abnormal alterations of neurotransmitters in the striatum,and alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the striatum.These findings indicate that piperine can enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of QC,and QC in combination with piperine exhibits strong neuroprotective effects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity.
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) is a well known experimental model to study Huntington's disease (HD) and associated neuropsychiatric problems. Present study has been designed to explore the protective ...effects of hesperidin, naringin, and their nitric oxide mechanism (if any) against 3-nitropropionic acid induced neurotoxicity in rats.
Systemic 3-nitropropionic acid (10
mg/kg) treatment for 14 days in rats significantly induced HD like symptoms in rats as indicated by reduced locomotor activity, body weight, grip strength, oxidative defense and mitochondrial complex enzymes (complex-I, -II, and -IV) activities in striatum. Naringin and hesperidin pretreatment significantly attenuated behavioral alterations, oxidative stress and mitochondrial enzymes complex dysfunction in 3-NP treated group.
l-Arginine (50
mg/kg) pretreatment with lower dose of hesperidin (50
mg/kg) and naringin (50
mg/kg) significantly attenuated the protective effect of hesperidin and naringin respectively. Whereas
l-NAME (10
mg/kg), a non-selective NOS inhibitor pretreatment with hesperidin (50
mg/kg) and naringin (50
mg/kg) significantly potentiated their protective effect which was significant as compared to their effect per se. Study highlights the therapeutic potential of hesperidin and naringin against Huntington's like conditions and further indicates that these drugs might act through nitric oxide mechanism.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
PDF
